Zabi Harshe:
ST Boats & Technology LLC (STET) tribo-electrostatic bel SEPARATOR fasaha damar domin beneficiation na lafiya ma'adinai foda tare da fasahar bushewa gaba ɗaya a babban kayan aiki. A STET SEPARATOR yana da kyau dace domin rabuwa da lafiya sosai (<1μm) to moderately m (500μm) barbashi, da bambanci zuwa wasu electrostatic rabuwa matakai cewa suna yawanci iyakance zuwa barbashi >75μm a size. STET ya samu nasarar beneficiated tama samfurori ciki har da gudu-of-nawa ores, tailings da itabirite da baƙin ƙarfe feed abinda ke ciki jere daga 30-55%. Gwajin binciken nuna cewa low-sa ƙarfe ores za a iya kyautata don kasuwanci maki (58-65% Fe) yayin da a lokaci guda kãfirtarsu silica ta yin amfani da STET bel SEPARATOR. nan, a fayyace gwaji sakamakon da a Premier Nazarin m aikace-aikace na STET fasahar ga baƙin ƙarfe masana'antu an gabatar da. A na farko nazarin hada high-matakin flowsheets da kuma tattalin arziki kimantawa for zaba aikace-aikace. Kalubale hade da tallafi na fasaha da kuma kwatantawa a halin yanzu akwai fasahar don aiki tama tarar an kuma tattauna.
1.0 Gabatarwa
Tama ne na huɗu ya fi na kowa kashi a cikin ƙasa ta ɓawon burodi da kuma yana da muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya da kuma ci gaban karfe masana'antu [1-2]. Iron ores da fadi da kewayon a sinadaran abun da ke ciki musamman domin Fe abun ciki da kuma hade gangue ma'adanai [1]. Major baƙin ƙarfe-hali ma'adanai ne hematite, goethite, limonite da magnetite [1,3] da kuma babban abin gurɓatawa a cikin baƙin ƙarfe ores ne 2 kuma Al2O3. Kowane ma'adinai ajiya na da musamman halaye game da baƙin ƙarfe, da gangue qazanta ma'adanai, sabili da haka shi bukatar wani daban-daban taro dabara [4].
Modern aiki haihuwarka na baƙin ƙarfe hali ma'adanai na iya hada gravimetric taro, Magnetic taro, kuma flotation matakai [1,3]. Duk da haka, zamani haihuwarka yanzu kalubale cikin sharuddan aiki tama tarar da slimes [4-6]. Gravimetric dabaru irin spirals an iyakance by barbashi size, kuma suna kawai zaton wani ingantaccen hanyar maida hankali hematite da magnetite ga size sulusi da murabba'i sama 75μm [5]. Rigar da bushe low-tsanani Magnetic rabuwa (LIMS) dabaru ana amfani da su aiwatar high-sa ƙarfe ores da karfi Magnetic Properties kamar magnetite yayin da rigar high-tsanani Magnetic rabuwa da ake amfani da su raba baƙin ƙarfe hali ma'adanai da rauni Magnetic Properties kamar hematite daga gangue ma'adanai. Magnetic hanyoyin ba kalubale saboda su ake bukata domin tama zama mai saukin kamuwa zuwa Magnetic filayen [3]. Flotation da ake amfani da su rage abun ciki na impurities a low-sa ƙarfe ores, amma da aka iyakance ta da kudin da reagents, da kuma gaban silica, alumina-arziki slimes da carbonate ma'adanai [4,6]. A cikin rashi na kara nisa da tushe aiki domin kãfirta koguna da lafiya baƙin ƙarfe ƙaryata zai kawo karshen sama da kamanta a tailings dam [2].
Tailings dashi da kuma aiki na baƙin ƙarfe tara sun zama da muhimmanci ga muhalli adana da kuma dawo da na baƙin ƙarfe dukiya mai daraja, bi da bi, sabili da haka da aiki tama tailings da tara a karafa masana'antu ya girma a muhimmancin[7].
Duk da haka, da aiki na baƙin ƙarfe tailings da tara da ya rage kalubalantar via gargajiya flowcharts da haka madadin beneficiation fasahar kamar tribo-electrostatic rabuwa wanda yake da sassauta dokokin cikin sharuddan da tama mineralogy kuma barbashi size iya zama ban sha'awa. Bushe electrostatic aiki tama gabatar da wata damar rage ta halin kaka da kuma rigar tailings tsara hade tare da gargajiya gravimetric, flotation da kuma rigar Magnetic rabuwa haihuwarka.
