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Luke Rojas Mendoza, ST Equipment & Technology, USA
lrojasmendoza@steqtech.com
Frank Hrach, ST Equipment & Technology, USA
Kyle Flynn, ST Equipment & Technology, USA
Abhishek Gupta, ST Equipment & Technology, USA
ST Equipment & Technology LLC (STET) quae ad usum processus developed tribo secundum systema-balteus separationes, ut electrostatic praebet industria processui minerale sit modo beneficiate est finis materiae omnino arida et cum technology industria agentibus,. In contrast to other electrostatic separation processes that are typically limited to particles >75μm in magnitudine, STET triboelectric ad balteum SEPARATOR ut sit idonea discretione pulcherrimo (<1μm,) ut moderate grossis (500μm,) particulas includunt, throughput summus et ipsum. The STET tribo-electrostatic technology has been used to process and commercially separate a wide range of industrial minerals and other dry granular powders. hic, bench-scale results are presented on the beneficiation of low-grade Fe ore fines using STET belt separation process. Bench-scale testing demonstrated the capability of the STET technology to simultaneously recover Fe and reject SiO2 from itabirite ore with a D50 of 60µm and ultrafine Fe ore tailings with a D50 of 20µm. The STET technology is presented as an alternative to beneficiate Fe ore fines that could not be successfully treated via traditional flowsheet circuits due to their granulometry and mineralogy.
Ferrum in ore est quartus elementum terrae crusta maxime communia [1]. Ferrum ferro vestibulum sit de ratione materiae, quia essentialiter, ergo et global oeconomicae evolutionis [1-2]. Ferrum quoque est late in manufacturing de vehicles usus est in constructione, et [3]. Ferrum ferro opes maxime ex agmine incompositi transformetur (BIF) ferrum in forma reperiri oxydis, hydroxides carbonates et minus [4-5]. A acies ferro maxime genus ex superiore carbonas Dolomitic itabirites quod continet in se sunt productum ex dolomitization et metamorphism BIF de depositis [6]. In ore maxima ferro misso in hoc mundo non potest esse in Australia, Sina, Canada, Ucraina, Et Brazil India [5].
De Fodinis amet eget ferrum compositionem habet apparent lateque per chemical compositionem fe maxime mineralibus contentus et consociata gangue [1]. Ferri aerisque metalla cum sint maiores maxime ferrum hematite, Goetita, et Limonite magnetite [1,5]. Et ferri fodinis sunt SiO2 Al2O3 consectetur contaminants in [1,5,7]. Silica et ALUMEN est typical afferentem mineralia fodienda et ferrum praesens in Vicus, kaolinite, gibbsite, et diaspore corundum. De his est enim, ut saepe dictum est vicus et kaolinite intelliguntur medicatorum afferentem silica et ALUMEN ferre gibbsite est principalis mineralibus duos [7].
Aperto ore putei fit per extractionem cuniculorum principaliter ferri, unde generation est in significant tailings [2]. Ferrum chalcitis tria afficit productio ratio: mining, processus et actiones pelletizing. Horum, processus efficit, ut apta Chemia effectum, et ferrum gradus scaena prior ad pelletizing. Includit processus in tritura areae, genus, et magis retrahitur milling petere reducendo moles ferrum contentus in mineris gangue [1-2]. Minerali apud se depositum habet sua unique proprietatibus quantum ad ferrum et mineralia ferre gangue, Ergo intentio requiritur ars alia [7].
Magna disiunctio plerumque in summo gradu sunt beneficiation ferrum et mineralia fodienda qua dominatus ferrum ferro et paramagnetico [1,5]. Maximum intensionem separationem humidi et sicci magneticum (LIMS) magneticae proprietates dicuntur processus ars qualis ores magnetite in aqua forti magnetica separatio dicitur summus intensionem infirmis magneticae proprietates mineralium herbam fe dividerent hematite ut ex metallis gangue. Et ferri fodinis Goetita Limonite talis communiter vel in arte bene tailings non separet [1,5]. Magna modi challenges in praesentem facultatem humilis sui termini, et in verbis postulationem ad ferrum ex ore esse susceptibile ad magneticam agri [5].
flotation, in alia manu, sordibus est reducere contentus deorsum ferri fodinis gradus [1-2,5]. Sodium directe vel ferri fodinis possint figi flotation ferreis oxydis aversa Cationic flotation silica, tamen e converso Cationic flotation manet maxime popularibus flotation route usus est in industriam ferro [5,7]. Usus eius flotation limited sumptus est reagentia,, silica et ALUMEN et slimes coram-dives mineralibus coram kali caustici [7-8]. etiam, flotation vastum aqua curatio requirit, et dewatering sunt decurrent atque usum pro siccis ultima applications [1].
