Tīpakohia Reo:
ST Taputapu & hangarau LLC (STET) tribo-electrostatic belt separator technology allows for the beneficiation of fine mineral powders with an entirely dry technology at a high throughput. Kei te pai te tano te whakawehe STET mō wehenga o pai rawa (<1μm) ki tika makaka (500μm) matūriki, i roto i te rerekē ki ētahi atu tukanga wehenga hiko e e te nuinga iti ki matūriki >75μm i roto i te rahi. Kua pai te beneficiated STET tauira ore rino tae atu tokahuke rere-o-aku, tailings me itabirite ki tirotiro kai rino mai 30-55%. kitenga whakamātau tohu e taea te ake tokahuke iti-kōeke rino ki kōeke arumoni (58-65% Fe) i te wā kotahi patoi takawai mā te whakamahi i STET whitiki whakawehe. Here, E te aroaro te pūkei o ngā whakamātautau me te ako tuatahi o tono pea mo te STET hangarau mo te ahumahi rino. Ko te rangahau tuatahi ngā flowsheets taumata-tiketike, me ngā aromātai ōhanga mō ngā tono tīpakohia. Kei te kōrero hoki wero e pā ana ki te whakatamarikitanga o te hangarau, me te whakarite ki ngā hangarau e wātea ana i tēnei wā mo te tukatuka o whaina ore rino.
1.0 Kupu Whakataki
Rino ore Ko te wha te huānga noa te nuinga i roto i te kirinuku o te whenua, me te mea faufaa no te ao te whanaketanga ōhanga me te maitai ahumahi [1-2]. Iron tokahuke i te whānui ngā tūmomo i roto i te hanganga matū rawa hoki Fe ihirangi me ngā kohuke gangue whai pānga [1]. Meiha kohuke rino-whanau he hematite, goethite, limonite me magnetite [1,3] me te täoke matua i roto i tokahuke rino e 2 a Al2O3. He ona ake āhuatanga ahurei ia tāpui kohuke ki te faatura ki te rino, me te gangue amo kohuke, a reira e titau te reira i te tikanga kukū rerekē [4].
kia ngā iahiko tukatuka Modern o kohuke rino whanau kukū-kume, kukū autō, me kaupae tēnei waka [1,3]. Heoi, iahiko hou tamataraa hakari i roto i ngā o te tukatuka o rino whaina ore me häware [4-6]. E whāiti tikanga-kume pērā i koropetau i te rahi matūriki me e kiia anake te ara pai o te tutonu i hematite me magnetite mo te hautanga rahi i runga 75μm [5]. Wet me maroke iti-kaha wehenga autō (LIMS) E whakamahia tūāhua ki te tukatuka tokahuke rino nui-kōeke ki ngā āhuatanga autō kaha pērā i magnetite i whakamahia mākū nui-kaha wehenga autō te ki wehe i te kohuke rino te whanau ki ngoikore āhuatanga autō pērā i hematite i kohuke gangue. tikanga autō wero hakari e tika ana ki to ratou titauraa mo te ore rino ki kia haria ki mara autō [3]. whakamahia tēnei waka te ki te whakaiti i te ihirangi o poke i roto i te tokahuke rino iti-kōeke, engari iti e te utu o tauhohenga, me te aroaro o te takawai, alumina-taonga häware me ngā kohuke pākawa waro [4,6]. I roto i te ngaro o te tukatuka awa atu mo te paopao awa te whakakore i pai rino ka mutu ake ineine i roto i te whaea tailings [2].
Kua riro Tailings tikanga me te tukatuka o whaina rino tino hira mō te tiaki taiao, me te ora o taonga rino, aua, a na reira kua tupu te tukatuka o rino tailings ore me whaina i roto i te ahumahi maina i roto i te faufaa[7].
Heoi, te tukatuka o tailings rino me whaina tonu wero mā flowcharts tuku iho me hangarau beneficiation reira kē pērā i te wehenga tribo-hiko i te mea iti iho fakangatangata i ngā o te ore mineralogy me korakora rahi kia riro o te pānga. Maroke tukatuka hiko o hakari ore rino ha faingamālie ki te whakaiti i ngā utu, me tailings mākū whakatupuranga e pā ana ki-kume tuku iho, tēnei waka me mākū iahiko wehenga autō.
