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Lucas Rojas Mendoza, ST Qalabka & technology, USA
lrojasmendoza@steqtech.com
Frank Hrach, ST Qalabka & technology, USA
Kyle Flynn, ST Qalabka & technology, USA
Abhishek Gupta, ST Qalabka & technology, USA
ST Qalabka & technology LLC (STET) ayaa sameeyay nidaamka processing sheeko ku salaysan kala go'a suunka tribo-electrostatic bixiya warshadaha macdanta loo adeegsanayo in la beneficiate qalab wanaagsan technology tamarta-hufan oo gebi ahaanba qalalan ah. In contrast to other electrostatic separation processes that are typically limited to particles >75μm ee size, SEPARATOR suunka triboelectric STET waa aduu kala mid aad u wanaagsan (<1μm) si dhexdhexaad ah aan dhab ahayn (500μm) Qurub, leh marin aad u sareeya. The STET tribo-electrostatic technology has been used to process and commercially separate a wide range of industrial minerals and other dry granular powders. halkan, bench-scale results are presented on the beneficiation of low-grade Fe ore fines using STET belt separation process. Bench-scale testing demonstrated the capability of the STET technology to simultaneously recover Fe and reject SiO2 from itabirite ore with a D50 of 60µm and ultrafine Fe ore tailings with a D50 of 20µm. The STET technology is presented as an alternative to beneficiate Fe ore fines that could not be successfully treated via traditional flowsheet circuits due to their granulometry and mineralogy.
Iron dhadhaab waa element afaraad ee ugu badan ee qolof dhulka ee [1]. Iron waa lagama maarmaan si wax soo saarka steel oo sidaas daraaddeed wax muhiim u ah horumarka dhaqaale ee caalamka [1-2]. Birta waxaa sidoo kale si weyn loo adeegsado dhismaha iyo warshadaha baabuurta [3]. Inta badan khayraadka macdanta birta ka kooban yihiin qaababka bir ah oo nidar metamorphosed (BIF) taas oo bir ah waxaa caadi ahaan laga helo qaab oxides, hydroxides iyo ilaa xad yar carbonates [4-5]. nooca A gaar ah oo qaababka bir ah ku jira carbonate sare waa itabirites dolomitic kuwaas oo ka soo baxay oo ka mid ah dolomitization iyo metamorphism of kayd BIF [6]. The kayd iron ore ugu weyn dunida waxa laga heli karaa Australia, Shiinaha, Canada, Ukraine, India iyo Brazil [5].
Walxaha kiimikada ee senti bir ah ayaa kala duwan oo muuqata ballaaran ee Halabuurka kiimikada gaar ahaan content Fe iyo macdan gangue la xiriira [1]. macdanta birta Major la xiriira inta badan senti birta waa hematite, goethite, limonite iyo magnetite [1,5]. The sunta ugu weyn ee senti ay bir yihiin SiO2 iyo Al2O3 [1,5,7]. silica iyo dhalista alumina The macdanta caadiga jooga senti ay bir yihiin quartz, kaolinite, gibbsite, diaspore iyo corundum. Kuwaas oo inta badan lagu arkay in quartz waa macdan silica dhalista celceliska iyo kaolinite iyo gibbsite waa alumina sidda macdanta laba-ugu weyn [7].
Iron fiirsato ore waxaa inta badan lagu sameeyaa iyada oo loo marayo howlo macdan god furan, taasoo keentay in tailings jiilka weyn [2]. nidaamka wax soo saarka macdanta birta ayaa inta badan waxay ku lug leedahay saddex marxaladood: macdanta, processing iyo pelletizing hawlaha. Kuwaas oo kala ah, processing hubisaa in fasalka bir ku filan iyo kimistari waxaa lagu gaarayaa ka hor stage pelletizing ah. Processing ka mid ah burburiyo, kala soocidda, qarameedka iyo ka-fiirsashada waxs kordhaya content bir ah, halka yareynta qadarka macdanta gangue [1-2]. deposit macdanta kasta wuxuu leeyahay dabeecadihiisa u gaarka ah marka la eego birta iyo gangue sita macdanta, oo sidaas daraaddeed waxay u baahan tahay farsamo-fiirsashada kala duwan [7].
separation magnetic waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa in beneficiation ee senti bir ah fasalka sare halkaas oo macdan badan ay bir yihiin Ferro oo paramagnetic [1,5]. Qoyan iyo qalalan low-xoogga-soociddiisa magnetic (Maccido) farsamooyinka waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo farsameeyo senti la guryaha magnetic xoog sida magnetite halka qoyan-xoojinta sare-soociddiisa magnetic waxaa loo isticmaalaa in la kala saaro macdanta Fe-dhalaya leh guryaha magnetic daciif ah sida hematite ka macdanta gangue. senti Iron goethite iyo limonite sida caadi ahaan laga helo tailings iyo ma kala aad u wanaagsan by farsamo midkood [1,5]. Hababka magnetic caqabadaha la joogo marka la eego awoodda ay u hooseeya iyo marka la eego shuruudaha loogu talagalay iron ore ay u noqon nugul beeraha magnetic [5].
sabeynta, dhanka kale, waxaa loo isticmaalaa si loo yareeyo content ee nijaasta ahaa in senti bir-fasalka hooseeyo [1-2,5]. senti Iron la isugu karaa by sabeynta anionic si toos ah oxides birta ama beddeli sabeynta cationic ee silica, Si kastaba ha ahaatee beddeli sabeynta cationic weli wadada sabeynta ee ugu caansan isticmaalaa in industry birta [5,7]. Isticmaalka sabeynta ee ay xadiday qiimaha reagents, joogitaanka silica iyo alumina-hodan slimes iyo jiritaanka macdanta carbonate [7-8]. Waxaa intaa dheer, sabeynta ee u baahan daaweynta biyaha wasakhda iyo isticmaalka dewatering geysto codsiyada final qalalan [1].