STET ya ɓullo da wani tsari rabuwa da sa m rabuwa da gardama ash da kuma ma'adanai bisa ga mayar da martani a lokacin da fallasa su da wani takamaiman lantarki filin. A fasahar da aka yi amfani da nasarar da gardama ash masana'antu da kuma masana'antu ma'adanai masana'antu; kuma STET a halin yanzu binciko sauran kasuwar takware inda su separators iya bayar da wani m amfani. Daya daga cikin niyya kasuwanni ne da haɓaka na lafiya da Karafa.
STET ya yi exploratory nazarin da dama baƙin ƙarfe ores da kuma gwaji sakamakon to date sun nuna cewa low-sa tama tarar za a iya kyautata ta wajen STET tribo-electrostatic bel SEPARATOR. A STET bushe electrostatic rabuwa aiwatar tayi yawa abũbuwan amfãni a kan gargajiya rigar aiki da hanyoyin, ciki har da ikon mai da lafiya da kuma matsananci-lafiya baƙin ƙarfe cewa zai in ba haka ba za a rasa to tailings idan sarrafa tare data kasance fasahar. Bugu da kari, da fasahar na bukatar wani ruwa amfani, wanda sakamakon a kawar da yin famfo, thickening da bushewa, kazalika duk wani halin kaka da kuma kasada hade da ruwa da magani da kuma zubar da; babu rigar tailings dashi - kwanan nan high-profile kasawa na tailings dams sun bayyana cikin dogon lokacin da hadarin adanar rigar tailings; da kuma, babu sinadaran ƙarin ake bukata, wanda haka ya negates gudana kudi na reagents da simplifies bayar da izni.
Tama ne wani masana'antu tare da wani tsauri cewa ne daban-daban daga cikin sauran tushe karafa. Wannan shi ne saboda ta fluctuating kasuwar, da babbar samar da kundin da hannu da kuma m kudi duka biyu a kan babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki da bangarorin [8] kazalika da rashi na tsakiyar musayar Dandali kamar London Metals Exchange. Wannan fassara a cikin babbar dawo da suke yiwu a lokacin da farashin roka zuwa sama da kuma reza bakin ciki ribace-ribace a lokacin da yanayi ne direr. Wannan dalili ne guda bayan da babbar samar da kundin da girmamawa a kan low naúrar samar da halin kaka.
nan, sakamakon wani nunawa nazarin da Karafa masana'antu ci gaba da STET da Soutex da aka gabatar domin gano maharibai a cikin abin da STET fasaha zai iya bayar da wani tattalin arziki da amfani a kwatanta da mafi al'ada fasahar. Soutex ne ma'adanai sarrafa da kuma metallurgy faratis kuma yana da kwarewa zanawa, optimizing da kuma aiki daban-daban da Karafa taro matakai, tare da wani fahimtar da CAPEX, OPEX kazalika da marketing al'amurran da Karafa masana'antu. Domin wannan binciken, Soutex bayar ta gwaninta a kimantawa m aikace-aikace na triboelectrostatic rabuwa a tama. Soutex 'ikon yinsa hada flowsheet ci gaba da kuma tsari na girma nazari-matakin babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki da kudin kimomi. Wannan takarda ta binciko uku daga cikin mafi alkawarin aikace-aikace samu, a kan wani fasaha da kuma tattali matakin. Wadannan uku aikace-aikace da aka gano a matsayin: Da haɓaka tama tarar a Australian DSO hako ma'adinai; scavenging na lafiya baƙin ƙarfe tattara a hematite / magnetite concentrators; da kuma, reprocessing na arziki-Fe tailings daga Brazil ayyukan.
