Electrostatic Beneficiation na Phosphate Ores: Review of Past Aiki da Tattaunawa da wani improvised Rabuwa System

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Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

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3rd International Taro kan Innovation da Technology a Phosphate Industry

Electrostatic beneficiation na phosphate ores: Review of baya aiki

da kuma tattaunawa da inganta rabuwa tsarin

J.D. Bittnerwani, S.A.Gasiorowskiwani, F.J.Hrachwani, H. Guicherdb *

waniST Equiment da Technology LLC, Needham, Massachusetts, USA

bST Boats & Technology LLC, Avignon, Faransa

Tsokaci

Beneficiation na phosphate ores ta bushe electrostatic matakai da aka yunkurin da daban-daban masu bincike tun lokacin da 1940 ta. Muhimmi dalilai domin raya bushe matakai domin phosphate dawo ne da iyaka adadin ruwa a wasu yankunan m, da flotation sinadaran halin kaka, da ruwa mai guba da magani halin kaka. Duk da yake electrostatic matakai na iya ba samar da wani cikakken madadin zuwa flotation, shi yana iya zama ya dace a matsayin kari ga wasu qarqashinsu kamar rage tarar / slimes abun ciki na tama kafin flotation, aiki na flotation tailings domin dawo da bata samfurin, kuma minimizing muhalli tasirin. Duk da yake da yawa aikin da aka yi amfani da duka biyu high tashin hankali abin nadi da kuma freefall separators a dakin gwaje-gwaje Sikeli, kadai shaidar kasuwanci kafuwa ne circa 1940 "Johnson" tsari a Pierce Mine FL; Babu wani abin shaida a wallafe-wallafen na yanzu kasuwanci amfani da electrostatics, ko karfi da sha'awa a bushe matakai ci gaba don amfani a yankunan m. A daban-daban da bincike ayyukan ruwaito jaddada cewa feed shiri (da zazzabi, size rarrabuwa, motsa jiki jamiái) da manyan tasiri a kan wasan kwaikwayon. Duk da yake wasu kyau separations aka samu ta hanyar cire silica daga phosphates, kuma tare da m misalai na calcite da dolomite daga phosphate, sakamakon ne kasa m lokacin da mahara impurities ne ba. Research aiki ya ci gaba da kara tata wadannan hanyoyi, amma da muhimman hakkokin gazawa a kan al'ada electrostatic tsarin hada da low damar, da bukatar mahara matakai domin isassun da haɓaka na tama, da kuma na sarrafawa matsaloli sa da tara,. Wasu daga cikin wadannan gazawar iya cin nasara da ta sabo-sabo electrostatic matakai ciki har da wani triboelectric bel SEPARATOR.

© 2015 A Authors. Published by elsevier Ltd.

Peer-review a karkashin nauyin da Scientific kwamitin SYMPHOS 2015.

keywords: phosphate, electrostatic; rabuwa; ma'adanai; lafiya barbashi; bushe tsari

*daidai Author: Tel: +33-4-8912-0306 E-mail adireshin: guicherdh@steqtech.com

1877-7058 © 2015 A Authors. Published by elsevier Ltd.

Peer-review a karkashin nauyin da Scientific kwamitin SYMPHOS 2015.

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

1. Ruwaito aiki a kan electrostatic beneficiation na phosphate ores

Phosphate taro daga halitta ores ya dade da aka yi da dama hanyoyin amfani da wani lokacin gwaji yawa na ruwa. Duk da haka, saboda da karancin ruwa a daban-daban phosphate adibas duniya, kazalika da kara halin kaka na bayar da izni da kuma ruwa mai guba magani, ci gaban da wani tasiri, tattalin arziki da bushe tsari ne mai matuƙar kyawawa.

Hanyar for bushe electrostatic aiki na phosphate ores aka samarwa da kuma nuna a kananan Sikeli kan 70 shekaru. Duk da haka, kasuwanci aikace-aikace na wadannan hanyoyi da aka sosai iyakance. The "Johnson aiwatar" [1] aka yi amfani da kudi fara a 1938 na tsawon lokaci a Amirka aikin gona Chemical Company shuka kusa Pierce Florida USA. Wannan tsari ya yi amfani da sosai hadaddun jerin nadi wayoyin (Figure 1) domin Multi mataki taro na phosphate dawo daga deslimed washery tailings, flotation pre-fi mai da hankali, ko flotation tailings. An fara tare da 15.4% P2A5 da kuma 57.3% insoluble abu a cikin lafiya tailings, ta hade da size rarrabuwa, desliming, kuma preconditioning na bushe tailings, da kayan da 33.7% P2A5 kuma kawai 6.2% insoluble aka gano. A wani misali, da haɓaka na flotation tailings tare da 2.91% P2A5 sa a cikin wani samfurin na 26.7% P2A5 tare da wani 80% dawo da. Johnson ya lura cewa ya zama dole su bi da washery tailings tare da sinadaran reagents yawanci amfani a phosphate flotation to sami high phosphate sa da kuma dawo da. Ya musamman ambaci tasiri na man fetur da man fetur da kuma m acid a matsayin reagents.