Isticmaalka sabeynta for fiirsashada bir ah ay sidoo kale ku lug leedahay desliming Dhalanteed ay goobjoog ka ahaayeen natiijada ganaaxa ku oolnimada hoos iyo kharashka reagent sare [5,7]. Desliming si gaar ah muhiim u ah ka saarida ee alumina sida kala-soocidda gibbsite ka hematite ama goethite by kasta wakiilada dusha-firfircoon waa kuwo ku adag [7]. Inta badan macdanta dhalista alumina dhacdaa kala duwan size qaadhaan ah (<20a) jidaynayey ay ka saarida dhex desliming. Guud ahaan, uruuray sare oo ganaax (<20a) iyo alumina kordhiyaa dose ururiyaha cationic loo baahan yahay iyo hoos u selectivity fideen [5,7].
Waxaa intaa dheer, the presence of carbonate minerals – such as in dolomitic itabirites- can also deteriorate flotation selectivity between iron minerals and quartz as iron ores containing carbonates such as dolomite do not float very selectively. Dissolved carbonates species adsorb on the quartz surfaces harming the selectivity of flotation [8]. Flotation can be reasonably effective in upgrading low-grade iron ores, but it is strongly dependent on the ore mineralogy [1-3,5]. Flotation of iron ores containing high alumina content will be possible via desliming at the expense of the overall iron recovery [7], while flotation of iron ores containing carbonate minerals will be challenging and possibly not feasible [8].
Modern processing circuits of Fe-bearing minerals may include both flotation and magnetic concentration steps [1,5]. Tusaale ahaan, magnetic concentration can be used on the fines stream from the desliming stage prior to flotation and on the flotation rejects. The incorporation of low and high intensity magnetic concentrators allows for an increase in the overall iron recovery in the processing circuit by recovering a fraction of the ferro and paramagnetic iron minerals such as magnetite and hematite [1]. Goethite is typically the main component of many iron plant reject streams due to its weak magnetic properties [9]. In the absence of further downstream processing for the reject streams from magnetic concentration and flotation, the fine rejects will end up disposed in a tailings dam [2]. Tailings disposal and processing have become crucial for environmental preservation and recovery of iron valuables, siday u kala horreeyaan, and therefore the processing of iron ore tailings in the mining industry has grown in importance [10].
Clearly, the processing of tailings from traditional iron beneficiation circuits and the processing of dolomitic itabirite is challenging via traditional desliming-flotation-magnetic concentration flowsheets due to their mineralogy and granulometry, and therefore alternative beneficiation technologies such as tribo-electrostatic separation which is less restrictive in terms of the ore mineralogy and that allows for the processing of fines may be of interest.
separation Tribo-electrostatic isticmaalaan kala duwan lacag korontada dhexeeya alaabta soo saaray xiriir dusha ama xukun triboelectric. Siyaabo sahlay, marka labada qalabka la xiriirto, the material with a higher affinity for electron gains electrons thus charges negative, halka waxyaabaha hoose buuna electron eedeeyo wanaagsan. mabda ', low-grade iron ore fines and dolomitic itabirites that are not processable by means of conventional flotation and/or magnetic separation could be upgraded by exploiting the differential charging property of their minerals [11].
Here we present STET tribo-electrostatic belt separation as a possible beneficiation route to concentrate ultrafine iron ore tailings and to beneficiate dolomitic itabirite mineral. The STET process provides the mineral processing industry with a unique water-free capability to process dry feed. The environmentally friendly process can eliminate the need for wet processing, downstream waste water treatment and required drying of final material. Intaa waxaa dheer, habka STET wuxuu u baahan yahay in yar oo pre-daweynta macdanta iyo shaqeeya ee awoodda sare - ilaa 40 metrik saacadiiba. isticmaalka tamarta yar tahay 2 kilowatt-saacadood ton ee wax baaraandegi.
qalabka
Laba senti bir-fasalka hooseeyo wanaagsan loo adeegsaday oo taxanahan ka mid ah imtixaanada. ore ugu horeeyay ee ka koobnayd ultrafine ah Fe tailings ore muunad la D50 ah 20 μm iyo saamiga labaad ee ah muunad iron ore itabirite la D50 ah 60 μm. Labada shay-baarka caqabadaha la joogo inta ay beneficiation oo aan la hufan baaraandegi karaa wareeggeedii fiirsashada desliming-sabeynta-magnetic dhaqanka sabab u tahay iyagoo granulometry iyo mineralogy. Labada shay-baarka ayaa laga helay hawlgallada macdanta ee Brazil.
saamiga hore waxaa laga helay ah circuit fiirsashada desliming-sabeynta-magnetic jira. Tijaabada waxaa loo soo ururiyey xidheenka tailings a, ka dibna la qalajiyey, homogenized oo buux-. saamiga labaad waa ka formation ah birta itabirite ee Brazil. Tijaabada waxaa loo nabareeyey iyo soocaa by size iyo jajabka ganaax ka marxalad kala soocidda ka helay ka dib maray dhowr marxaladood ee desliming ilaa D98 ah 150 μm ayaa lagu gaarey. Tijaabada waxaa ka dibna la qalajiyey, homogenized oo buux-.
size walxaha qaybinta (PSD) maaggan isticmaalaya diffraction laser analyzer size walxaha a, Malvern ee Mastersizer 3000 E. Labada shay-baarka ayaa sidoo kale lagu gartaa Loss-on-ka suuroggalaan(SHARCIGA), XRF iyo XRD. khasaaraha on suuroggalaan (SHARCIGA) la goostay by gelinayn 4 garaam oo muunad in a 1000 ºC foornada loogu talagalay 60 daqiiqo iyo ka warbixinta LOI ee ku salaysan sida helay. Falanqaynta Halabuurka kiimikada la dhameeyey iyadoo la isticmaalayo Milanello a dispersive Fluorescence X-ray (WD-XRF) qalab iyo crystalline ugu weyn ee wejiyada ayaa baaritaan ku farsamada XRD.