2.0 STET Triboelectrostatic Belt SEPARATOR
Gwaje-gwaje da aka gudanar ta amfani da wani benci-sikelin tribo-electrostatic bel SEPARATOR. Benci-sikelin gwaji ne lokaci na farko da na wata uku-lokaci fasahar aiwatar aiwatar ciki har da benci-sikelin gwaji, matukin jirgi sikelin-gwaji da kuma kasuwanci sikelin-aiwatar. A benchtop SEPARATOR da ake amfani da nunawa ga shaidar tribo-electrostatic caji da kuma sanin ko idan wani abu ne mai kyau ga takarar electrostatic beneficiation. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin kowane yanki na kayan aiki aka gabatar a Table 1. Duk da yake cikin kayan aiki amfani a cikin kowane lokaci ya bambanta a size, da aiki manufa ne tushen wannan.
STET ya kimanta da dama da Karafa samfurori a benci sikelin da kuma gagarumin yunkuri na baƙin ƙarfe, da kin amincewa da silicates An lura (Dubi Table 2). Abubawan da yanayin da aka zaba don haka cewa wani ƙarfe dawo da vs. baƙin ƙarfe karuwa kwana da za a iya kõma da daga baya a yi amfani a matsayin labari ga wani aiki da tattalin arziki model
Table 2. Benci-sikelin sakamakon on daban-daban na baƙin ƙarfe ores
| Exp | Hay Fe wt% | Product Fe wt% | Cikakken Fe .Ara % | Fe farfadowa da na'ura % | SiO2 Kin amincewa % | D10 (μm) | D50 (μm) | D90 (μm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39.2 | 50.6 | 11.4 | 91.5 | 63.9 | 5 | 23 | 59 |
| 2 | 39.4 | 60.5 | 21.1 | 50.8 | 96.0 | 5 | 23 | 59 |
| 3 | 30.1 | 48.0 | 17.9 | 70.6 | 84.6 | 1 | 18 | 114 |
| 4 | 29.9 | 54.2 | 24.3 | 56.4 | 93.7 | 1 | 18 | 114 |
| 5 | 47.0 | 50.2 | 3.2 | 96.6 | 35.3 | 17 | 62 | 165 |
| 6 | 21.9 | 48.9 | 27.0 | 41.2 | 96.6 | 17 | 62 | 165 |
| 7 | 47.6 | 60.4 | 12.8 | 85.1 | 96.9 | 17 | 62 | 165 |
| 8 | 35.1 | 44.9 | 9.8 | 89.0 | 54.2 | 3 | 61 | 165 |
| 9 | 19.7 | 37.4 | 17.7 | 76.0 | 56.8 | 5 | 103 | 275 |
| 10 | 54.5 | 62.5 | 8.0 | 86.3 | 77.7 | 5 | 77 | 772 |
| 11 | 54.6 | 66.5 | 11.9 | 82.8 | 95.6 | 8 | 45 | 179 |
(duba sashe na 3.0, Figure 4). Ƙarin gwaji sakamakon nuna rabuwa da sakamakon a kan tama samfurori amfani STET fasahar aka gabatar a baya bazawa da STET a kan tama aiki [9].
Table 1. Uku-lokaci aiwatar aiwatar amfani STET tribo-electrostatic bel SEPARATOR fasahar.
| Lokaci | Don: | Layin Tsawan lantarki | Nau'in aiwatarwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1- Matsayi na Bench Kimantawa | Mai cancanta Kimantawa | 250cm | Batch |
| 2- Matsakaicin matukin jirgi Testing | Kayan aiki kimantawa | 610cm | Batch |
| 3- Commercial Sikeli | Commercial Production | 610cm | Ci gaba |
Kamar yadda za a iya gani a Table 1, babban bambanci tsakanin benchtop SEPARATOR da kuma matukin jirgi sikelin-da kasuwanci sikelin-separators ne cewa tsawon na benchtop SEPARATOR ne kamar 0.4 sau da tsawon matukin-sikelin da kasuwanci sikelin-raka'a. Kamar yadda SEPARATOR yadda ya dace shi ne a yi aiki da lantarki tsawon, benci-sikelin gwaji ba za a iya amfani da a matsayin maimakon matukin-sikelin gwaji. Pilot-sikelin gwaji wajibi ne don sanin ko har na rabuwa da cewa STET tsari za a iya cimma a kasuwanci sikelin, da kuma sanin ko idan STET tsari zai iya saduwa da samfurin hari a karkashin ba feed rates. Saboda bambanci a aiki rabuwa tsawon daga benci sikelin zuwa matukin jirgi sikelin, sakamakon yawanci inganta a matukin jirgi sikelin.