Figure 1, Johnson aiwatar na'ura kuma ya kwarara takardar Amurka Patent 2,135,716 da kuma 2,197,865, 1940 [1][2]

Duk da yake wannan ciniki shigarwa an kawo sunayensu a cikin wallafe-wallafe kamar yadda ya fara game da 1938, shi ne ba a bayyana yadda baje ko ga tsawon lokacin da wannan tsari da aka yi amfani da. A takaice daga cikin matsayi na electrostatic separations har zuwa 1961, A. C. Ralston

[3]ya rubuta cewa biyar manyan Johnson separators aka shigar kowane aiki game da 10 ton / hr na -20 raga abinci. Kowane SEPARATOR ya 10 rolls high tare da amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na 20 KV. Babu sauran kasuwanci sikelin-phosphate concentrators amfani electrostatics aka shigar a Florida bisa ga Ralston. Bisa ga tsari kayan aiki description, da mawallafa

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

sun ƙarasa da cewa overall damar aiwatar da aka wajen low dangane da damar da wasu matakai, kamar rigar flotation. Low iya aiki da kuma halin kaka na bushewa da abinci tama daga rigar hakar ma'adinai a Florida ne m dalilin iyakance kara aikace-aikace na aiwatar a cikin 1940s kuma 1950s.

A cikin 1950 ta kuma 1960 ta ma'aikata for International ma'adanai & Chemicals Corporation (IMC) yayi nazari da aikace-aikace na bushe electrostatic rabuwa matakai domin ma'adinai beneficiation. Floridian phosphate tama aiki ya na musamman sha'awa to IMC. A IMC aikin amfani da free fall SEPARATOR zane wani lokacin tare da barbashi caji inganta ta wucewa ta hanyar wani agitator ko impactor kamar guduma, ko sanda niƙa. [4] A m patent [5] hada da wasu kayan haɓɓaka aiki na rabuwa ta amfani da caja a na daban-daban kayan, ko da karshe lamban kira a cikin jerin

[6]ƙarasa da cewa barbashi lamba caji a wani dagagge zafin jiki (>70° F) ya fi tasiri fiye da yin amfani da caja tsarin. Wakilin misalai na da sakamakon ruwaito a cikin wadannan fasahohi suna nuna a Table 1.

Table 1. Ruwaito sakamakon daga International ma'adanai & Chemicals lambobin kira 1955-1965

A daban-daban IMC patents nazari rinjayar barbashi size, ciki har da aiki na daban-daban allo cuts da kansa, ko kadan aikin hannu sosai lafiya (<45 μm) barbashi. Samfurin motsa jiki bambanta yadu, ciki har da yawan zafin jiki gyara, pre wanka da bushewa, kuma daban-daban da bushewa da hanyoyin (kai tsaye ba bushewa, flash bushewa, kadan fitilu tare da takamaiman IR zango jeri). daban-daban impurities (i.e. silicates a kan carbonates) ake bukata daban-daban handling da pretreatment hanyoyi don inganta rabuwa. Duk da yake shi ne bayyana daga patent kwatancin cewa IMC aka yunƙurin samar da kasuwanci sikelin tsari, jarrabawa na adabi ba ya nuna cewa irin wannan wani shigarwa da aka taba gina da kuma sarrafa a wani IMC site.

A cikin shekarar 1960 ta aiki musamman a carbonate dauke da sinadarin phosphate ores daga North Carolina da aka yi a North Carolina Jami'ar Jihar ma'adanai Research Laboratory, [9] Amfani da wani dakin gwaje-gwaje sikelin freefall SEPARATOR da wani roba cakuda ƙasa harsashi carbonate da sinadarin phosphate ƙanƙara flotation tattara a cikin wani sosai kunkuntar size kewayon (-20to +48 raga), bincike ya nuna cewa preconditioning da kayan da wani acid goge ko m acid rinjayi zumunta lura da phosphate kamar yadda ko dai tabbatacce ko korau. In mun gwada kaifi separations aka samu. Duk da haka, lokacin amfani da wata halitta tama dauke da babba adadin tarar, kawai talakawa separations sun yiwu. A mafi kyau ruwaito rabuwa daga saura daga flotation da haɓaka tare da wani na farko P2A5 taro na 8.2% gano wani samfurin na 22.1% P2A5. Babu dawo da matakin da aka ruwaito. musamman irin, daya daga cikin ruwaito matsaloli da aka ginawa-up na tarar a kan SEPARATOR wayoyin.