Kua whakawhanakehia STET he tukanga wehenga e āhei wehenga pai o te rere pungarehu, me ngā kohuke rite ki o ratou whakautu ina whai wāhi ki te mara hiko motuhake. Kua te hangarau kua tono pai ki te ahumahi rere pungarehu, me nga kohuke ahumahi ahumahi; a kei te tūhura i tēnei wā STET atu tatau mākete i reira i taea e ratou whakawehe whakahere he painga whakataetae. Ko tētahi o nga mākete hāngai ko te whakahoutanga o te pai ore rino.
Kua whakamana STET rangahau torotoro ki te maha tokahuke rino, me kua faaite hua whakamātau ki te rā e taea te ake whaina iti-kōeke rino ore i te tikanga o te whakawehe whitiki STET tribo-hiko. Ko te maroke STET tukanga wehenga hiko e horo'a maha ngā painga i runga i ngā tikanga tukatuka mākū tuku iho, tae atu i te kaha ki te whakahoki mai pai, me te ultra-pai rino e pai te kore kia ngaro ki tailings ki te tukatuka i te hangarau o tēnei wā. I tua atu, titau te hangarau kahore kohi wai, e hua i roto i te whakakorenga o te köurarangi, thickening me te whakamaroke, me te i tetahi utu me tūponotanga e pā ana ki te maimoatanga te wai, me te tikanga; kahore tailings mākū tikanga - kua kitea tata rahunga nui-kōtaha o tailings pāpuni te mōrea o te rokiroki tailings mākū wā roa-; a, kahore matū atu e hiahiatia ana, e na reira te roopu te utu haere tonu o tauhohenga me ohie tukua.
Rino ore Ko te ahumahi ki te hihiri e he rerekē i te tahi atu konganuku turanga. He tika ki tona mākete tāngata tenei, nga pukapuka production nui wāhi, me te hāngai utu e rua i runga i te pane, me te taha whakahaere [8] rite te pai kia rite ki te ngaro o te utu pokapū ä pērā i te London Metals Exchange. whakawhiti i tenei ki hoki nui e ka taea ina nga tākirirangi utu whakarunga me heu angiangi tawhē ina he direr huru. Ko kotahi take i muri i te pukapuka production nui me te aronga i runga i ngā utu production wae iti tenei.
Here, aroaro hua o te ako tātari o te ahumahi rino ore whakawhanakehia e STET me Soutex te i roto i te tikanga ki te tāutu i niches i nei i taea e te hangarau STET whakahere he painga ohaoha i roto i rite ki hangarau atu tikanga. Soutex Ko te kohuke tukatuka me te metallurgy mātanga, me he wheako hianga, mä, me te whakahaere ngā tukanga kukū rino ore, ki te māramatanga o te CAPEX, OPEX rite te pai rite nga āhuatanga hokohoko o te ahumahi ore rino. Hoki tenei ako, whakaratohia Soutex tona tohungatanga i roto i te arotake tono pea mō te wehenga triboelectrostatic i roto i te ore rino. whānuitanga Soutex 'ngā whanaketanga flowsheet me tikanga o te nui taumata-ako whakapaipai, me te mahi whakatau tata utu. Tenei tūhura pepa kitea e toru o nga tono te fafau te nuinga, i runga i te taumata hangarau, me te economical. I tāutuhia ēnei tono e toru rite: Whakahoutanga o whaina rino ore i roto i te maina o Ahitereiria DSO; scavenging o kareti pai rino i roto i hematite / concentrators magnetite; a, reprocessing o taonga-Fe tailings i ngā mahi Brazilians.
2.0 STET Triboelectrostatic Belt Whakawehe
whakahaeretia ngā i te whakamahi i te whitiki whakawehe tribo-hiko pae-tauine. whakamātautau pae-tauine ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te tukanga whakatinanatanga hangarau e toru-wāhanga, tae atu te aromātai pae-tauine, whakamātautau pairati-tauine, me te whakatinanatanga arumoni-tauine. Kei te whakamahia te whakawehe benchtop mō te tātari mō te taunakitanga o e mea tribo-hiko, me te ki te whakatau, ki te ko te rauemi he kaitono pai mō te beneficiation hiko. E te aroaro nga rerekētanga matua i waenganui i wahi ia o te taputapu i roto i te Ripanga 1. Ahakoa te taputapu e whakamahia ana i roto i ia wāhanga rerekē i roto i te rahi, Ko parau te parau tumu mahi te taua.