2.1 Operation {a'ida
A tribo-electrostatic bel SEPARATOR (duba hoto na 1 kuma Figure 2), abu ne ciyar a cikin bakin ciki rata 0.9 - 1.5 cm tsakanin biyu a layi daya planar wayoyin.
A barbashi an triboelectrically cajin da interparticle lamba. Misali, a yanayin saukan wani baƙin ƙarfe samfurin hada da yafi hematite da ma'adini ma'adinai barbashi, da gaskiya ma cajin (hematite) da kuma barnatar
cajin (ma'adini) suna janyo hankalin zuwa gaban wayoyin. A barbashi an sa'an nan share up da a ci gaba da motsi bude-raga bel da kuma isar da a gaban kwatance. A bel motsa barbashi m zuwa kowane lantarki wajen m iyakar da SEPARATOR. A counter halin yanzu kwarara daga cikin raba barbashi kuma riƙa triboelectric caji da barbashi-barbashi collisions azurta wani Multi-mataki da rabuwa da kuma sakamakon a kyau kwarai tsarki da kuma dawo da a guda-izinin naúrar. A bel damar domin aiki a kan lafiya da matsananci-lafiya barbashi ciki har da barbashi karami fiye 20μm, ta samar da wata hanya ga ci gaba da tsaftace surface daga cikin wayoyin da kuma cire lafiya barbashi, wanda zai in ba haka ba to bi tabbata daga cikin wayoyin. A high bel gudun ma sa throughputs har zuwa 40 ton a kowace awa a kan wani guda SEPARATOR ta ci gaba da isar da kayan daga cikin SEPARATOR. By iko daban-daban aiwatar sigogi, da na'urar damar domin ingantawa ma'adinai sa da kuma dawo da.
A SEPARATOR zane ne in mun gwada sauki. A bel da Associated rollers ne kawai motsi sassa. A wayoyin ne na kullum da kuma hada da wani sosai m abu. A bel ne consumable part wanda na bukatar wanda ba safai ba ne amma lokaci-lokaci maye, wani tsari wanda yake iya za a kammala ta a guda sadarwarka a kawai 45 minti. A SEPARATOR lantarki tsawon shi ne kamar 6 mita (20 ft.) da kuma fadin 1.25 mita (4 ft.) ga cikakken size kasuwanci raka'a (duba hoto na 3). Da ikon amfani ne kasa da 2 kWh da tonne da kayan sarrafa shi da mafi yawan ikon cinye ta biyu Motors tuki da bel.
A tsari ne gaba ɗaya bushe, bukatar wani ƙarin kayan da kuma samar da wani sharar gida da ruwa ko iska watsi. Ga ma'adinai rabuwa da SEPARATOR samar da wani fasahar don rage ruwa amfani, mika ajiye rayuwa da / ko mai da kuma reprocess tailings.
A Compactness daga cikin tsarin damar domin sassauci a shigarwa kayayyaki. A tribo-electrostatic bel rabuwa fasahar ne robust kuma industrially tabbatar da aka farko amfani industrially ga aiki na ci konewa gardama ash a 1995. The fasaha ne tasiri a raba carbon barbashi daga cikin bai cika konewa na ci, daga idon yayi kamar gilashi aluminosilicate ma'adinai barbashi a cikin gardama ash. A fasahar ya instrumental a kunna maimaita na ma'adinai-arziki gardama ash a matsayin ciminti maye a kankare samarwa.
tun 1995, a kan 20 ton miliyan na samfurin gardama ash an sarrafa ta STET separators shigar a cikin USA. A masana'antu tarihi na gardama ash STET rabuwa da aka jera a cikin Table 3.
A ma'adanai aiki, da triboelectric bel SEPARATOR fasahar da aka yi amfani da su raba mai fadi da kewayon kayan ciki har da calcite / ma'adini, talc / magnesite, kuma barite / ma'adini.
