भाषा का चयन करें:
Iron ore is the fourth most common element in the earth’s crust. Iron is essential to steel manufacturing and, इसलिए, an essential material for global economic development. लोहा भी व्यापक रूप से निर्माण में प्रयोग किया जाता है और वाहनों के निर्माण. Most iron ore resources are composed of metamorphosed banded iron formations (Bif), जिसमें आयरन सामान्यतः ऑक्डीज के रूप में पाया जाता है, hydroxides, और, to a lesser extent, carbonates.
The chemical composition of iron ores is apparent to be wide, especially for Fe content and associated gangue minerals. Major iron minerals associated with most iron ores are hematite, गोएथेट, limonite, and magnetite. लौह अयस्कों में मुख्य संदूषक SiO2 और Al2O3. The typical silica and alumina-bearing minerals present in iron ores are quartz, केओलिनाइट, gibbsite, डायस्पोर, और कोरुंडम. इनमें से, it is often observed that quartz is the main silica-bearing mineral, and kaolinite and gibbsite are the two main alumina-bearing minerals.
Iron ore extraction is mainly performed through open pit mining operations, महत्वपूर्ण दर्जी पीढ़ी में जिसके परिणामस्वरूप. लौह अयस्क उत्पादन प्रणाली आमतौर पर तीन चरणों में शामिल है: खनन, प्रसंस्करण, and pelletizing activities. Processing ensures that an adequate iron grade and chemistry are achieved prior to the pelletizing stage. प्रसंस्करण कुचल शामिल, वर्गीकरण, मिलिंग, and concentration, with the aim of increasing the iron content while reducing the amount of gangue minerals. Each mineral deposit has its own unique characteristics with respect to iron and gangue-bearing minerals, and therefore, it requires a different concentration technique.
Magnetic separation is typically used in high-grade iron ore beneficiation, where the dominant iron minerals are ferro and paramagnetic. गीला और सूखी कम तीव्रता चुंबकीय जुदाई (LIMS) techniques are used to process ores with strong magnetic properties, such as magnetite, while wet high-intensity magnetic separation is used to separate the Fe-bearing minerals with weak magnetic properties, such as hematite, from gangue minerals. Iron ores such as goethite and limonite are commonly found in tailings and do not separate very well by either technique.
फ्लोटेशन का उपयोग कम ग्रेड वाले लोहे के अयस्कों में अशुद्धियों की मात्रा को कम करने के लिए किया जाता है।. लौह अयस्कों या तो लोहे के आक्साइड या सिलिका के रिवर्स धनायनी प्लवनशीलता के सीधे ऋणायनी प्लवनशीलता द्वारा केंद्रित किया जा सकता है; हालांकि, reverse cationic flotation remains the most popular flotation route used in the iron industry. The use of flotation is limited by the cost of reagents, the presence of silica and alumina-rich slimes, and the presence of carbonate minerals. इसके अलावा, flotation requires wastewater treatment and the use of downstream dewatering for dry final applications.
The use of flotation for the concentration of iron also involves desliming, as floating in the presence of fines results in decreased efficiency and high reagent costs. Desliming विशेष रूप से एल्यूमिना को हटाने के लिए महत्वपूर्ण है के रूप में hematite या किसी भी सतह सक्रिय एजेंटों द्वारा goethite से गिब्साइट के जुदाई काफी मुश्किल है. Most alumina-bearing minerals occur in the finer size range (<20उम्म), desliming के माध्यम से इसे हटाने के लिए अनुमति. समग्र, जुर्माना की एक उच्च एकाग्रता (<20उम्म) और एल्यूमिना आवश्यक धनायनी कलेक्टर खुराक बढ़ जाती है और चयन नाटकीय रूप से कम हो जाती है. इसलिए, desliming increases flotation efficiency but results in a large volume of tailings and in loss of iron to the tailings stream.
लौह अयस्क की सूखी प्रसंस्करण लागत और गीला tailings उत्पादन फ्लोटेशन और गीला चुंबकीय जुदाई सर्किट के साथ जुड़े को खत्म करने का अवसर प्रस्तुत करता है. STET has evaluated several iron ore tailings and run-of-mine ore samples at bench scale (पूर्व व्यवहार्यता मापनी). लोहे और सिलिकेट की महत्वपूर्ण गति देखी गई, नीचे दी गई तालिका में हाइलाइट किए गए उदाहरणों के साथ.
इस अध्ययन के परिणामों से पता चला है कि कम ग्रेड लौह अयस्क जुर्माना STET tribo-electrostatic बेल्ट विभाजक के माध्यम से उन्नत किया जा सकता है. STET अनुभव के आधार पर, उत्पाद वसूली और / या ग्रेड काफी पायलट पैमाने पर प्रसंस्करण में सुधार होगा, इन लौह अयस्क परीक्षणों के दौरान उपयोग किए गए बेंच-स्केल परीक्षण उपकरण की तुलना में.
The STET dry electrostatic ठीक लौह अयस्क पृथक्करण process offers many advantages over traditional wet processing methods, जैसे चुंबकीय या फ्लोटेशन, सहित:
Contact us to learn more about dry processing of iron ore.
संदर्भ:
Iron ore beneficiation involves a series of processes that aim to improve the purity and quality of raw iron ore. These processes include crushing, पिसाई, चुंबकीय पृथक्करण, प्लवनशीलता, and gravity separation, depending on the mineralogical characteristics of the ore. Each technique is selected based on the ore’s composition and feasibility to extract the maximum amount of iron while minimizing impurities.
Iron ore mining requires specialized equipment to handle the extraction and processing of ore. Common machinery includes ball mills for grinding, crushers for reducing the size of ore, magnetic separators for separating iron particles from impurities, flotation machines for fine particle separation, and conveyors for transport.
Technologies utilized for iron ore beneficiation include advanced techniques such as dry electrostatic separation, प्लवनशीलता, advanced gravity separation, and sensor-based sorting. These technologies aim to efficiently increase the iron content and eliminate contaminants, catering to the growing demand for high-grade iron ore and promoting sustainable mining practices.
The cost of iron ore beneficiation can vary significantly depending on the specific processes and technologies used, the grade of the raw ore, and the desired purity of the final product. It encompasses capital expenditure (कैपेक्स), such as equipment and plant construction, and operational expenditure (ओपेक्स), including labor, ऊर्जा, और उपभोग्य सामग्रियों. It’s essential for companies to evaluate these costs against prospective revenue and market demands to ensure project viability.