Halabuurka kiimikada iyo LOI waayo saamiga tailings (Tailings), iyo muunad bir itabirite formation (Itabirite), waxaa ku cad Shaxda 1 iyo size walxaha qaybinta labada baarka waxaa lagu muujiyey berdihii 1. Waayo, tailings ah muunad wejiyada recoverable ugu weyn Fe waa goethite iyo hematite, iyo macdanta weyn gangue waa quartz (berdaha 4). Waayo, saamiga itabirite wejiyada recoverable ugu weyn Fe waa hematite, iyo macdanta ugu weyn gangue waa quartz iyo dolomite (berdaha 4).
Miis 1. Result falanqaynta kiimikada xubno waaweyn ee tailings iyo baarka Itabirite.
| Sample | fasalka (WT%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe | SiO2 | Al2O3 | MnO | MgO | Cao | XEERKA ** | Qaar kale waxay | |
| Tailings | 30.3 | 47.4 | 4.3 | 1.0 | * | * | 3.4 | 13.4 |
| Itabirite | 47.6 | 23.0 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 4.0 | 21.0 |
Qaybinta Size walxaha
Methods
taxane ah oo tijaabo ah ayaa loogu talagalay si ay u baaraan saamaynta koobin kala duwan oo ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqa bir-baarka bir ah labadaba la isticmaalayo technology tribo-electrostatic lahaansho STET SEPARATOR suunka. Tijaabo ayaa la sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo kursiga keydka baaxad tribo-electrostatic SEPARATOR suunka a, Aakhiro gudbiyo sida 'SEPARATOR benchtop'. imtixaanka kursiga keydka-miisaanka waa wajiga hore ee geedi socodka a saddex waji technology fulinta (Eeg Shaxda 2) oo ay ku jiraan qiimaynta keydka baaxad, imtixaanka pilot-baaxadda iyo fulinta ganacsi oo baaxad. SEPARATOR benchtop Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu sameynayaa caddeynta xukun tribo-electrostatic iyo si loo ogaado haddii ay wax a uu yahay musharaxa wanaagsan beneficiation electrostatic. Faraqa ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya gabal kasta ee qalabka waxaa lagu soo bandhigay Shaxda 2. Iyada oo qalabka loo isticmaalo gudahood marxalad kasta kala duwan ee size, Mabda 'hawlgalka aasaas ahaan waa isku mid.
Miis 2. geedi socodka fulinta saddex waji oo isticmaalaya STET technology SEPARATOR suunka tribo-electrostatic
| Phase | loo isticmaalo: | koronto Cabirka (W x L) cm | nooca Geeddi-socodka / |
|---|---|---|---|
| Miisaanka kursiga keydka qiimeynta | Qualitative qiimeynta | 5*250 | Dufcaddii |
| Miisaanka pilot Tijaabinaya | taranta qiimeynta | 15*610 | Dufcaddii |
| ganacsiga Miisaanka hirgelinta | ganacsiga Production | 107 *610 | Sii socda |
STET Operation Mabda'a
Mabda'a hawlgalka SEPARATOR ku tiirsan xukun tribo-electrostatic. In SEPARATOR tribo-electrostatic suunka (tirokoobyada 2 iyo 3), wax la quudiyey galay farqiga u cidhiidhi ah 0.9 - 1.5 cm u dhexeeya labada electrodes planar isku midka ah. qayb ka yihiin triboelectrically eedeeyay by xiriir interparticle. The macdanta wanaagsan eedeeyay(s) iyo macdanta xun eedeeyay(s) waxaa soo jiitay in electrodes soo horjeeda. Inside qayb SEPARATOR waxaa xaaqan oo ay si joogto ah u dhaqaaqin suunka-mesh furan iyo gaadhsiiyey jiho ka soo horjeeda. Suunka laga sameeyey qalab caag ah oo guuro qayb ka ku xiga si ay koronto kasta xagga ugu shishaysa soo horjeeda ee SEPARATOR ah. counter socodka hadda ka mid ah qayb ka kala oo xukun triboelectric joogtada ah by shilalka walxaha-walxaha siinayaa kala multistage iyo natiijooyinka ka khayroon daahirnimo fiican iyo soo kabashada ee unit-hal baas. The technology SEPARATOR suunka triboelectric ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu kala tiro balaadhan oo ah qalabka ay ka mid yihiin isku mid ah aluminosilicates madxafka / carbon (duuli ash), calcite / quartz, Rusheyn kartaa / magnesite, iyo barite / quartz.
Guud ahaan, design SEPARATOR waa mid yara fudud oo suun oo la xiriira rollers sida meelaha kaliya ee uusan u dhaqaaqin. electrodes waa taagan oo ka kooban qalab ah oo ku haboon raagaya. dhererka koronto SEPARATOR waa qiyaastii 6 mitir (20 ft.) iyo width ah 1.25 mitir (4 ft.) for size buuxa unugyada ganacsi. The xawaaraha suunka sare awood throughputs mid aad u sarreeya, ilaa 40 tons saacaddiiba mudo ah size buuxa unugyada ganacsi. isticmaalka Awooda waa in ka yar 2 kilowatt-saacadood ton ee wax baaraandegi leh ugu xoogga baabbi'iyey laba matoorrada wadista suunka.