Table 3. Industrial aikace-aikace na tribo-electrostatic bel rabuwa for gardama ash
| mai amfani / ikon tashar | location | Farkon kasuwanci yadda ake gudanar da | Facility bayani |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy - Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | 1997 | 2 Separators |
| Energy harsuna- Brandon gaba | Maryland USA | 1999 | 2 Separators |
| Scottish Power- Longannet Station | Scotland UK | 2002 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Jacksonville Electric-St. Gidan Wuta na Johns River | Florida USA | 2003 | 2 Separators |
| Kudancin Lashin Wutar Lantarki ta Kudu -R.D. Morrow | Mississippi USA | 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| New Brunswick Power-Belledune | New Brunswick Canada | 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| OF npower-Didcot Station | Ingila UK | 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Harsuna Harshen Tsibiri na makamashi-Brunner | Pennsylvania USA | 2006 | 2 Separators |
| Tampa Electric-Big Bend Station | Florida USA | 2008 | 3 Separators |
| OF npower Aberthaw-Station | Wales UK | 2008 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| EDF Energy-West Burton Station | Ingila UK | 2008 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| ZGP (Lafarge Cement / Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | 2010 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Korea kudu maso gabas Power- Yeongheung | Koriya ta Kudu | 2014 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| PGNiG Termika-Sierkirki | Poland | 2018 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Kamfanin Kula da Cement na Taiheiyo-Chichibu | Japan | 2018 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Armstrong Fly Ash- Cewayar Cele | Philippines | 2019 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Korea kudu maso gabas Power- Samcheonpo | Koriya ta Kudu | 2019 | 1 SEPARATOR |
3.0 hanya
uku (3) lokuta da aka gano domin kara kimantawa da aka sarrafa ta hanyar wani tsari na girma nazari-matakin tattalin arziki da kuma hadarin / damar nazari. A kimantawa dogara ne a kan m riba wani ma'aikaci zai gane ta kunsawa STET ta fasahar cikin su shuka ta flowsheet.
Performance na STET SEPARATOR An kiyasta cewar benci sikelin gwaje-gwaje yi (Dubi Table 2). A data tattara tare da daban-daban da baƙin ƙarfe ores yarda da k da a dawo da tsarin da aka yi amfani da hasashen da dawo domin uku (3) harka nazarin. Figure 4 misalta da sakamako na model cikin sharuddan wasanni da kuma halin kaka. The baƙin ƙarfe dawo da aka nuna kai tsaye a kan sanduna, da cinikin ƙarfe a cikin% Fe. A benci sikelin gwaji, guda izinin tafiya a cikin STET aka gwada kazalika da biyu-izinin flowsheet. Biyu-izinin flowsheets unsa da scavenging na rougher wutsiyoyi, saboda haka kara dawo da ma. Duk da haka, wannan ya shafi ƙarin STET inji sabili da haka mafi girma halin kaka. The kuskure sanduna a kan CAPEX sanduna nuna CAPEX farashin bambancin dangane da aikin size. A unitary CAPEX Figures rage tare da aikin size. Kamar yadda wani misali, domin da hankula tama gwada tare da wata biyu-izinin flowsheet, wata karuwa da 15% a cikin baƙin ƙarfe sa (i.e. daga 50% Fe 65% Fe) zai hango ko hasashen wani baƙin ƙarfe dawo da 90%. Lower baƙin ƙarfe recoveries suna aikin yi amfani da wadannan hali nazarin domin la'akari da muhimmi asarar dawo a lokacin da samar da mafi girma sa tama fi mai da hankali.
Domin kowane hali nazari, wani flowsheet da aka gabatar a wani tsari na girma matakin da kawai da babban kayan aiki da aka nuna domin ya goyi bayan tattali kimantawa. Ga kowane flowsheet, da tattalin arziki an kiyasta karkashin wadannan Categories: Capital kudi (CAPEX); aiki kudi (OPEX); da kuma, Revenue. A wannan nunawa mataki, matakin daidaito ga kowane category ne a "domin na girma" (± 50%).
Main kayan aiki CAPEX aka kiyasta ta amfani da ciki databases (Bayar da Soutex) da kuma kayan aiki quotes idan akwai. Dalilai da aka sa'an nan Ya ƙaddara tsayar da kudin na biyu kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye ba ta halin kaka. STET takamaiman CAPEX dabi'u kuma sun hada da sakandare kayan aiki da kuma controls, barata a ƙananan factorization ga shigarwa da kuma yi wa wannan yanki na kayan aiki. A OPEX hakkin aka hada da goyon baya, manpower, ikon da consumable halin kaka. The fasaha abubuwa bayar da aiwatar flowsheet tallafawa kudin kimantawa biyu cikin sharuddan CAPEX da OPEX, da kuma kudin abubuwa alaka da kafuwa da kuma yin amfani da STET tribo-electrostatic bel SEPARATOR aka kiyasta ta amfani da STET database na kammala ayyukan da kuma tama benci sikelin gwajin aikin.