Usus flotation et pro ferro concentration involves desliming quod pendebat in multas coram praecessi in decrescebat et princeps efficientiam tenui costs [5,7]. Desliming praecipue est critica ad remotionem ALUMEN et quia separatio ab gibbsite Goetita hematite, vel ab aliquo active superficiem, est satis difficile agentibus [7]. ALUMEN et adferentem maxime mineralibus occurs in magnitudine range purissimum (<20autem) et per remotionem ejus permittens desliming. altiore, excelsum retrahitur multas (<20autem) ALUMEN et pondere augetur et diminuitur selectivity dramatically requiritur Cationic publicanus [5,7].
etiam, the presence of carbonate minerals – such as in dolomitic itabirites- can also deteriorate flotation selectivity between iron minerals and quartz as iron ores containing carbonates such as dolomite do not float very selectively. Dissolved carbonates species adsorb on the quartz surfaces harming the selectivity of flotation [8]. Flotation can be reasonably effective in upgrading low-grade iron ores, but it is strongly dependent on the ore mineralogy [1-3,5]. Flotation of iron ores containing high alumina content will be possible via desliming at the expense of the overall iron recovery [7], while flotation of iron ores containing carbonate minerals will be challenging and possibly not feasible [8].
Modern processing circuits of Fe-bearing minerals may include both flotation and magnetic concentration steps [1,5]. Exempli gratia, magnetic concentration can be used on the fines stream from the desliming stage prior to flotation and on the flotation rejects. The incorporation of low and high intensity magnetic concentrators allows for an increase in the overall iron recovery in the processing circuit by recovering a fraction of the ferro and paramagnetic iron minerals such as magnetite and hematite [1]. Goethite is typically the main component of many iron plant reject streams due to its weak magnetic properties [9]. In the absence of further downstream processing for the reject streams from magnetic concentration and flotation, the fine rejects will end up disposed in a tailings dam [2]. Tailings disposal and processing have become crucial for environmental preservation and recovery of iron valuables, respectively, and therefore the processing of iron ore tailings in the mining industry has grown in importance [10].
Clearly, the processing of tailings from traditional iron beneficiation circuits and the processing of dolomitic itabirite is challenging via traditional desliming-flotation-magnetic concentration flowsheets due to their mineralogy and granulometry, and therefore alternative beneficiation technologies such as tribo-electrostatic separation which is less restrictive in terms of the ore mineralogy and that allows for the processing of fines may be of interest.
Electrostatic crimen, dividentem inter Tribo utilitas electrica superficiem contactus, vel materiae produci triboelectric et micantis. Infans in via, Cum autem in contactu duorum materiae, the material with a higher affinity for electron gains electrons thus charges negative, affinitatem cum materia inferiorum mandat positivum electronica. In principium, low-grade iron ore fines and dolomitic itabirites that are not processable by means of conventional flotation and/or magnetic separation could be upgraded by exploiting the differential charging property of their minerals [11].
Here we present STET tribo-electrostatic belt separation as a possible beneficiation route to concentrate ultrafine iron ore tailings and to beneficiate dolomitic itabirite mineral. The STET process provides the mineral processing industry with a unique water-free capability to process dry feed. The environmentally friendly process can eliminate the need for wet processing, downstream waste water treatment and required drying of final material. Autem, STET et processum pre-curatio requirit paulo mineralis operates et facultatem ad altitudinem - ad 40 tonis stundā. Industria consummatio est minus quam 2 Ochozias filius materia per horas kilowatt-processionaliter.
materials
Duo denique fodienda cum ferro humilis-gradus in hac serie probat. Primum ex ore ultrafine ad fe ex ore tailings sample cum a D50 20 μm inflatae, secundum ad specimen itabirite ferrum ex ore sample cum a D50 60 μm,. Et exempla in suum praesentem challenges beneficiation processionaliter per modum efficientiae, et non-traditional desliming flotation-magnetica ex concentration circulos suos et P. Burmanni Secundi granulometry. Et exempla sunt ex adeptus est in Brazil cuniculorum.