Schematic of SEPARATOR suunka triboelectric
Detail ee zone-soociddiisa
Sida laga arki karo in Table 2, farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya SEPARATOR benchtop iyo pilot-baaxadda iyo separators ganacsi baaxad waa in dhererka SEPARATOR benchtop waa qiyaastii 0.4 jeer dhererka unugyada pilot-baaxadda iyo ganacsi oo baaxad. Sida oolnimada SEPARATOR waa shaqo ah oo dhererkeedu yahay koronto ah, imtixaanka kursiga keydka-miisaanka ma loo isticmaali karaa bedel imtixaanka pilot-baaxadda. imtixaanka Pilot-qiyaasta loo baahan yahay si loo ogaado inta uu la egyahay-soociddiisa oo ah in geeddi-socodka STET wuxuu gaadhi karaa, iyo si loo ogaado haddii habka STET kulmi kartaa bartilmaameedyada sheyga hoos heerka feed siiyey. halkii, SEPARATOR benchtop loo isticmaalo inuu meesha ka saaro waxyaabaha musharax in ay yihiin lagama yaabo in ay muujiyaan wax-soociddiisa oo muhiim ah heer pilot-iskeelka. Natiijooyinka helay on the keydka baaxad la non-filaayo doonaa, iyo kala arkay ka yar tahay taas oo laga dheehan lahaa on a SEPARATOR STET xajmi ganacsi.
Baarista ee warshad duuliyaha lagama maarmaan ah ka hor inta qiyaasta ganacsi geeyo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, imtixaanka ee keydka baaxad waxaa lagu dhiirigelinayaa sidii wajiga hore ee geedi socodka fulinta ee wax kasta oo la siiyo. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, xaaladaha kuwaas oo la heli karo wax ku xaddidan, SEPARATOR benchtop waxay siisaa qalab waxtar u leh baaritaanka mashaariic ka iman kara guul (i.e., mashruuc kaas oo macaamiisha iyo warshadaha bartilmaameedyada tayada la kulmay karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo technology STET).
imtixaanka kursiga keydka-baaxadda
tijaabooyin habka Standard ayaa la sameeyey agagaarka goolka gaar ah si loo kordhiyo fiirsashada Fe iyo in la yareeyo tirada macdanta gangue. doorsoomayaasha kala duwan ayaa la sahamiyey si loo kordhiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa bir ah iyo si loo ogaado jihada dhaqdhaqaaqa ee macdanta kala duwan. jihada dhaqdhaqaaqa arkay inta lagu jiro baaritaanka benchtop waa muujinaysaa dhinaca dhaqdhaqaaqa at dhirta pilot iyo baaxadda ganacsiga.
doorsoomayaasha The baaray waxaa ka mid ah qoyaan qaraabo (RH), heerkulka, polarity koronto, xawaaraha suunka iyo danab la dabaqay. Kuwaas oo kala ah, RH iyo heerkulka oo keliya ku yeelan karaan saamayn weyn ku kala duwan tribo-xukun oo sidaas daraaddeed natiijada soociddiisa. Sidaa awgeed, si mug leh xaaladaha RH iyo heerkulka ayaa lagu go'aamiyey hor baaritaan saamaynta ka mid ah doorsoomayaasha haray. Laba heer polarity ayaa sahamiyey: i) polarity top koronto wanaagsan oo ii) koronto top negative polarity. Waayo, SEPARATOR ku STET, hoos heshiis polarity siiyey oo ku hoos jira xaalad RH iyo heerkulka si mug leh, xawaaraha suunka waa riixo gacanta ku aasaasiga ah ee fiican fasalka wax soo saarka iyo dib u soo kabashada mass. Imtixaanka on SEPARATOR kursiga keydka ka caawisaa iftiin Hoosada on saamaynta doorsoomayaasha hawl gaar ah oo ku saabsan xukun tribo-electrostatic tusaale ahaan macdanta siiyey, oo sidaas daraaddeed helay natiijada iyo isbeddellada loo isticmaali karaa, in degree qaar, oo ay hoos u soo koobto tirada doorsoomayaasha iyo tijaabooyinka in la sameeyo miisaanka warshadda duuliyaha. Miis 3 liisaska kala duwan ee xaaladaha soociddiisa loo isticmaalaa sida qayb ka mid ah wajiga 1 geeddi-socodka qiimeynta ee tailings iyo baarka itabirite.
Miis 3 taxayaa kala duwan ee xaaladaha soociddiisa
| Halbeegga | Halbeegyada | Range of Qiimayaasha | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailings | Itabirite | ||
| top koronto Polarity | - | positive- xun | positive- xun |
| danab koronto | -kV / + kV | 4-5 | 4-5 |
| Feed Qaraabo huurka (RH) | % | 1-30.7 | 2-39.6 |
| Heerkulka feed | ° F (° C) | 71-90 (21.7-32.2) | 70-87 (21.1-30.6) |
| Belt Speed | Fps (m / s) | 10-45 (3.0-13.7) | 10-45 (3.0-13.7) |
| koronto Faraqa | inji (mm) | 0.400 (10.2 mm) | 0.400 (10.2 mm) |
Baaritaano ayaa la sameeyey on SEPARATOR benchtop ku hoos jira xaalad Dufcaddii, la-baarka feed of 1.5 lbs. imtixaanka. baxsad A radi isticmaalaya 1 LB. ee wax la soo bandhigay ee u dhexeeya baaritaano si loo hubiyo in wax kasta oo saamayn firi suurto gal ka xaalad hore loo aqoonsaday. Ka hor inta imtixaanka waxaa bilaabay wax ahaa homogenized iyo bacaha saamiga ay ku jiraan baxsad iyo wax radi labadaba la diyaariyay. Bilowga tijaabo kasta heerkulka iyo huurka qaraabo (RH) waxaa qiyaasay isticmaalaya gacanta lagu Vaisala HM41 Uumi iyo Heerkulka baaritaan. kala duwan ee heerkulka iyo RH dhamaan tijaabo ahaa 70-90 ° F (21.1-32.2 (° C) iyo 1-39.6%, siday u kala horreeyaan. Si ay u tijaabiso RH hoose iyo / ama heerkulka sare, feed iyo radi baarka hayay oo foorno lagu qalajiyo ka dhacay 100 ° C for jeer u dhexeeya 30-60 daqiiqo. Marka la barbardhigo, sare qiimaha RH ayaa gaadhin by daray tiro yar oo biyo ah si ay wax ka, raacay by homogenization. Ka dib markii RH iyo heerkulka ayaa lagu qiyaasay on muunad feed kasta, tallaabada xigta waxay ahayd si ay u dejiyaan polarity koronto, xawaaraha suunka iyo danab heerka la doonayo. qiimaha Faraqa hayay daa'ima 0.4 inches (10.2 mm) inta lagu guda jiro ololayaasha imtixaanka ee tailings iyo baarka itabirite ah.