Kua arotakea STET maha ngā tauira rino ore i tauine pae me te kaupapa nui o te rino, me te pato'iraa o silicates kua kitea (Tirohia te Ripanga 2). i tīpakohia ngā āhuatanga whakamātau kia te whakaora rino vs. taea te unu hua rino kōpiko me muri ka whakamahia rite tāuru mo hei tauira ohaoha mahi
ripanga 2. hua pae-tauine i runga i rerekē tokahuke rino
| Exp | whāngai Fe wt.% | hua Fe wt.% | Absolute Fe Increase % | Fe Whakaora % | SiO2 Rejection % | D10 (μm) | D50 (μm) | D90 (μm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39.2 | 50.6 | 11.4 | 91.5 | 63.9 | 5 | 23 | 59 |
| 2 | 39.4 | 60.5 | 21.1 | 50.8 | 96.0 | 5 | 23 | 59 |
| 3 | 30.1 | 48.0 | 17.9 | 70.6 | 84.6 | 1 | 18 | 114 |
| 4 | 29.9 | 54.2 | 24.3 | 56.4 | 93.7 | 1 | 18 | 114 |
| 5 | 47.0 | 50.2 | 3.2 | 96.6 | 35.3 | 17 | 62 | 165 |
| 6 | 21.9 | 48.9 | 27.0 | 41.2 | 96.6 | 17 | 62 | 165 |
| 7 | 47.6 | 60.4 | 12.8 | 85.1 | 96.9 | 17 | 62 | 165 |
| 8 | 35.1 | 44.9 | 9.8 | 89.0 | 54.2 | 3 | 61 | 165 |
| 9 | 19.7 | 37.4 | 17.7 | 76.0 | 56.8 | 5 | 103 | 275 |
| 10 | 54.5 | 62.5 | 8.0 | 86.3 | 77.7 | 5 | 77 | 772 |
| 11 | 54.6 | 66.5 | 11.9 | 82.8 | 95.6 | 8 | 45 | 179 |
(Hi'o Wāhanga 3.0, Figure 4). hua whakamātautau atu e whakaatu ana hua wehenga i runga i te rino tauira ore te whakamahi i te hangarau STET e te aroaro i roto i te whakaputanga o mua i te STET runga tukatuka ore rino [9].
ripanga 1. tukanga whakatinanatanga-wāhanga e toru te whakamahi i STET hangarau whitiki whakawehe tribo-hiko.
| Wāhanga | Used For: | Electrode Length | Momo Tukanga |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1- Bench Scale Evaluation | Qualitative Evaluation | 250cm | Tāpiri |
| 2- Tauine Pūrere Testing | Quantitative evaluation | 610cm | Tāpiri |
| 3- arumoni Scale | arumoni Production | 610cm | Haere tonu |
I taea te kite i roto i Ripanga 1, te rerekētanga matua i waenganui i te whakawehe benchtop me pairati-tauine me whakawehe arumoni-tauine ko e te roa o te whakawehe benchtop ko āhua 0.4 wā te roa o ngā waeine pairati-tauine, me te arumoni-tauine. Ka rite ki te tōtika whakawehe ko te mahi o te roa kawehiko, e kore e taea te whakamahi whakamātautau pae-tauine rite te whakakapinga mō te whakamātautau kaiurungi-tauine. he tika whakamātautau pairati-tauine ki te whakatau i te whānuitanga o te wehenga i te tukanga STET taea te whakatutuki i te tauine arumoni, a ki te whakatau, ki te taea te whakatau tukanga STET nga ngā taumata hua i raro i reiti kai homai. Nā ki te rerekētanga i roto i te roa wehenga kaha i te tauine pae ki te tauine whakamätau, hua te nuinga whakapai ake i te tauine paerata.
2.1 Operation Tefito'i
I roto i te whitiki whakawehe tribo-hiko (kite Figure 1 me Figure 2), Kei te whangai rauemi ki te āputa kikokore 0.9 - 1.5 cm i waenganui i rua electrodes planar whakarara.