Primum sample adeptus erat, an ex desliming existentium, flotation-magnetica concentration circuitu. Dam collecta a sample tailings, et exaruit, et homogenised stipata. Secundo ex hoc specimen itabirite ferri formationem Brasiliae. In sample mole et in fine agri percussit grando, fringilla a fraction adeptus genus gradu post tempora multa passus est a D98 et usque desliming 150 μm, effectum est. In sample est et exaruit, et homogenised stipata.
Particula mole distributio (PSD) determinatae sunt usura a laser diffractionem particula magnitudine analyser, Malvern Mastersizer est scriptor 3000 E. Tum etiam propria, damnum-exempla sunt in ignitionem,(JUS), Et XRF XRD. Damnum ignitionem (JUS) definitum imponere 4 in II de sample 1000 ºC in fornacem 60 quod, sicut ex supra accepit LOI re minuta atque. In chemical compositionem perficitur in analysis usura a domi adsum-ray quod digerat inpositum X Chenopodium album (WD-XRF) quarum maxima sunt investigandae XRD crystallinum instrumentum artis.
In chemical compositionem enim et LOI tailings sample (Tailings), ferrum et formatio itabirite Sample (Itabirite), hoc ostenditur in Tabula 1 particula magnitudine enim et partitiones sive Speculi mn reflexione exempla monstrantur 1. Nam tot sunt tailings sample pelagus fe recoverable Goetita et hematite, Vicus est principalis mineralibus et gangue (Vide Fig 4). Nam tot sunt itabirite sample pelagus fe recoverable hematite, Vicus dolomite et mineralia et principalis gangue (Vide Fig 4).
Mensa 1. Propter chemical analysis quia major elementa et in tailings exempla Itabirite.
| Sample | Grade (cum%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe | SiO2 | Al2O3 | MNO | MgO | CAO | LOI** | Others | |
| Tailings | 30.3 | 47.4 | 4.3 | 1.0 | * | * | 3.4 | 13.4 |
| Itabirite | 47.6 | 23.0 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 21.0 |
Particula magnitudine Distribution
modi
A experimentorum serie disposito to investigate the sunt de diversis effectus in utroque motus parametri ferrum ferro exemplaria usura a proprietary STET tribo electrostatic balteum separator technology,. Conducted per experimenta sunt scamnum-scale in tribo SEPARATOR, electrostatic balteum, de quibus in sequentibus: quod 'Benchtop SEPARATOR,. Testis est subsellium eu nulla tempus turpis primum triplici via (Tabula videre 2) -scale iudicium inter scamnum, commercial eu turpis eu gubernator temptationis. Separator in Benchtop adhibetur protegantur, electrostatic et micantis tribo enim quod ex materia et determinare si est non bonum electrostatic candidatum beneficiation. Et principalis differentia inter fragmen apparatu presented sunt in Tabula 2. Dum alia pars quantitatis cujusvis vasa, principle est operatio penitus idem.
Mensa 2. Tres-tempus processus per exsecutionem STET tribo electrostatic balteum separator technology,
| tempus | Propter: | Electrode Dimensions (W x L) cm | Type of Process/ |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bench Scale Evaluation | Qualitative Evaluation | 5*250 | batch |
| gubernator Ascendite Testing | Quantitative Evaluation | 15*610 | batch |
| commercial Scale Implementation | commercial Production | 107 *610 | continui |
Opera Omnia principium STET
In principle operatio a SEPARATOR, electrostatic et micantis tribo Dei manet super eum. In electrostatic tribo-balteus separator (figuras 2 et 3), materia alitur foramen angustum 0.9 - 1.5 electrodes cm inter duo plana parallel. Ex quibus sunt triboelectrically addita per contactum interparticle. A positive praecepit mineralis(s) , et negative crimen mineralis(s) Oppositum adamaveris electrodes. Motus continuus particularum SEPARATOR intra rapitur aperta reticulum zonam importatur per oppositas. Mouet materiam dignissim est cingulum inter particulas proximas Electrode separator in parte adversa. Quod contra est, et continuus particularum triboelectric prćcipiens current ingressus aquae separationis est fluxus paulatim particulatimque-particula collisione providet optimum results in puritatem et ad separationem et multistage recuperatio unitas in una-saltum. Et balteum triboelectric separator technology solebant esse materiae separate a lateque de comprehendo mixturis de saturo fucata aluminosilicates / carbo carbonis (volare fraxinus), calcite / Vicus, TALCUM / magnesite, et Barite / Vicus.
altiore, separator in consilio est relative simplex et balteum adiunguntur cum longique urgent ad movere solum partes,. Electrodes In his statiuis, et composito ex materia et vestiantur usque appropriately. Separator in longitudinem circiter Electrode 6 metris (20 ft.) et in latitudine 1.25 metris (4 ft.) commercial et plenus amplitudo turmas. Summus celeritate permittit altissima throughputs balteo, usque ad 40 tons per hora ad unitas plena magnitudine commercial. De potentia consummatio est minus quam 2 kilowatt-processionaliter per horas plus de potentia materiae per Ochozias filius Cadent a duobus motoribus fieri pellendo finibus balteum.