Ka hor inta aan imtixaan kasta, yar oo feed sub-saamiga ay ku jiraan ku dhowaad 20g la ururiyey (qoondeeyey sida 'Feed'). Marka dejinta oo dhan doorsoomayaasha hawlgalka, wax la quudiyey galay SEPARATOR benchtop isticmaalaya ah la shekeysan vibratory korontada iyada oo xarunta of SEPARATOR benchtop ah. Muunado ayaa la soo ururiyay dhamaadka tijaabo kasta oo miisaanka oo dhamaadka wax soo saarka 1 (qoondeeyey sida 'E1') iyo dhamaadka wax soo saarka 2 (qoondeeyey sida 'E2') maaggan adeegsanaya qiyaasta ah tirinta sharci-for-ganacsiga. Ka dib markii imtixaan kasta, -Baarka sub yar oo ay ku jiraan ku dhowaad 20 g of E1 iyo E2 ayaa sidoo kale soo ururiyay. soosaarkooda Mass in E1 iyo E2 waxa lagu sharaxay by:
halkaas ooOoE1 iyo OoE2 waa wax-soosaarkooda mass in E1 iyo E2 ah, siday u kala horreeyaan; oo waa miisaanka saamiga laga soo ururiyey si ay wax soo saarka SEPARATOR E1 iyo E2, siday u kala horreeyaan. Waayo-baarka, Fe fiirsashada waxa uu kordhay in E2 wax soo saarka.
Wixii kasta ee-baarka sub (i.e., feed, E1 iyo E2) LOI iyo oxides ugu weyn ee ka kooban by XRF maagganaa. Fe2 The3 waxyaabaha maaggan ka qiyamka. Waayo, tailings ku LOI muunad si toos ah ula xiriiraan doonaa to content ee goethite ee saamiga sida kooxaha hydroxyl functional in goethite oxidize doonaa H2 Theg [10]. Hase yeshe,, waayo, LOI ah muunad itabirite si toos ah ula xiriiraan doonaan in ay ka kooban of carbonates tijaabada, sida calcium iyo magnesium carbonates cawisa doonaa oxides ugu weyn ee ay keentay in la sii daayo CO2g iyo muunad isku xig xiga sub miisaanka oo yaraada. kuul XRF la diyaariyay ku khalda 0.6 garaam oo muunad macdanta la 5.4 garaam oo tetraborate lithium, kaas oo la xulay ee ka kooban kiimikada ee tailings iyo baarka itabirite labada. Falanqaynta XRF ayaa caadi for LOI.
Ugu dambeyntii, kabashada Fe EFe in wax soo saarka (E2) iyo SiO2 diidmada Siyo ayaa loo xisaabinayaa. EFe waa boqolleyda Fe soo kabsaday in shancosbitaal ah in ee tusaalaha ah feed asalka ah iyo Ssio2 waa boqolleyda laga saaray tijaabada feed asalka ah. EFe iyo Siyo waxa lagu sharaxay by:
halkaas oo Ci,(feed,E1, E2) waa boqolleyda fiirsashada caadi for qayb i soo-muunad sub ee (tusaale ahaan., Fe, sio2)
Muunado Mineralogy
Habku XRD muujinaya marxaladaha macdanta waaweyn ee tailings iyo baarka itabirite waxaa lagu muujiyey berdihii 4. Waayo, tailings ah muunad wejiyada recoverable ugu weyn Fe waa goethite, hematite iyo magnetite, iyo macdanta weyn gangue waa quartz (berdaha 4). Waayo, saamiga itabirite wejiyada recoverable ugu weyn Fe waa hematite iyo magnetite iyo macdanta ugu weyn gangue waa quartz iyo dolomite. Magnetite u muuqataa in ay isugu soo urureen raad labada baarka. hematite saafi ah, goethite, iyo magnetite ku jira 69.94%, 62.85%, 72.36% Fe, siday u kala horreeyaan.
nidaamyada D. A - Tailings muunad, B - muunad Itabirite
tijaabo kursiga keydka-baaxadda
taxane ah oo orod imtixaanka ayaa la sameeyey oo ku saabsan saamiga kasta macdanta loogu talagalay fidinta Fe oo hoos SiO2 content. Species xoogga si E1 noqon doonaa muujinaysaa dabeecadda xukun negative halka fiirsashada noocyada in E2 dhaqanka ah xukun wanaagsan. xawaare sare suunka ahaayeen wanaagsan inaad nidaaminta ee tusaalaha ah tailings; si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamaynta variable taas keliya ayaa la arkay in ay ahmiyad yarayn saamiga itabirite.