Ƙarin aiki a kan electrostatic rabuwa na North Carolina phosphate yin amfani da wani babban tashin hankali abin nadi irin SEPARATOR

[10]ƙarasa da cewa yayin da rabuwar phosphate da ma'adini ya yiwu, bushewa kudin da aka prohibitive. Duk da haka, ba cewa calcined phosphate ores ne bushe, da masu bincike da shawarar cewa electrostatic rabuwa da irin ores iya zama zai yiwu. Rabuwa da calcined phosphates da yake matalauta a cikin ruwaito aiki. Rabuwa bayyana da za a alaka barbashi size maimakon abun da ke ciki. Da shawarar inganta hada da yin amfani da sauran electrostatic rabuwa tsarin, reagents inganta barbashi caji halaye da kuma sosai kusa da allo sizing na kayan. Babu wani abin shaida cewa wani bi-up aikin da aka yi a kan wannan aikin.

Da ɗan baya aiki ta amfani high-tashin hankali abin nadi separators [11] nasarar cire aluminum da baƙin ƙarfe mahadi daga gudu-of-nawa tama daga Florida. A tama da aka bushe, murƙushe, kuma a hankali sized kafin rabuwa. A P2A5 taro da aka ƙara marginally daga 30.1% to 30.6% amma da kau da Al kuma Fe mahadi sa da ta fi kyau m dawo da flotation hanyoyin. Wannan aikin kwatanta da yin amfani da wani electrostatic SEPARATOR don magance wata matsala tare da wani takamaiman tama cewa iyakance al'ada rigar aiki.

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Tare da gudanar da bincike a cikin rabuwa da yawa da sauran kayan, Ciccu kuma co-ma'aikata gwada rabuwa da dama phosphate ores ciki har da kafofin daga India, Algeria, Tunisia, da kuma Angola. [12] Electrostatic rabuwa ya ban sha'awa a matsayin madadin su flotation daga wani tattalin arziki bisa saboda gaskiyar cewa manyan adibas na phosphates da ake samu a yankunan m. [13] Amfani da dakin gwaje-gwaje-sikelin free fall separators da "turbocharger", wadannan masu bincike sun iya samu rabuwa da sakamakon kama da flotation matakai daga ores tare da mun gwada sauki gangue qagaggun. musamman, sun gano cewa, sinadarin phosphate cajin gaskiya ma, a gaban silica, amma korau a gaban calcite. Duk da haka, idan tama dauke gagarumin yawa na biyu silica da carbonate, da electrostatic rabuwa da yake matalauta da flotation matakai tabbatar da mafi m domin samun m separations. Daga nazarin da sakamakon da turbocharger a kan caji na mutum barbashi, wadannan masu bincike ƙarasa da cewa gangue abu cajin da farko ta barbashi-barbashi lamba maimakon lamba tare da turbocharger saman. [13] [14] Cajin ya kuma sosai m to abu da zazzabi, da kyau rabuwa kawai samu sama da 100 ° C. Bugu da, gaban lafiya material sa matsaloli a cikin SEPARATOR da kyau sakamakon dogara ne a kan mai da hankali sizing na barbashi a up to uku size jeri kafin rabuwa. A takaice daga cikin sakamakon daga wannan kungiya da aka gabatar a Table 2. babu cikakken- sikelin aikace-aikace ya bayyana a an aiwatar bisa wannan aikin.

Table 2. Ruwaito sakamakon daga Ciccu, da kuma. al. daga dakin gwaje-gwaje-sikelin free fall separators

Electrostatic rabuwa da wani Bamasare tama aka karatu da Hammoud, et al. yin amfani da wani dakin gwaje-gwaje-sikelin free fall SEPARATOR. [15] A tama amfani dauke da farko silica da sauran insoluble tare da wani na farko P2A5 taro na 27.5%. A gano samfurin da wani P2A5 taro na 33% tare da wani 71.5% dawo da.