A Figures amfani da wadannan kudin kimantawa aka samu daga Figure 4. Kamar yadda wani misali, domin da hankula tama gwada tare da biyu-hawa na maida hankali da kuma kara na 15% a cikin baƙin ƙarfe sa (i.e. daga 50% Fe 65% Fe) zai kudin kusa da 135 000$ da ton / h a CAPEX da kuma 2 $ / t a OPEX (ton na baƙin ƙarfe tattara). Kamar yadda wannan da aka yi nufi a matsayin nunawa nazari, aka yanke shawarar ci gaba da zama masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a kan samfurin farashin da ya yi ji na ƙwarai bincike a kan karshe daraja da samfurin farashin. Kamar yadda na Nuwamba 2019, 62% Seaborne tama cinikai kusa 80USD / t, tare da wani sosai high volatility.
A premium a kan tama naúrar tattara ne ma sosai maras tabbas, kuma ya dogara da yawa dalilai kamar abin gurɓatawa da kuma bukatun daga wani takamaiman abokin ciniki. Farashin bambanci tsakanin 65% baƙin ƙarfe, da 62% baƙin ƙarfe ne kullum canja a lokaci. a 2016, da bambanci kadan (kusa da 1 $/t /% Fe) amma a 2017-2018, da premium haura kusa da 10 $/t /% Fe. A lokacin da wannan rubuce-rubuce, shi ne a halin yanzu a kusa da 3 $/t /% Fe [10]. Table 4 nuna zaba zane sharudda amfani ga costing hakkin.
Table 4. Balanci zato ga tattalin arzikin Tantance.
A payback lokaci aka kiyasta daga shekarar farko ta samar. Ga kowane aikin, wani ƙarin biyu (2) shekaru kamata a yi la'akari domin gina. A tsabar kudi kwarara dabi'u (kudi da kuma kudaden shiga) ana rangwame daga farkon na yi.
4.0 Beneficiation tsari a cikin wani DSO bushe aiki
Direct shipping tama (DSO) ayyukan samar da babbar girma tama a duniya, da farko ciyar da kasuwar Sin, kuma mafi yawan girma zo daga yammacin Australia (WA) da kuma Brazil. a 2017, da juz'i na tama samar a WA wuce 800 ton miliyan da kuma Brazil ta girma ne a kusa 350 ton miliyan [11]. A beneficiation matakai ne mai sauqi qwarai, kunsha mafi yawa na crushing, wanka da kassa [12].
Beneficiation na matsananci-tarar da su janye wani 65% Fe tattara ne wata dama ga DSO kasuwar. The m dauka domin kimantawa da STET fasahar abũbuwan amfãni a gare DSO ayyukan ne wani fatauci-kashe tsakanin samar da data kasance low-sa ƙarfe ultra-tarar da wani madadin na samar da wani samfurin tare da kara da darajar bayan STET beneficiation. A flowsheet samarwa (Figure 5) ya wadãtu da wani kundi DSO aiki a WA cewa zai halin yanzu fitarwa daga mãsu kayayyakin ultra-tarar a 58% Fe. A madadin zai mayar da hankali da matsananci-tara domin ya kara darajar karshe samfurin. Table 5 gabatar da wasu daga cikin zane sharudda da kuma babban-matakin taro balance amfani a cikin hakkin na kudaden shiga. A orebody cikin sharuddan sa da kuma iya aiki ba ya wakiltar wani data kasance aikin ba amma wata hankula DSO aikin cikin sharuddan size da kuma samar da.
Table 5. Matsananci-lafiya DSO Beneficiation Shuka Design Sharudda da Mass Balance.