Natiijooyinka caadiga ah ee tailings iyo baarka itabirite waxaa lagu soo bandhigay in berdihii 5, kaas oo la xisaabiyaa 6 iyo 4 tijaabooyinka, siday u kala horreeyaan. berdaha 5 bandhigaysaa dhalidda mass celcelis ahaan iyo kimistari for feed iyo waxyaabaha E1 iyo E2. Intaa waxaa dheer, goob kasta bandhigaysaa horumar ama hoos u dhac ku fiirsashada (E2- feed) waayo, qayb kasta muunad tus, Fe, SiO2 qiyamka wanaagsan la xidhiidha in la kordhiyo fiirsashada si E2, halka qiimaha negative la xidhiidha in hoos u dhac in fiirsashada si E2.
Fig.5. soosaarkooda mass Celceliska iyo kimistari for Feed, E1 iyo E2 alaabta. baararka Error matalaan 95% dura kalsoonida.
Waayo, saamiga tailings content Fe waxa uu kordhay ka 29.89% si ay u 53.75%, celcelis ahaan, at dhalidda a mass OoE2 - ama dib u soo kabashada mass caalamka – of 23.30%. Taasi waxay u dhigantaa in ay dib u soo kabashada Fe ( iyo diidmada silica (SE2 ) qiyamka 44.17% iyo 95.44%, siday u kala horreeyaan. content LOI ayaa waxaa kor u kacay ka 3.66% si ay u 5.62% taas oo muujinaysaa in kororka content Fe la xiriira in la kordhiyo content goethite (berdaha 5).
Waayo, saamiga itabirite content Fe waxa uu kordhay ka 47.68% si ay u 57.62%, celcelis ahaan, at dhalidda a mass OoE2 -of 65.0%. Taasi waxay u dhigantaa in ay dib u soo kabashada Fe EFe( iyo diidmada silica (Ssio2) qiyamka 82.95% iyo 86.53%, siday u kala horreeyaan. LOI The, waxyaabaha MgO iyo Cao way sii kordheen ka 4.06% si ay u 5.72%, 1.46 si ay u 1.87% iyo ka 2.21 si ay u 3.16%, siday u kala horreeyaan, taas oo muujinaysaa in dolomite u guurayaan dhinaca la mid ah sida macdanta Fe-dhalista (berdaha 5).
Waayo-baarka,AL2 The3 , MnO iyo P u muuqdaan in ay ku amraya in jihada la mid ah sida macdanta Fe-dhalista (berdaha 5). Inkastoo la doonayo inuu hoos-fiirsashada oo ka mid ah saddex nooc oo, fiirsashada isku dhafan ee SiO2, AL2 , The3 , OoE2 MnO iyo P hoos labada baarka, oo sidaas daraaddeed saameynta guud gaari isticmaalaya SEPARATOR benchtop waa horumarinta ah ee fasalka saarka Fe iyo hoos u dhac in fiirsashada sunta.
Guud ahaan, imtixaanka benchtop muujiyeen caddayn xukun iyo kala qayb bir iyo silica wax ku ool ah. The balanqaaday natiijada qiyaasta shaybaarka soo jeedinaya in baaritaano baaxad pilot oo ay ku jiraan baas koowaad iyo labaad waa in la sameeyaa.
Dood
Xogta tijaabo ah oo muujinaysa in ay SEPARATOR ku STET keentay koror muhiim ah content Fe iyadoo isla yaraynta SiO2 content.
Isagoo muujiyay in separation triboelectrostatic waxay keeni kartaa in koror weyn oo content Fe, dood ku saabsan muhiimadda ay natiijada, on waxyaabaha Fe gaari ugu badnaan iyo shuruudaha feed of technology ee loo baahan yahay.
Si aad u bilowdo, waxaa muhiim ah si ay ugala hadlaan habdhaqanka xukun cad ee noocyada macdanta labada baarka. Waayo, tailings ah muunad qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ahaayeen oxides Fe oo quartz iyo natiijada tijaabada muujiyeen in oxides Fe ku urursan in E2 halka quartz ku urursan in E1. Siyaabo sahlay, waxaa la sheegay in laga yaabo in qayb ka xabagta Fe helay lacag fiican iyo in qayb ka quartz helay amar diidmo ah. Habdhaqankan waa waafaqsan nooca triboelectrostatic labada macdanta sida lagu muujiyey by Ferguson (2010) [12]. Miis 4 muujinaysaa taxanaha muuqata triboelectric macdanta soo xulay oo ku salaysan kala go'a yeelista, iyo waxa uu muujinayaa in quartz waxa uu ku yaalaa hoose ee taxanaha xukun halka goethite ah, magnetite iyo hematite ku yaalaan sare ee taxanahan. Macdanta sare ee taxanaha ah waxay doonaan in ay ka qaadaan wanaagsan, halka macdanta hoose waxay doonaan si ay u bartaan amar diidmo ah.
Dhanka kale, waayo, saamiga itabirite qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ahaayeen hematite, quartz iyo dolomite iyo natiijada tijaabada tilmaamay in oxides Fe oo dolomite ku urursan in E2 halka quartz ku urursan in E1. Tani waxay muujinaysaa in qayb ka hematite iyo dolomite helay lacag fiican, halka qayb ka quartz helay amar diidmo ah. Sida laga arki karo in Table 4, carbonates ku yaalaan sare ee taxanaha tribo-electrostatic ah, taas oo muujinaysaa in qayb ka carbonate u muuqdaan in ay helaan lacag fiican, iyo natiijo si la isugu inay E2. dolomite iyo hematite Labada ayaa ku urursan oo isku jiho ah, oo tilmaamaysa in saamaynta guud ee Qurub hematite in joogitaanka quartz iyo dolomite ahaa si ay u bartaan lacag fiican.
jihada dhaqdhaqaaqa oo ka mid ah noocyada mineralogical sambalka kasta waa dan muhiim, sida loo ogaado fasalka Fe ugu guuleysan in laga heli karaa iyadoo qofka la pass hal isticmaalayo technology tribo-electrostatic SEPARATOR suunka.