Schematic balteum ex triboelectric separator
Detail expiationis zona
Ut videri potest in Tabula 2, SEPARATOR inter praecipua Benchtop gubernatorque commercial eu eu est diviserunt longitudine fere Benchtop SEPARATOR 0.4 commercial eu interdum eu longitudo gubernator unitates. Separator per efficientiam, ut hoc sit munus in longitudinem electrode, scamnum-scale testis adhiberi potest, pro gubernator-scale temptationis. Test gubernator eu determinari quantum potest processu separationis quod STET, et STET processum determinare possimus, si productum ab per peltas dedit rates feed. instead, Benchtop adhibetur a SEPARATOR ut praeesset de candidato materiae simile, quae significant demonstrabo nazaræus ante omnis gubernator gradu-scale. Results adeptus super scamnum non-ut-scale optimized, Notandum quod servetur discretio atque commercii minus lata STET SEPARATOR.
Herba est nauta in lance experiri prius commercial elit, autem, ut probatur in banco testis eu elit primum processum qualibet materia. Ceterum, In casibus in quibus materia disponibilitatis limited, separator in Benchtop praebet utile tool pro absconsionem potential est felix projects (i.e., in qua industria elit et scuta projects potest qualis usus occurrit technology STET).
Scamnum-scale temptationis
Latin processus specifica metam, ut crescat in iudiciis sunt praestiterit circa fe concentration et reducere retrahitur gangue mineralium. Determinare motum variabilibus indagandos explorati maximize ferri metalla diversa directione motus. Motus directione versus indicat experientia observandis Benchtop motum plantae commercii gubernator numquam.
Variables auctorem includitur in relative humiditas (R.), caliditas, electrode diutina verticitatem,, Ad has celeritate et balteum voltage. Horum, R. caliditas et magna solus potest habere effectum in tribo differentiali separatio est igitur, et præcipiens results. Unde, R. optimam temperiem et reliquas leges effectum explorandi decreverunt purus. Duo gradus diutina verticitatem, illi explorati,: ego) II positivum et diutina verticitatem summo electrode) summo electrode diutina verticitatem, negans. Nam STET separator, R. Et dedit optimam temperiem atque ordinationem sub conditione verticitatem, balteum celeritate est primaria gradu imperium ansam retinere omnium optimizing productum massa et convaluisset. Testis super scamnum separator adjuvat illuminant ad effectus quidam de operational in variables tribo, electrostatic et micantis in mineralibus sample data, ergo et quod adsequi non potest usus trends, ut quidam gradu, numero variabilium graciliorem gubernator herba perfecerunt eu experimentis. Mensa 3 pars legibus uti separatio partis latitudine lists 1 iudicium enim processum tailings et exempla itabirite.
Mensa 3 conditiones enumerat expiationis rhoncus
| Parameter | Units | Range of Values | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailings | Itabirite | ||
| Top Electrode Polarity | - | Positive- Negative | Positive- Negative |
| Electrode Voltage | -kV/+kV | 4-5 | 4-5 |
| Feed Relative Humidity (R.) | % | 1-30.7 | 2-39.6 |
| Feed Temperature | ° F (° F) | 71-90 (21.7-32.2) | 70-87 (21.1-30.6) |
| Belt Speed | Fps (m / s) | 10-45 (3.0-13.7) | 10-45 (3.0-13.7) |
| Electrode Gap | Inches (mm) | 0.400 (10.2 mm) | 0.400 (10.2 mm) |
Probat in solenni comitatu a SEPARATOR Benchtop sub conditionibus batch, cum feed exempla spectemur 1.5 Age. test. Currere usura A Suspendisse 1 s. ex materia autem subintravit ut probat inter aliqua potest considerari carryover effectus non ex conditione priorem. Quibus materia coepta erat homogenised specimenque quam periculo ultimo temptaret et sacculos, sunt materia Suspendisse et currere paratus. In principio uniuscuiusque ad experimentum relative humiditas et caliditas (R.) Humiditas et tenuit manum, erat metiri Temperature usura a Vaisala HM41 averso specillo diducendum. R. Et cum experimenta iacet temperatus range 70-90 ° F (21.1-32.2 (° F) et 1-39.6%, respectively. R. Ut probetur de inferioribus et / vel altius caliditas, Suspendisse feed et exempla sunt tenentur in statu sicco in clibano 100 ° C pro tempore inter 30-60 minutes. contraque, R. altius values addere parva copia aquae est materia illius attenderetur, deinde homogenization. R. Postea temperatus est, et in quisque metiri feed sample, tunc step est ut electrode diutina verticitatem,, balteus et intentione ad desideratum gradu velocitatis. Gap values sunt servanda in constant 0.4 pollices (10.2 mm) et in bellis tailings itabirite exempla in temptationem.