Figure 5. Flowsheets Idan aka kwatanta a cikin DSO cinikayya-kashe
Table 6 gabatar da babban matakin-CAPEX, OPEX kuma kiyasta kudaden shiga. A CAPEX kimanta hada Bugu da kari na wani sabon kwazo load-fita tsarin (loadout silo da mota loading), kazalika da STET tsarin. Domin kimanta dawowar samarwa flowsheet, tattalin arziki da bincike da aka sanya a kusa da wani ciniki-kashe tsakanin beneficiation hali da kuma sayar da low-sa samfurin. A beneficiation hali, ƙarar an rage amma premium a kan baƙin ƙarfe raka'a qara sayarwa price muhimmanci. A OPEX, a kan hakkin da aka bayar ga cirewa tama aiki (hako ma'adinai, crushing, kassa da karža).
Duk da rage ƙarar muhimmanci, da dawowar ne mai ban sha'awa da aka ba da premium a high sa tama tattara. A samu lissafi ne sosai dogara a kan wannan premium, wanda aka kara a karshe 'yan shekaru saboda muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi. Kamar yadda ya nuna a sama (Table 6), tattalin arziki da kyawawa da irin wannan aikin ne sosai dogara a kan farashin bambanci tsakanin 58% baƙin ƙarfe, da 65% iron. A wannan halin yanzu kimantawa, wannan farashin premium ya 30.5 $/t, wanda ya nuna kimanin yanzu kasuwar halin da ake ciki. Duk da haka, wannan farashin premium ya tarihi jeri daga 15 - 50 $/t.
5.0 Scavenging tsari a cikin wani Nauyi
rabuwa Shuka
Iron concentrators a North America yankin amfani nauyi taro wanda shi ne wani ingantaccen hanyar maida hankali hematite da magnetite, musamman ga size sulusi da murabba'i sama 75μm [5,13]. Hematite / magnetite shuke-shuke a wannan yankin yawanci amfani spirals matsayin farko rabuwa aiwatar da ma kunsa low tsanani Magnetic Rabuwa matakai (LIMS). A na kowa batun fadin hematite / magnetite shuke-shuke ne da dawo da lafiya baƙin ƙarfe kamar yadda baƙin ƙarfe tailings yawa sau da yawa isa matakan matsayin babban matsayin 20%. Babban kalubale shi ne alaka da lafiya hematite, a matsayin lafiya baƙin ƙarfe iya wuya a gano ta spirals kuma shi ne mai gagarar LIMS amfani warke lafiya magnetite. Da bambanci, da STET SEPARATOR ne tasiri sosai a raba lafiya barbashi, ciki har da barbashi kasa 20μm microns inda LIMS da spirals ne kasa tasiri. Saboda haka, da ambaliya daga tsabtace hydrosizer (kange mazauni) ciyar da scavenger spirals ne mai kyau Fit ga STET fasahar. Samarwa flowsheet da aka gabatar a Figure 6.
A wannan sanyi, da ja dash line Highlights sabon kayan aiki a cikin wani data kasance shuka. A karkashin samarwa flowsheet, maimakon ana recirculated, da ya kange mazauni ambaliya za a sarrafa ta scavenging spirals aiki a yanayi daban-daban fiye da rougher spirals. A lafiya baƙin ƙarfe tattara za a iya samar da bushe. A bushe tattara zai sa'an nan a directed zuwa STET SEPARATOR a domin su zo da karshe tattara na salable sa. The lafiya samfurin da za a iya kasuwanci dabam, ko kuma tare da sauran concentrator samarwa.
Table 7 gabatar da zane sharudda da kuma babban-matakin taro balance amfani a cikin hakkin na kudaden shiga.
Table 8 gabatar da babban matakin-CAPEX, OPEX kuma kiyasta kudaden shiga.
Wannan bincike ya nuna cewa sama da aiwatar da wani scavenging kewaye shafe STET fasahar ne m, kuma yayi garantin kara shawara.
Wani amfani da bushewa da lafiya baƙin ƙarfe tattara a lokacin da gwada wa gasar fasahar ne hade amfani sakamakon abu handling wadannan maida hankali. Very lafiya rigar tattara ne matsala game da tacewa, handling da kai. Misãlin matsaloli a jiragen kasa da kuma fluxing a jiragen mayar da bushewa da lafiya sosai tattara wani lokacin m. STET saka bushewa iya haka zama m.