Kei te triboelectrically whakatupato nga matūriki i te interparticle whakapā. Hei tauira, i roto i te take o te tauira rino kei te nuinga hematite me kiripaka matūriki kohuke, te pai i ako (hematite) me te tōraro
i ako (kiripaka) E ngā ki electrodes ritenga. Kei te ka kahakina te matūriki ake mā te neke i te whitiki tuwhera-mata tonu, a tuku i roto i ngā tohutohu ritenga. Ko te whitiki neke te matūriki pātata ki ia kawehiko ki pito ritenga o te whakawehe. Ko te counter rere o nga matūriki wehe me nāianei tuturu triboelectric mea ai e collisions matūriki-matūriki whakarato hoki te wehenga maha-wā me te hua i roto i te viivii ore pai me te ora i roto i te kōwae kotahi-haere. Ko te whitiki e āhei mō te tukatuka i runga i matūriki pai, me te ultra-pai, tae atu matūriki iti atu i 20μm, mā te whakarato i te tikanga ki tonu te horoi i te mata o te electrodes me te tango i te matūriki pai, e kore e piri ki te mata o te electrodes. Te tere whitiki tiketike hoki āhei throughputs ake ki 40 tana ia haora i runga i te whakawehe kotahi e tonu tuku i roto i rauemi o te whakawehe. Na roto i te whakahaere ngā tawhā tukanga, te pūrere ka taea hoki arotautanga o kōeke kohuke me te whakaora.
Ko ngā ohie te hoahoa whakawehe. Ko te whitiki, me te awa e hāngai ana ko nga wahi anake neke. He pahoho me tito o te rauemi tino roa nga electrodes. Ko te whitiki Ko te wahi whakapau e titau kore auau engari wā whakakapinga, he tukanga i te mea e taea ki te kia oti e te kaiwhakahaere kotahi i roto i anake 45 meneti. Ko āhua i te roa whakawehe kawehiko 6 mita (20 ft.) me te whanui 1.25 mita (4 ft.) hoki rahi tonu wae arumoni (kite Figure 3). Ko iti iho i te kohi mana 2 kWh ia tone o rauemi tukatuka ki te nuinga o te kaha pau e rua motors peia te whitiki.
Ko te katoa maroke te tukanga, titau kahore rauemi atu, me te hua kore wai ururua tukunga rangi ranei. Hoki wehenga kohuke whakarato te whakawehe i te hangarau ki te whakaiti te whakamahi wai, whakawhānui ora rāhui, me te / ranei ora me te reprocess tailings.
Ko te compactness o te pūnaha e āhei hoki ngāwari i roto i whakaaro tāutanga. He pakari me te industrially kï te hangarau whitiki wehenga tribo-hiko, me te i te tuatahi tono industrially ki te tukatuka o rere ngingiha waro pungarehu i roto i 1995. he whai hua i roto i te wehe matūriki waro i te ngingiha otikore o waro te hangarau, i te matūriki aluminosilicate kohuke waiwai i roto i te pungarehu rere. Ko te hangarau kua mauihaa i roto i te faatupu hangarua o te pungarehu ngaro kohuke-taonga rite te whakakapinga sima i roto i te hanga raima.
Mai 1995, ki runga 20 Kua tukatuka miriona tana o rere hua pungarehu i te whakawehe STET tāuta i roto i te USA. whakarārangitia te hītori ahumahi o te rere wehenga pungarehu STET te i roto i te Ripanga 3.
I roto i te kohuke tukatuka, Kua te triboelectric hangarau whitiki whakawehe kua whakamahia ki te wehe i te whānui o ngā rauemi whānui tae atu konupāhiko / kiripaka, talc / magnesite, me barite / kiripaka.
ripanga 3. tono Industrial o wehenga whitiki tribo-hiko mō te rere pungarehu
| taputapu / teihana mana | wāhi | Start of commercial ngā mahi | wāhi taipitopito |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy - Roxboro Station | Te Tai Tokerau Carolina USA | 1997 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe |
| reo Energy- Brandon takutai | Maryland USA | 1999 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe |
| Power Scottish- Longannet Station | Scotland UK | 2002 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Jacksonville Electric-St. Pānga Hiko a Hōne Awa | Florida USA | 2003 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe |
| Hiko Hiko -R.D i te Tonga o R.D. apopo | Mississippi USA | 2005 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| New Brunswick Power-Belledune | New Brunswick Canada | 2005 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| O npower-Didcot Station | Ingarangi UK | 2005 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Taonga O te Moutere Pūkū-Pūkorangi | Pennsylvania USA | 2006 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe |
| Tampa Electric-Big Bend Station | Florida USA | 2008 | 3 Kaiwhakawehe |
| O npower Aberthaw-Station | Wales UK | 2008 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| EDF Energy-Te Hau-ā-uru Burton Station | Ingarangi UK | 2008 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| ZGP (Ārge Cement /Ciech Janikoshoho JV) | Poland | 2010 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Korea Tonga Power- Pirika | South Korea | 2014 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Mātā-Tīmata | Poland | 2018 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Taiheiyo Cement Company-Chichibu | Japan | 2018 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Aātea Rere a Aāpako- Pūrekara | Philippines | 2019 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Korea Tonga Power- Pahūpo | South Korea | 2019 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
3.0 tikanga
E toru (3) Kua tāutuhia take mō te aro mātai anō me e tukatuka i roto i te tikanga o te nui taumata-ako ōhanga me te mōrea / arotake faingamālie. hāngai ana te aro mātai i runga i te taonga pea he operator e kite i te whakauru hangarau o STET ki flowsheet o ratou whakato.