Prior unicuique test, sub-feed parva sample est collectum continet circiter 20g (ut quos Pasce '). Profecta omnis operatio in variables, Durat adhuc in materia in in electrica tremulum sollicitari pascens usura Benchtop separator separator per centrum ad Benchtop. Quisque coactis exemplaria experimentorum ad finem ultimum productum pondera 1 (etiam ipsum 'E1') et ultimum productum 2 (etiam ipsum 'e2') -scale in narratione iuris usus commercia constituta sunt,. Test post se, sub quibus circa parva exempla, 20 et collecta sunt E1 g E2. E1 et Missam sub quo iaceat, describitur per quod e2:
ubiautemE1 et autemE2 Cedit enim massa et E1 E2, respectively; E1 specimen ponderum productorum coactis ad SEPARATOR sumus et E2, respectively. Tum quia exempla, Fe auctus est productum retrahitur est E2.
Pro sulum paro of sub-sample (i.e., feed, E1 et e2) Compositionis XRF definitum oxydis LOI principibusque. Fe2 Quod3 Summa determinatae sunt ab values. Nam tailings sample LOI non directe pertinet ad contentus de Goetita in sample coetus hydroxyl in operando, sicut voluntas oxidize in Goetita II2 Quodg [10]. praeter, itabirite specimen pro LOI non directe pertinent ad communicationem habet carbonates et in sample, ut calcii et magnesii carbonates et eorum principalis fuerit dissolutum in oxides inde in emissione Press2g Sample sub- sequentem et pondus damnum. XRF capita erant miscendo 0.6 P. sample cum mineralis 5.4 P. Lithium tetraborate, quod utrumque delecti ex chemica compositio tailings itabirite et exempla. Sunt enim normalized XRF analysis LOI.
denique, Fe convaluisset EFe ut productum (E2) et SiO2 repudium Qquod Calculus initus sunt. EFe et intendi in recipis quod originale turpis fe recuperata sample QSiO2 recipis partem feed remota originali est a sample. EFe et Qquod describuntur per ':
ubi Cego,(feed,E1, E2) nam quotus quisque sit normalized concentration sub-i pars scriptor sample (eg., Fe, sio2)
exempla P. Burmanni Secundi
Showing major ratio de mineralibus XRD quarum sunt exemplaria pro tailings et itabirite per primum Lemma 4. Nam tot sunt tailings sample pelagus fe recoverable Goetita, hematite, et magnetite, Vicus est principalis mineralibus et gangue (Vide Fig 4). Nam tot sunt itabirite sample pelagus fe recoverable hematite, et magnetite, et pelagus gangue vicus et corpora mineralia dolomite. Magnetite in vestigium apparet in utroque exempla concentratione. pura hematite, Goetita, et quae magnetite 69.94%, 62.85%, 72.36% Fe, respectively.
D patterns. A - Tailings sample, B - Itabirite sample
Scamnum-scale experimenta
Seriem A sample test fugit factae sunt in mineralibus inter fe intendebant maxima et decrescebant SiO2 contentus. E1 species videlicet conversa ad mores et micantis negans esse indicia cum e2 ad intentionem speciei positivum mores et micantis. Cingulum processus superior celeritatum favebant tailings Sample; autem, quod effectus huius sola variabilis inventa est minus significant itabirite ad sample.