An ƙarin nazarin wani Bamasare tama da farko siliceous gangue da aka gudanar Abouzeid, et al. yin amfani da wani dakin gwaje-gwaje nadi SEPARATOR. [16] Da masu bincike musamman nemi ya gane bushe dabarun tattara da kuma / ko dedust phosphate ores a gundumomi da karancin ruwa. Wannan binciken samu wani samfurin da 30% P2A5 daga abinci da kayan da 18.2 % P2A5 tare da dawo da 76.3 % bayan hankali sizing na kayan kunkuntar iyaka tsakanin 0.20 mm da kuma 0.09 mm.

A wani m review article rufe cikakken kewayon beneficiation matakai domin phosphate dawo da, Abouzeid ya ruwaito cewa yayin da electrostatic rabuwa dabaru sun nasara a da haɓaka phosphate ores ta cire silica da carbonates, da low damar da separators samuwa iyakance su amfani domin sayar da samar. [17]

Electrostatic rabuwa Florida ores aka karatu kwanan nan ta Stencel da Jian amfani da wani dakin gwaje-gwaje kwarara-ta free- fall SEPARATOR. [18] A haƙiƙa ya tantance madadin ko kari aiki makirci da dogon-amfani flotation tsarin tun flotation ba za a iya amfani a kan abu na kasa da 105 μm. Wannan lafiya abu da aka kawai landfilled, sakamakon shi a asarar kusan 30% na phosphate asali mined. Sun gwada deslimed raw tama, lafiya flotation feed, rougher flotation tattara, da kuma karshe flotation fi mai da hankali samu daga biyu aiki shuke-shuke a Florida a feed rates har zuwa 14 kg / hour a wani Lab sikelin-SEPARATOR. Good rabuwa da sakamakon da aka ruwaito da lafiya flotation feed (+0.1 mm; ~ 12% P2A5) daga daya source wanda aka kyautata wa 21-23% P2A5 a biyu kafa tare da 81- 87% P2A5 dawo da da kãfirtarsu da farko insoluble silica. Similar sakamakon da aka samu a lokacin da tribocharging da abinci ta amfani da ko dai wani pneumatic isar tube ko juyawa tribo-caja.

A mafi kwanan nan ruwaito bincike a cikin electrostatic rabuwa na phosphate ores Sukan tsarin tsara don mafi inganta caji na kayan kafin gabatarwa a cikin wani free fall SEPARATOR, Tao da kuma Al-Hwaiti [19] gano cewa akwai wani kasuwanci amfani da electrostatics for phosphate beneficiation saboda da tsarin low

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kayan da aka samar, low yadda ya dace da kuma bukatar yin aiki tare da kunkuntar barbashi size rabawa. Wadannan masu bincike musamman nemi cin nasara da low barbashi cajin yawa hade da tsarin dogara a kan barbashi don barbashi lamba ko tasiri a kan wani sauki caji tsarin. Aiki tare da wani Jordan tama da farko silica gangue, da kayan da aka niƙa su -1.53 mm kuma a hankali ki cire kayan da ke ƙasa 0.045 mm. A kananan dakin gwaje-gwaje sikelin free-fall SEPARATOR aka Fitted da sabuwar tsara juyawa caja tsara tare da keken Silinda da kuma juyawa drum, ko caja, da kuma wani annular sarari a tsakanin. An waje samar da wutar lantarki da aka yi amfani da su yi amfani da wani lantarki m tsakanin azumi juyawa drum da tukwãne Silinda. Bayan caji da lamba tare da juyawa drum, barbashi wuce a cikin wani al'ada free-fall SEPARATOR. aiki tare da 100 gram tsari size da kuma fara da wani ki feed P2A5 abun ciki na 23.8%, bayan biyu kafa a tattara da har zuwa 32.11% P2A5 an gano, ko kawai tare da wani overall dawo da 29%.

A wani kokarin beneficiate phosphate tarar (< 0.1 mm), Bada et al. aiki a free fall SEPARATOR tare da juyawa caji tsarin sosai kama da cewa na Tao ta.[20]. A fara abu da aka daga a flotation tattara dauke da tara, tare da P2A5 na 28.5%. A samfurin na 34.2% P2A5 An gano amma kuma tare da wani low dawo da kudi na 33.4%.