Waayo, tailings iyo baarka itabirite ah content Fe gaari ugu badnaan waxaa go'aamin doona saddex arrimood: i) Inta ay Fe ee macdanta Fe-dhalista; ii) quartz ugu yar (SiO2 ) content in lagu gaadhi karo iyo; iii) Tirada sunta dhaqaaqin sida macdanta Fe-dhalista oo isku jiho ah. Waayo, tailings ah muunad ah sunta ugu weyn socdaan jiho isku mid ah Fe-sita macdan yihiin Al2 The3 MnO macdanta sita, halka saamiga itabirite ah sunta ugu weyn tahay Cao MgO Al2 The3 macdanta sita.
| macdanta Name | Charge helay (muuqata) |
|---|---|
| Apatite | +++++++ |
| Carbonates | ++++ |
| Monazite | ++++ |
| Titanomagnetite | . |
| macdanta ilmenayt | . |
| Rutile | . |
| Leucoxene | . |
| Magnetite / hematite | . |
| Spinels | . |
| Garnet | . |
| Staurolite | - |
| macdanta ilmenayt doorsoon | - |
| Goethite | - |
| Zircon | -- |
| Epidote | -- |
| Tremolite | -- |
| silicates Hydrous | -- |
| Aluminosilicates | -- |
| Tourmaline | -- |
| Actinolite | -- |
| Pyroxene | --- |
| Titanite | ---- |
| Feldspar | ---- |
| quartz | ------- |
Miis 4. taxane muuqata triboelectric macdanta soo xulay oo ku salaysan kala go'a yeelista. Wax kabadal ka D.N Ferguson (2010) [12].
Waayo, saamiga tailings, content Fe la qiyaasay at 29.89%. data XRD muujinaysaa in wajiga dega waa goethite, raacay by hematite, oo sidaas daraaddeed content Fe gaari ugu badnaan haddii kala nadiif ahaa suurto gal noqon doono inta u dhaxaysa 62.85% iyo 69.94% (kuwaas oo ka kooban Fe ee goethite saafi ah iyo hematite, siday u kala horreeyaan). Hadda, separation nadiif ah suurtogal ma aha sida Al2, The3 MnO iyo macdan P-sita usoconaa jihada la mid ah sida macdanta Fe-sita, oo sidaas daraaddeed kasta oo ku kordha content Fe sidoo kale waxay keeni doontaa in la kordhiyo sunta, kuwaas oo. Markaasuu, in la kordhiyo content Fe ah, xaddiga quartz in E2 u baahan doontaa inaad si weyn hoos u barta waxaa lagu bedello dhaqdhaqaaqa , MnO iyo P in wax soo saarka (E2). Sida ku cad Shaxda 4, quartz uu leeyahay u janjeera oo xoog leh si ay u bartaan amar diidmo ah, oo sidaas daraaddeed ay ka maqan yihiin macdano kale isagoo ah dhaqanka xukun negative muuqata waxa ay noqon doontaa suurto gal ah in aad u yaraado ay ka kooban tahay in ay wax soo saarka (E2) taasi oo ka pass ugu horeysay la isticmaalayo technology SEPARATOR suunka triboelectrostatic.
Tusaale ahaan, haddii aynu ka fikirno in dhammaan content Fe ee tijaabada tailings waxa uu la xidhiidhaa in goethite (Feo(OH)), iyo in oxides gangue kaliya waa SiO2, Al2The3 iyo MnO, markaas Fe content in wax soo saarka la siin lahaa by:
Fe(%)=(100-SiO2 – (Al2 The3 + MnO*0.6285
halkaas oo, 0.6285 waa boqolleyda Fe ee goethite saafi ah. Eq.4 gaysteen hab ay ku tartamayaan in meel in ay xooga saarto sidii Fe AL2The3 + MnO kordhiyaa halka SiO2 hoos.
Waayo, saamiga itabirite content Fe la qiyaasay at 47.68%. data XRD muujinaysaa in wajiga dega waa hematite oo sidaas daraaddeed gaari content ugu Fe haddii kala nadiif ahaa suurto gal u noqon lahaa meel u dhow 69.94% (taas oo ah content Fe ee hematite saafi ah). Sida laga wada hadlay, waayo, tailings ah muunad kala nadiif ah Suurtogal ma noqon doono sidii Cao, MgO, Al2 The3 macdanta sita usoconaa jihada la mid ah sida hematite, oo sidaas daraaddeed si loo kordhiyo content Fe SiO2 content waa in la dhimay. Haddii loo maleeyo in guud ahaanteed ee content Fe ee saamiga uu la xidhiidho si hematite (Fe2The3) iyo in oxides oo kaliya ku jira macdan gangue yihiin SiO2, Cao, MgO, Al2The3 iyo MnO; markaas content Fe ee wax soo saarka la siin lahaa by:
Fe(%)=(100-SiO2-Cao + MgO +Al2The3+MnO+SHARCIGA*0.6994
halkaas oo, 0.6994 waa boqolleyda Fe ee hematite saafi ah. Waa in la ogaado in Eq.5 ka mid ah LOI, halka Eq.4 ma. Waayo, saamiga itabirite, LOI la xidhiidha in joogitaanka carbonates halka saamiga tailings waxaa la xiriira in ay macdan Fe-sita.
cad, waayo, tailings iyo baarka itabirite labadaba waxaa suurtagal ah in si weyn loo kordhiyo content Fe ah by yaraynta content ee SiO2; si kastaba ha ahaatee, sida ku cad Eq.4 iyo Eq.5, ee content Fe gaari ugu badnaan la xadidaa, waxaana ay dhinaca dhaqdhaqaaqa iyo ka-fiirsashada ee oxides la xidhiidha in macdanta gangue.