Mediocris praecessi pro tailings itabirite et exempla traduntur in fig 5, quae a ratione 6 et 4 experimenta, respectively. Vide Fig 5 tradite munera mediocris mole et chemica products et ad feed E1 et e2. Autem, insidiamini melius se praestat aut decrescentibus concentration (E2- feed) specimen pro sulum component exempli causa, Fe, SiO2 Consociata sunt ut quis ad augmentum in valorem E2, dum negatiuo valore ipsius Ω consociata sunt ut quis ad diminutionem in E2.
fig.5. Cedit enim et massa orci elit Nutritor, E1 products et e2. Represent errorem inducent vectes 95% fiduciam intervals.
Sample content tailings fe in finibus erat 29.89% ut 53.75%, in mediocris, fructus ad missam autemE2 - aut mole global convaluisset – autem 23.30%. Haec respondere fe convaluisset ( silica et rejectio (QE2 ) de values 44.17% et 95.44%, respectively. LOI et contentus finibus erat 3.66% ut 5.62% quod indicat fe contentus non ad augmentum in incrementum content Goetita (Vide Fig 5).
Sample content itabirite fe in finibus erat 47.68% ut 57.62%, in mediocris, fructus ad missam autemE2 -autem 65.0%. Haec respondere fe convaluisset EFe( silica et rejectio (QSiO2) de values 82.95% et 86.53%, respectively. et LOI, CAO et MgO finibus contenta sunt 4.06% ut 5.72%, 1.46 ut 1.87% et ex 2.21 ut 3.16%, respectively, quod indicat directionem et eadem dolomite est movere in Fe-afferentem mineralium (Vide Fig 5).
Tum quia exempla,AL,2 Quod3 , Stultum videtur P mno inclinant FE generationem mineralium (Vide Fig 5). Dum id quod appetitur propter unionem harum tres species esse pauci numero, combined per a concentration SiO2, AL,2 , Quod3 , autemE2 MNO, et descendit in utraque exempla P, Itaque in summa per effectum et effectus ad Benchtop separator in amplificationem productum est Fe gradu et decrementum concentration contaminantium.
altiore, efficax argumentum ostendit esuriens tentationem Benchtop separari particularum ferri silica. Elit suadeant quod promissum results scale quod gubernator probat scale inter primam et secundam fieret saltus,.
disputationem
Quod experimentum magni momenti exitus notitia insinuat quod STET separator in Fe contentus cum eodem incremento reducing SiO2 contentus.
Demonstratum his quae consequuntur triboelectrostatic separata a significant augmentum in in contentus Fe, et ex significatione eventus disputationem, in fe continet in Praesensque saevis hostibus eripe maximum et technology de feed cum necesse est iudicium.
Ut satus, Aliquam sit amet est enim de speciebus apparent in utroque prćcipiens exemplaria morum medicatorum. Nam tailings sample components in pelagus eventus experimentum demonstratum est fe fe oxides et vicus et conuenerunt ad oxides R2 dum intenta est vicus E1. Infans in via, Posset tamen dici, quod acquiritur per fe cadmiae partes positivum crimen acquiritur materiae particulas vim negativam tenet et Vicus. Et hoc etiam est cum triboelectrostatic mores natura et mineralibus, sicut ostensum est per Tacitus (2010) [12]. Mensa 4 patet inductive patet ex separatione triboelectric seriei lectus mineralium, et ostendit quae vicus est sita in fundo serie dum præcipiens Goetita, magnetite, et hematite quae sita est in superiore serie. Metallis in summo ex serie tendunt in positivum arguere, in metallis et deorsum tendunt ad acquirendum quod vim negativam.
In alia manu, Nam lacinia consectetur erat hematite itabirite Sample, et indicavit vicus praecessi dolomite et experimentalem, quae fe oxides dolomite et conuenerunt ad R2 dum intenta est vicus E1. Haec indicat hematite dolomite acquiritur per particulas et particulas includunt positivum crimen cum quartz acquiritur vim negativam. Ut videri potest in Tabula 4, carbonates quae sita est in summo ex tribo series electrostatic,, quod indicat carbonas particularum acquirunt tendunt ad positivum crimen, ut inde colligi potest E2. Dolomite et animis et inclinant hematite, instantis iuxta quam altiore effectus in vesiculis enim hematite coram vicus et dolomite positivum crimen erat proprium.
Et in directionem motus in singulis speciebus Mineralogical sample est eamque intimam secum fert rem, quia sic erit determinare maximam fe Praesensque saevis hostibus eripe gradu nactus, quod potest transire per unum balteum separator per electrostatic et tribo technology,.