Wannan "Rotary triboelectrostatic free-fall SEPARATOR" da aka sake amfani da bushe beneficiation na phosphates da Sobhy da Tao. [21] Aiki tare da wani murƙushe dolomitic phosphate ƙanƙara daga Florida tare da wani sosai m barbashi size kewayon (1.25 mm – <0.010 mm), wani phosphate tattara tare da 1.8% MgO da kuma 47% P2A5 dawo da aka samar daga wani abinci da suka fara da kamar 23% P2A5 da kuma 2.3% MgO. A ganiya sakamako a kan Lab sikelin-na'urar da aka samu a lokacin da ciyar da 9 kg / hr da - 3kV amfani da Rotary caja. The rabuwa yadda ya dace da aka ruwaito da za a iyakance ta biyu matalauta kwata 'yanci na kasa a cikin babban barbashi da tsangwama daga daban-daban barbashi masu girma dabam a cikin rabuwa jam'iyya.

Better sakamakon da aka samu a lokacin da sarrafa wani flotation feed samfurin da narrower barbashi size rarraba 1 to 0.1 mm. Tare da wani na farko P2A5 abun ciki na kimanin 10%, samfurin samfurori da aka samu tare da kamar 25% P2A5 ciki, P2A5 dawo da 90%, da kuma kin amincewa da 85% na ma'adini. Wannan ya nuna yadda ya dace da aka lura a matsayin yawa fiye da samu tare da wani free-fall SEPARATOR tare da wani karin al'ada caji tsarin kamar yadda amfani da Stencel [18] nuna da amfani da sabuwar tsara Rotary caja. Sarrafa mai flotation tattara dauke da 31.7% P2A5 sa a cikin wani samfurin na fi 35% P2A5 tare da dawo da 82%. Wannan da haɓaka da aka lura ya zama mafi alhẽri daga yiwu ta flotation.

Wannan dakin gwaje-gwaje sikelin SEPARATOR da rabuwa tsarin nisa na 7.5 cm da aka bayyana a matsayin ciwon damar 25 kg / hr, daidai 1/3 tonne / hr / mita na nisa. Duk da haka, da bayar da rahoton sakamakon feed kudi a kan rabuwa yadda ya dace ya nuna cewa mafi kyau duka separations aka samu a kawai 9 kg / hr ko dan kadan a kan daya-uku da maras muhimmanci damar da tsarin.

overall, baya aiki a kan electrostatic da haɓaka na phosphate ores an iyakance ta zumunta caji na hadaddun gangue da detrimental tasiri barbashi size effects, musamman, sakamakon tarar. A babban rinjaye na aikin hannu ne kawai awon sikelin kayan aiki ba tare da wani Ingancin cewa kasuwanci sikelin, ci gaba da sarrafa kayan aiki da za a iya amfani da. Bugu da, da low capacities na samuwa electrostatic aiwatar kayan aiki sun yi ciniki aikace-aikace uneconomical.

2. Gazawar da na al'ada electrostatic rabuwa matakai

High tashin hankali abin nadi electrostatic rabuwa da tsarin kamar yadda amfani da Groppo [10] kuma Kouloheris et al. [11] ana amfani da da haɓaka iri-iri na kayan a lokacin da daya bangaren shi ne mafi conductive fiye da wasu. A cikin wadannan matakai, da kayan dole ne tuntube da wani na rasa drum ko farantin yawanci bayan da kayan barbashi an barnatar da cajin da wani ionizing Corona sallama. Conductive kayan za su rasa cajin da sauri da za a jefa daga drum. A ba- conductive abu ya ci gaba da za a janyo hankalin da drum tun da cajin zai dissipate more sannu a hankali da kuma zai fada ko za a brushed daga drum bayan rabuwa daga gudanar da abu.

Wadannan zane (Figure 2) misalta da muhimman hakkokin siffofin da wannan irin SEPARATOR. Wadannan matakai ne

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iyakance a iya aiki saboda da ake buƙata lamba daga kowane barbashi da drum ko farantin. A tasiri na wadannan drum yi separators ma iyakance zuwa barbashi game da 0.1mm ko mafi girma a size saboda duka biyu da bukatar tuntubar da na rasa farantin da ake bukata barbashi kwarara kuzarin kawo cikas. Barbashi daban-daban masu girma dabam za su ma suna da daban-daban da kwarara kuzarin kawo cikas saboda inertial effects da zai haifar da kaskanta rabuwa.

Figure 2: Drum electrostatic SEPARATOR (Dattijon da kuma Yan, 2003 [22]

A iyakance yunkurin aikace-aikace zuwa Phosphate beneficiation ne saboda da maras conductive yanayi na biyu phosphates da hankula gangue abu. Kouloheris lura da farko wasu kau na baƙin ƙarfe ne da aluminum dauke da barbashi cewa, saboda su conductive yanayi, suna "jefa" daga abin nadi. Gaban wannan irin abu a phosphate ores ba kowa. Groppo lura da cewa kawai abu da aka "pinned" ga abin nadi a matsayin "ba madugu" sun tarar, isharar rabuwa da barbashi size maimakon abu abun da ke ciki. [9] Tare da yiwu rare ware, phosphate ores ba amenable ga beneficiation by high tashin hankali abin nadi separators.