mabda ', fiirsashada of Fe labada shay-baarka la sii kordhay karaan hab pass labaad on SEPARATOR ku STET taas oo Cao,MgO Al2 The3 iyo MnOmacdanta sita oo kala duwan ayaa laga yaabaa inuu ka soo macdanta Fe-sita. separation noocan oo kale ah uu noqon doono in haddii of quartz ugu saamiga laga saaray inta lagu guda jiro pass ugu horeysay. Maqnaanshaha quartz, qaar ka mid ah macdanta gangue haray waa mas'uul aragtida dhinaca ka soo horjeeda ee goethite, hematite iyo magnetite, taas oo keeni lahaa in kor u kacay content Fe. Tusaale ahaan, waayo, saamiga itabirite oo ku salaysan in meesha uu dolomite iyo hematite ee taxanahan triboelectrostatic (Eeg Shaxda 4), separation dolomite / hematite waa in ay suurtagal tahay sidii dolomite uu leeyahay u janjeera xoog leh ka qaadaan wanaagsan ee la xiriirta hematite.
Isagoo hadlay ka kooban Fe gaari ugu badnaan dood ku saabsan shuruudaha feed ee technology ah ayaa loo baahan yahay. The SEPARATOR suunka STET tribo-electrostatic u baahan tahay qalab feed in ay noqon dhul engegan oo jar. Aad u yar oo qoyaan ku yeelan karaan saamayn weyn ku kala duwan tribo-xukun oo sidaas daraaddeed qoyaan feed waa in la hoos u <0.5 wt.%. Intaa waxaa dheer, the feed material should be ground sufficiently fine to liberate gangue materials and should be at least 100% passing mesh 30 (600 a). At least for the tailings sample, the material would have to be dewatered followed by a thermal drying stage, while for the itabirite sample grinding coupled with, or follow by, thermal drying would be necessary prior to beneficiation with the STET separator.
The tailings sample was obtained from an existing desliming-flotation-magnetic concentration circuit and collected directly from a tailings dam. Typical paste moistures from tailings should be around 20-30% and therefore the tailings would need to be dried by means of liquid-solid separation (dewatering) followed by thermal drying and deagglomeration. The use of mechanical dewatering prior to drying is encouraged as mechanical methods have relative low energy consumption per unit of liquid removed in comparison to thermal methods. About 9.05 Btu are required per pound of water eliminated by means of filtration while thermal drying, dhanka kale, requires around 1800 Btu per pound of water evaporated [13]. The costs associated with the processing of iron tailings will ultimately depend on the minimum achievable moisture during dewatering and on the energetic costs associated with drying.
The itabirite sample was obtained directly from an itabirite iron formation and therefore to process this sample the material would need to undergo crushing and milling followed by thermal drying and deagglomeration. One possible option is the use of hot air swept roller mills, in which dual grinding and drying could be achieved in a single step. The costs associated with the processing of itabirite ore will depend on the feed moisture, feed granulometry and on the energetic costs associated to milling and drying.
For both samples deagglomeration is necessary after the material have been dried to ensure particles are liberated from one another. Deagglomeration can be performed in conjunction to the thermal drying stage, allowing for efficient heat transfer and energy savings.
Natiijada kursiga keydka-baaxadda soo bandhigay halkan muujinaysaa caddayn xooggan oo ku amraya oo kala macdanta Fe-dhalista ka quartz isticmaalaya-soociddiisa suunka triboelectrostatic.
Waayo, saamiga tailings content Fe waxa uu kordhay ka 29.89% si ay u 53.75%, celcelis ahaan, at dhalidda a mass of 23.30%, taas oo u dhiganta Fe soo kabashada iyo diidmada silica qiyamka 44.17% iyo 95.44%, siday u kala horreeyaan. Waayo, saamiga itabirite content Fe waxa uu kordhay ka 47.68 % si ay u 57.62%, celcelis ahaan, at dhalidda a mass of 65.0%, taas oo u dhiganta Fe soo kabashada iyo diidmada silica qiyamka 82.95% iyo 86.53%, siday u kala horreeyaan. Natiijooyinkaasi waxay la dhammeeyo on SEPARATOR ah in ka yar iyo wax ka yar ku ool ah ka badan SEPARATOR ku STET ganacsi.
Natiijooyinka tijaabo ah ayaa tilmaamaya in labada tailings iyo baarka itabirite ah content Fe gaari ugu badan ku xirnaan doontaa content quartz gaari ugu yar. Intaa waxaa dheer, gaadho fasalada sare Fe waxaa laga yaabaa in ay suurtogal tahay taasi oo ka pass labaad on SEPARATOR suunka STET ah.
Natiijada daraasaddan muujiyeen in ganaax iron ore-fasalka hooseeyo la casriyeeyay karaa iyadoo qofka la SEPARATOR suunka STET tribo-electrostatic. shaqo dheeraad ah ee miisaanka warshadda duuliyaha lagu talinayaa si loo ogaado fasalka shancosbitaal birta iyo soo kabashada in lagu gaari karaa. Iyada oo ku saleysan waayo-aragnimo, dib u soo kabashada soo saarka iyo / ama fasalka si weyn u hagaajin doonaa tijaabo processing qiyaasta, marka la barbar dhigo qalabka imtixaanka kursiga keydka-baaxadda faa'iideysan inta lagu guda jiro kuwaas oo ahaa jirrabyadii iron ore. Geedi socodka STET tribo-electrostatic-soociddiisa oo laga yaabaa inay bixiyaan faa'iidooyin la taaban karo ka badan hababka processing caadiga ganaaxa iron ore.