Nam et tailings itabirite exempla maximam fe Praesensque saevis hostibus eripe contentus voluntas determinari ex evocantur elementa tria,: ego) De mineralibus moles Fe in Fe-afferentem; II) ad minimum Vicus (SiO2 ) contentus esse potest, et effectum; III) FE partem in eodem numero generationem contaminants mineralium. Nam consectetur tailings sample contaminants testimonium in eodem partem mineralia Fe al2 Quod3 MNO ferre mineralium, Cum enim sint contaminants maximum specimen itabirite CAO MgO al2 Quod3 ferre mineralium.
| Mineral Name | Charge acquired (apparent) |
|---|---|
| Apatite | +++++++ |
| Carbonates | ++++ |
| Monazite | ++++ |
| Titanomagnetite | . |
| Ilmenite | . |
| Rutile | . |
| Leucoxene | . |
| Magnetite/hematite | . |
| Spinels | . |
| Garnet | . |
| Staurolite | - |
| Altered ilmenite | - |
| Goethite | - |
| Zircon | -- |
| Epidote | -- |
| Tremolite | -- |
| Hydrous silicates | -- |
| Aluminosilicates | -- |
| Tourmaline | -- |
| Actinolite | -- |
| Pyroxene | --- |
| Titanite | ---- |
| feldspar | ---- |
| Vicus tractus | ------- |
Mensa 4. Apparent enim lectus mineralibus triboelectric serie secundum separationem inductionem. Determinetur verbum, ex D.N Tacitus (2010) [12].
Nam tailings sample, et quod metiri contentus ad Fe 29.89%. XRD notitia indicat ut plurimum tempus est Goetita, deinde hematite, Si ergo mundus separationis maximum possibilius deduceretur inter fe contentus 62.85% et 69.94% (et quae fe continet mundum Goetita hematite, respectively). autem, quod non potest separari a clean al2, Quod3 MNO P mineralium herbam adferentem fe in directum moventur mineralium, igitur incrementis, et in Fe contentus etiam consequuntur per incremento horum contaminantium. tum, ut proventus contentus Fe, Vicus quantum ad e2 necesse erit signanter minuatur per exsertiones motus est ad punctum illud , MNO, et ad productum P (E2). Ut ostenditur in Tabula 4, Vicus est fortis tendit addiscere vim negativam, Ergo videtur habere negationem esuriens aliis mineralibus sine moribus esse admodum poterit contentus decrescit productum (E2) transeuntes autem primam triboelectrostatic per cingulum SEPARATOR Lorem usura.
Exempli gratia, Fe contentus, si ponamus omnia consociata sunt, in sample est tailings Goetita (FeO(O)), et solus es gangue oxides SiO2, al2Quod3 et MNO, tum fe contentus in productum esse a:
Fe(%)=(100-SiO2 – (al2 Quod3 + MNO*0.6285
ubi, 0.6285 quotus quisque sit pura Fe in Goetita. Certandi cum machina fit Eq.4 intendere FE depingit AL,2Quod3 + MNO dum augetur SiO2 decrescit.
Nam itabirite Sample content Fe sunt ad mensuram gomor 47.68%. Data est pars praedominans XRD indicat fe deduceretur hematite quapropter maxima mundi contentus esse poterat ad separationem 69.94% (ex quibus contentus sit pura hematite Fe). Quod, sicut dictum est tailings sample de quibus cum homo mundus erit separatio fieri, non ut Cao, MgO, al2 Quod3 dum moventur easdem mineras hematite, contentus, et ergo ad augendam Fe SiO2 necesse est reducere contentus. Isto posito quod hoc sample est consociata sunt, in universum ad fe contentus hematite (Fe2Quod3) et quod tantum continebat oxides in corpora mineralia gangue SiO2, CAO, MgO, al2Quod3 et MNO; tum fe contentus in productum esse a:
Fe(%)=(100-SiO2-CAO + + MgOal2Quod3+MNO+JUS*0.6994
ubi, 0.6994 quotus quisque sit pura Fe in hematite. Animadvertit sic hoc esse includit Eq.5 LOI, dum non Eq.4. Nam itabirite sample, et LOI consociata est ut cum pro carbonates coram tailings specimen est in Fe-consociata ferre mineralium.
scilicet, tum quia exempla itabirite tailings et non potest significantly reducere contentus de proventus per fe contentus SiO2; autem, ut ostensum est, et in Eq.4 Eq.5, contentus maximam fe deduceretur motum determinari nutu retrahitur oxydis consociata minera gangue.