Drum nadi separators sun kuma an amfani a jeri cewa dõgara a kan triboelectric caji na barbashi maimakon caji jawo by ionization jawo by wani high-tashin hankali filin. Daya ko fiye da wayoyin positioned sama da drum, kamar "a tsaye" lantarki misalta cikin Figure 2, Ana amfani da "daga" barbashi gaban cajin daga drum surface. Irin wannan tsarin da aka yi amfani da Abouzeid, et al. [16] wanda gano cewa rabuwa yadda ya dace da aka bata ne, dangane da polarity da kuma amfani da wani irin ƙarfin lantarki na tsaye wayoyin. A Johnson Tsari [1] amfani da wani bambancin da wani drum nadi SEPARATOR. Duk da haka, da iyaka iya aiki da kuma yadda ya dace da guda nadi tsarin take kaiwa zuwa sosai hadaddun tsarin irin misalta cikin Figure 1. Kamar yadda ya bayyana a sama, ta bayyana cewa wannan cakuduwa da kuma sauran gazawar da tsari mai tsanani iyakance ta aikace-aikace.

Triboelectrostatic separations ba iyakance ga rabuwa conductive / ba-conductive kayan amma ya dogara ne a kan sabon abu na cajin canja wuri da frictional lamba na kayan da jũna surface sunadarai. Wannan sabon abu da aka yi amfani da "free fall" rabuwa matakai shekaru da dama. Irin wannan tsari yana tafiya ne misalta cikin Figure 3. Aka gyara na cakuda na barbashi farko ci gaba daban-daban zargin by lamba ko dai da karfe surface, kamar yadda a wani tribo-caja, ko da barbashi don barbashi lamba, kamar yadda a wani fluidized gado ciyar na'urar. Kamar yadda barbashi fada ta hanyar da

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

lantarki filin a cikin lantarki zone, kowane barbashi ta yanayin da aka deflected zuwa ga lantarki na daura cajin. Bayan wani nesa, tarin bins suna aiki don raba da kõguna. Hankula shigarwa bukatar mahara SEPARATOR saukarwa da maimaita na wani matsakaicin sulusi da murabba'i. Wasu na'urorin amfani da wani kwari rafi na gas da su taimaka da isar daga cikin barbashi ta hanyar lantarki zone.

Figure 5: "Free fall" triboelectrostatic SEPARATOR

Maimakon dangane kawai a kan barbashi don barbashi lamba don sa cajin canja wurin, da yawa tsarin na da irin wannan amfani da "caja" sashe hada da wani zabi abu da ko ba tare da amfani da ƙarfin lantarki don inganta barbashi caji. A cikin 1950 ta, Lawver diddigin yin amfani da daban-daban na'urorin ciki har da wani guduma niƙa da sanda niƙa zuwa recharge abu tsakanin rabuwa, saukarwa [4] kazalika da sauki farantin caja na daban-daban kayan. [5] [6] Duk da haka, Lawver ƙarasa da cewa abu zazzabi ya na overriding muhimmancin da kuma barbashi-barbashi cajin canja wurin sama yanayi zazzabi bayar mafi alhẽri sakamakon fiye da amfani da wani caja. Falo et al. [12] bincika zumunta mataki na cajin canja wuri da kuma ƙarasa da cewa qananan gangue abu samu cajin da farko ta hanyar barbashi-barbashi lamba saboda da low Yiwuwar tasiri mita tare da wani caja farantin. Wannan ya nuna wani da ya rage mata da amfani da caja tsarin: duk barbashi dole ne tuntube caja surface haka da abinci kudi dole ne in mun gwada low. Contact za a iya inganta hanyar yin amfani da m yanayi na isar da kayan ko ta hanyar amfani da manyan surface yankin motsi caja. A kwanan nan aikin na Tao [19] da Bada [20] kuma Sobhy [21] amfani da wani musamman tsara juyawa caja da aiyuka irin ƙarfin lantarki amma kawai a kan wani sosai kananan sikelin awon SEPARATOR. Duk da yake wannan inganta caja zane da aka nuna ya fi mazan tsarin, nuna aiki capacities daga cikin wadannan tsarin ne har yanzu quite low. [21]