6.0 Beneficiation na Brazil Tailings
Deposit
Beneficiation na lafiya tailings bayyana a matsayin darajar-kara aikace-aikace don sarrafawa don valorize da STET fasahar, a matsayin hanya da aka finely asa da kuma samuwa ga low cost. Duk da yake tama tailings adibas qazanta high matakan da baƙin ƙarfe ne yanzu a wurare da dama, wurare inda dabaru ne mai sauki ya zama gatan domin kara kimantawa. Brazil adibas dauke da high Fe maki kuma yana kokarin dake kusa data kasance kai kayayyakin iya wakiltar mai kyau damar domin sarrafawa don amfani daga aiwatar da STET tribo-electrostatic fasahar. A flowsheet samarwa (Figure 7) ya wadãtu da wani kundi Fe-arziki Brazilian tailings aiki a wadda STET fasahar zai zama kawai beneficiation tsari.
Ajiya da aka dauke su manyan isa ya samar da shekarun da suka gabata na abinci a kowace shekara kudi na 1.5 M ton / shekara. Domin wannan labari, da abinci tama An riga an finely ƙasa da D50 na ~ 50μm da tama zai bukatar da za a shoveled, hawa sa'an nan bushe kafin tribo-electrostatic beneficiation. The tattara zai sa'an nan za a ɗora Kwatancen a kan jiragen kasa / jiragen ruwa da kuma sabon tailings za a stockpiled a wani sabon wurin.
Table 9 gabatar da zane sharudda da kuma high-matakin taro balance amfani a cikin hakkin na kudaden shiga. Table 10 gabatar da babban matakin-CAPEX, OPEX kuma kiyasta kudaden shiga.
Kamar yadda ya nuna a Table 10, da dawowar aiwatar STET fasahar ga beneficiation na Brazil tailings ne m. Haka kuma, daga wani muhalli bisa samarwa flowsheet ne ma m insomuch matsayin beneficiation busassun tailings zai rage tailings size da surface kuma zai kuma rage kasada hade tare da rigar tailings dashi.
7.0 Tattaunawa da Yabo
A STET SEPARATOR da aka samu nasarar nuna a benci sikelin dabam lafiya da Karafa, saboda haka miƙa sarrafawa wani labari Hanyar warke tarar cewa za in ba haka ba ya zama wuya a aiwatar da su sellable maki tare data kasance fasahar.
A flowsheets kimanta da STET da Soutex ne misalai tama aiki wanda zai iya amfana daga bushe triboelectrostatic rabuwa. The uku (3) suka ci gaba flowsheets gabatar a wannan binciken ne ba m da sauran zabi kamata a yi la'akari. Wannan na farko binciken ya nuna cewa scavenging tafiyar matakai shafe low bushewa halin kaka, DSO ake gudanar da tailings beneficiation da kyau dama na samu nasara.
Wani amfani a bushe aiki ne a kan tailings ajiya - wanda a halin yanzu adana a babbar tailings tafkunan – kamar yadda bushe tailings zai yi da amfani da kawar da wani muhimmin muhalli hadarin. Recent da kyau jama'ar tailings dam kasawa haskaka da bukatar tailings management.
The bayanai zuwa wannan binciken amfani da yin lissafi da Karafa sa da kuma dawo da suka benci sikelin rabuwa da sakamakon yin amfani da Karafa samfurori daga mahara yankuna. Duk da haka, da mineralogy da kuma samun 'yanci halaye na kowane tama ne na musamman, saboda haka abokin ciniki tama samfurori kamata a kimanta a benci ko matukin jirgi sikelin. A wani mataki na gaba na ci gaba, da uku flowsheets kimanta a cikin wannan takarda ya kamata a yi karatu a kara daki-daki.
A karshe, da sauran kimiyoyi masu a halin yanzu a karkashin binciken domin lafiya da baƙin ƙarfe dawo kamar son zũciyõyin, Jigs da reflux classifiers. Ya riga ya san cewa da yawa rigar rabuwa matakai zama wanda ya kasa aiki domin barbashi karkashin 45μm da haka STET fasahar iya samun wani amfani a sosai lafiya kewayon, kamar yadda STET ya gani da kyau wasanni da abinci kamar yadda lafiya kamar yadda 1μm. A m cinikayya-kashe nazari gwama kawo sunayensu fasahar da STET ya kamata a gudanar, wanda zai hada yi kiman, iya aiki, kudin, da dai sauransu. A wannan hanya mafi kyau alkuki don STET za a iya alama da kuma ladabi.
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