In principium, tum exempla esse unionem auctus per fe in alterum transeunt STET separator in quo CAO,MgO al2 Quod3 et MNOferre non potuit separari a potiori metallis, mineris ferentis. Vicus separationem rectissime posset per primum saltum sublati in sample. Vicus absentibus, ut ratio aliqua praecepta reliquorum mineralium gangue Goetita ex adverso, hematite, et magnetite, crescentem sequitur quod fe contentus. Exempli gratia, et fundatur in specimen itabirite ad locum dolomite et hematite in serie triboelectrostatic (Tabula videre 4), dolomite / hematite separationis dolomite poterit quod habet tendentiam ad fortes arguere positivum in relatione ad hematite.
Super his de quibus maximam fe continet in rem deduceretur ad disputationem de feed technology quae requiruntur ad hoc opus. In electrostatic STET tribo-feed ad balteum separator requirit materiam esse conpositum, et aridam. Parvis admodum magna copia humorem possunt habere effectum in differentiali tribo, præcipiens ne humorem, et ergo potest ibant et decrescebant usque ad feed <0.5 wt.%. Autem, the feed material should be ground sufficiently fine to liberate gangue materials and should be at least 100% passing mesh 30 (600 autem). At least for the tailings sample, the material would have to be dewatered followed by a thermal drying stage, while for the itabirite sample grinding coupled with, or follow by, thermal drying would be necessary prior to beneficiation with the STET separator.
The tailings sample was obtained from an existing desliming-flotation-magnetic concentration circuit and collected directly from a tailings dam. Typical paste moistures from tailings should be around 20-30% and therefore the tailings would need to be dried by means of liquid-solid separation (dewatering) followed by thermal drying and deagglomeration. The use of mechanical dewatering prior to drying is encouraged as mechanical methods have relative low energy consumption per unit of liquid removed in comparison to thermal methods. About 9.05 Btu are required per pound of water eliminated by means of filtration while thermal drying, in alia manu, requires around 1800 Btu per pound of water evaporated [13]. The costs associated with the processing of iron tailings will ultimately depend on the minimum achievable moisture during dewatering and on the energetic costs associated with drying.
The itabirite sample was obtained directly from an itabirite iron formation and therefore to process this sample the material would need to undergo crushing and milling followed by thermal drying and deagglomeration. One possible option is the use of hot air swept roller mills, in which dual grinding and drying could be achieved in a single step. The costs associated with the processing of itabirite ore will depend on the feed moisture, feed granulometry and on the energetic costs associated to milling and drying.
For both samples deagglomeration is necessary after the material have been dried to ensure particles are liberated from one another. Deagglomeration can be performed in conjunction to the thermal drying stage, allowing for efficient heat transfer and energy savings.
Quod scamnum-scale quod eventus fortis, curavit demonstrates presented here and mineralibus separationem Fe-afferentem uti vicus a triboelectrostatic balteus separationes.
Sample content tailings fe in finibus erat 29.89% ut 53.75%, in mediocris, fructus ad missam 23.30%, silica amissio fe, quae respondet valoribus ipsarum et convaluisset 44.17% et 95.44%, respectively. Sample content itabirite fe in finibus erat 47.68 % ut 57.62%, in mediocris, fructus ad missam 65.0%, silica amissio fe, quae respondet valoribus ipsarum et convaluisset 82.95% et 86.53%, respectively. Perfectis autem quod consequitur illas minores separator separator commercii minus efficax quam STET.
Inventiones indicant experimentalem, quae est tam tailings itabirite exempla maximam et minimam Praesensque saevis hostibus eripe Praesensque saevis hostibus eripe fe contentus voluntatis dependet ex content Vicus. Autem, altiorem gradum obtinere possint per fe in alterum transire zonam STET SEPARATOR.
Eventus hoc studio demonstratum est humilis-ferrum gradus potest upgraded per multas ore STET tribo SEPARATOR, electrostatic balteum. Adhuc plantabis eu commendatur gubernatore opus determinare gradum recuperare quod ferri possit intendi. Ex experientia,, et convaluisset productum et / vel amplio significantly ad gradus et processus gubernator scale, consilium respectu horum usus consilio expertus ferrum eu iudiciis. Et ex ea significationem praebere STET tribo separationem, electrostatic modi placitum processus ferrum fines.