Wannan irin free fall SEPARATOR kuma yana da gazawa a cikin barbashi size daga cikin kayan da za a iya sarrafa. Da ya kwarara a cikin lantarki zone dole ne a sarrafawa domin rage haukan kogi don kauce wa "smearing" na rabuwa. A yanayin da lafiya barbashi an more Madĩna da halin rashin kwanciyar hankali tun da nata irin ja sojojin ranar lafiya barbashi ne sun fi yawa da gravitational da electrostatic sojojin. Wannan matsala za a iya shawo zuwa wani mataki idan abu da mun gwada kunkuntar barbashi size iyaka da aka sarrafa. Da yawa daga cikin bincike tattauna a sama hada da pre-nunawa abu a cikin daban-daban size jeri domin inganta rabuwa. [5] [6] [7] [9] [12] [14] [16] [19] [20] [21] A

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

bambanci na 8 to 20 KV. A bel, wanda aka yi da wani maras gudanar da roba, ne babban raga tare da game 60% bude yanki. Barbashi iya wuce ta cikin ramuka a cikin bel. Bayan shigarwa a cikin rata tsakanin wayoyin da barnatar da cajin barbashi an janyo hankalin da lantarki filin sojojin zuwa kasa tabbatacce wayoyin. A gaskiya ma caje barbashi an janyo hankalin zuwa barnatar da cajin saman lantarki. Gudun da m madauki bel ne m daga 4 to 20m / s. A lissafi na giciye-shugabanci strands hidima don share barbashi kashe da wayoyin motsi su zuwa dace ƙarshen SEPARATOR kuma baya cikin babban karfi zone tsakanin oppositely motsi sassan na bel. Saboda barbashi yawan yawa ne don haka high cikin rata tsakanin wayoyin (kamar daya- uku da girma ne shagaltar da barbashi) kuma ya kwarara da aka vigorously agitated, akwai mutane da yawa collisions tsakanin barbashi da kuma mafi kyau duka caji auku ci gaba cikin rabuwa zone. A counter-halin yanzu kwarara jawo ta oppositely motsi bel sassan da a riƙa sake caji da kuma sake rabuwa Halicci counter halin yanzu multistage rabuwa a cikin guda na'ura. Wannan ci gaba da caji da kuma recharging barbashi a cikin SEPARATOR gusar da wani bukata "caja" tsarin kafin gabatar da abu zuwa ga SEPARATOR, haka cire wani tsanani da ya rage mata da damar sauran electrostatic separators. The fitarwa na wannan SEPARATOR ne biyu qarqashinsu, a tattara da kuma saura, ba tare da wani middlings rafi. Yadda ya dace da wannan SEPARATOR an nuna su zama daidai kamar uku matakai na free-fall rabuwa da middlings maimaita.

Ma'adinai A End

Figure 7: Muhimmai daga STET Belt SEPARATOR

The inganci sosai rabuwa da barbashi kasa da 0.5 mm sa wannan manufa da kuma tabbatar da zaɓi don rabuwa na tarar (kura) daga wani potash bushe nika aiki. A STET SEPARATOR iya aiwatar da fadi da kewayon barbashi masu girma dabam da nagarta sosai ba tare da bukatar rarrabuwa a cikin kunkuntar size jeri. Saboda ƙwazo agitation, da babban karfi kudi tsakanin motsi belts, da kuma damar iya rike sosai lafiya barbashi (<0.001 mm) da ST SEPARATOR iya zama mai tasiri a cikin raba phosphate tama slimes inda wasu electrostatic separators sun gaza.

3.1 Babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki halin kaka

A kamanta kudin binciken da aka samu izini da STET da kuma gudanar da Soutex Inc. [25] Soutex ne a Quebec Canada kamfanin aikin injiniya dake tare da m kwarewa a duka biyu rigar flotation da electrostatic rabuwa aiwatar da kimantawa da kuma zane. A binciken da aka kwatanta da babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki halin kaka na triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ga al'ada froth flotation ga beneficiation na wani low-sa barite tama. The aiki halin kaka aka kiyasta sun hada da aiki aiki, tabbatarwa, makamashi (lantarki da man fetur), da kuma wasu kaya (e.g, sinadaran reagent halin kaka don flotation). A shigar da halin kaka aka dogara ne a kan hankula dabi'u ga wani misali shuka dake kusa Battle Mountain, Nevada USA. Jimlar kudin da ikon mallakar kan shekaru goma da aka lasafta daga babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki kudin da dauka wani

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

8% rangwame kudi. A sakamakon kudin kwatanta ne ba kamar yadda zumunta percentages a Table 3. Table 3. Cost Kwatanta for Barite Processing

A total sayan kudin na babban birnin kasar kayan aiki ga triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ne dan kadan kasa da na flotation. Duk da haka lokacin da jimlar babban birnin kashe kudi da aka lasafta su hada kayan aiki da kafuwa, piping da wutar lantarki ta halin kaka, da kuma aiwatar da ginin halin kaka, bambanci ne manyan. A total babban birnin kudin ga triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ne 63.2% na kudin na flotation tsari. A muhimmanci ƙananan kudin domin bushe aiwatar results daga mafi sauki da kwarara takardar. The aiki halin kaka ga triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ne 75.5% na flotation tsari saboda yafi ƙananan aiki da ma'aikatan da bukatun da ƙananan kuzarinsu.

Jimlar kudin da ikon mallakar daga cikin triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ne muhimmanci kasa fiye da ga flotation. A binciken da marubucin, Soutex Inc., ƙarasa da cewa triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari yayi bayyananne abũbuwan amfãni a CAPEX, OPEX, da kuma na sarrafawa sauki.

4. Takaitacciyar

Duk da yake beneficiation na phosphate ores ta bushe electrostatic matakai da aka yunkurin da daban-daban masu bincike tun lokacin da 1940 ta can ya kasance mai iyaka yin amfani da irin wannan tafiyar matakai a kan wani ciniki sikelin. A iyaka nasara ya kasance saboda da dama dalilai ya yiwuwa ga SEPARATOR tsarin kayayyaki da wuya daga cikin ores.

Hay shiri (da zazzabi, size rarrabuwa, motsa jiki jamiái) yana da manyan tasiri a kan wasan kwaikwayon na rabuwa da tsarin. Dama ga kara aiki a wannan yanki, musamman da bincike da sunadarai motsa jiki jamiái don bunkasa bambanci caji na barbashi don taimaka wadata a m rabuwa. Yin amfani da wannan cajin-gyaggyarawa jamiái na iya haifar da matakai da za su iya samu nasarar beneficiate ores da hadaddun gangue abu, ciki har da duka silicates da carbonates.

Duk da yake aiki ya ci gaba da kara tata wadannan hanyoyi, da muhimman hakkokin gazawa a kan al'ada electrostatic tsarin hada da damar, da ake bukata domin mahara matakai domin isassun da haɓaka na tama, da kuma na sarrafawa matsaloli sa da tara,. Domin ga mai yiwuwa kasuwanci sikelin-aikace-aikace na nuna awon dabaru, gagarumin ci gaban da dole ne a sanya su tabbatar da abin dogara, ci gaba da aiki ba tare da rage daraja da ya dace.

A STET triboelectric SEPARATOR samar da ma'adinai aiki masana'antu a wajen beneficiate lafiya kayan da wani gaba ɗaya bushe fasahar. A tsabtace muhalli tsari za a iya kawar da rigar aiki da ake bukata bushewa na karshe abu. A STET aiwatar aiki a high iya aiki - har zuwa 40 ton a kowace awa da wani m inji. A STET SEPARATOR iya aiwatar da fadi da kewayon barbashi masu girma dabam da nagarta sosai ba tare da bukatar rarrabuwa a cikin kunkuntar size jeri. Saboda ƙwazo agitation, da babban karfi kudi tsakanin motsi belts, da kuma damar iya rike sosai lafiya barbashi (<0.001 mm) da STET SEPARATOR iya zama mai tasiri a cikin raba slimes daga phosphate ores inda wasu electrostatic separators sun gaza. Kuzarinsu ne low, kamar 1-2 kWh / ton na kayan sarrafa. Tun da kawai m watsi da aiwatar da akwai turɓãya,, bayar da izni ne yawanci gwada da sauki.

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

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[5]J.E. Lawver, Beneficiation na Non-ƙarfe ma'adanai. Amurka Patent 2,754,965 Yuli 1956

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[20]S. A. idan, I.M. Falcon, R.M.S. Falcon, C.P, Bergmann, Yiwuwa nazari a kan triboelectrostatic maida hankali <105μm phosphate tama. The Journal of kudancin Afirka Institute of Mining da kuma Metallurgy, Mayu 2012, 112, 341-345.

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[25]J.D. Bittner, IC. Flynn, F.J. Hrach, Fadada aikace-aikace a bushe triboelectric rabuwa ma'adanai, Aikace-aikace na XXVII International Ma'adinai Processing Congress - IMPC 2014, Santiago, Chile, Oct 20 - 24, 2014.