tata Mahinga o te whakawehe STET e rite ki whakamātautau tauine pae whakamana (Tirohia te Ripanga 2). Ko te raraunga huihui ki ngā tokahuke rino tukua te whakatika o te tauira whakaora i whakamahia ki te matapae i te ora mo te toru (3) mātai take. Figure 4 whakaatu te putanga o te tauira i roto i ngā o mahi me ngā utu. tohua te whakaora rino te tika i runga i te tutaki, against the iron beneficiation in %Fe. I roto i te whakamātautau tauine pae, i whakamatauria rite pai te haere kotahi i roto i te STET rite te flowsheet rua-haere. flowsheets rua-haere ngā te karaehe o te hiawero e te ngaru, Na te whakanui ake i te ora nui. Heoi, tenei whai wāhi mīhini STET atu me utu reira teitei. Ko te tutaki hapa i runga i te tutaki CAPEX tohu CAPEX utu rerekētanga i runga i te rahi kaupapa kei. whakaiti i nga whika CAPEX kotahitanga ki te rahi kaupapa. Ka rite ki te tauira, mo te ore angamaheni whakamatauria ki te flowsheet rua-haere, te hua o 15% i roto i te kōeke rino (i.e. i 50% Fe ki 65% Fe) e te matapae i te whakaora rino o 90%. E noa Lower faaoraraa e rino whakamahia i roto i te mātai take e whai ake nei i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaaro i te mate tūturu o te ora, ka whakaputa teitei kōeke aro rino ore.
Hoki ia ako take, aroaro te flowsheet te i te tikanga o te taumata nui me te taputapu matua anake whakaaturia te i roto i te tikanga ki te tautoko i te aro mātai economical. Hoki ia flowsheet, E whakatau tata nga economics i raro i te kāwai e whai ake nei: Capital utu (CAPEX); whakahaere utu (OPEX); a, Revenue. I tenei wā tātari, te taumata o te tika mo ia kāwai kei i te "tikanga o te nui" (± 50%).
tata CAPEX taputapu Main te whakamahi i pātengi ā- (Whakaratohia e Soutex) me ngā kōrero taputapu ka wātea. Kātahi ka whakaritea ngā āhuatanga ki te whakatū i te utu o e rua utu tauaro me te autaki. ngā ano uara STET motuhake CAPEX taputapu tuarua me ngā mana, te parahau i te factorization o raro mō te tāutanga, me te hanga hoki i tenei wahi o te taputapu. tito te i whakarite OPEX te o tiaki, hōpuni, mana me te utu whakapau. Ko te āhuatanga hangarau e whakaratohia ana e te tukanga flowsheet tautoko te aro mātai utu e rua i roto i ngā o CAPEX me OPEX, ka tata huānga utu e pā ana ki te tāutanga, me te whakamahi o te STET whitiki whakawehe tribo-hiko i te whakamahi i STET pātengi raraunga o kaupapa oti, me te rino ore mahi whakamātautau tauine pae.
Ko te whika whakamahia i roto i te aromātai utu e whai ake nei e ahu i Figure 4. Ka rite ki te tauira, mo te ore angamaheni whakamatauria ki e rua-haere o te kukū me te whakapiki ake i o 15% i roto i te kōeke rino (i.e. i 50% Fe ki 65% Fe) e utu a tawhio noa 135 000$ ia ton / h i CAPEX me 2 $ / t i OPEX (toni o kareti rino). Ka rite ki i te tikanga tenei kia rite ki te ako tātaritanga, I whakaritea e te reira ki te noho momo i runga i te utu hua me ki te mahi i tātaritanga te tūtohutanga versus te kōeke whakamutunga, me te utu hua. Ka rite ki o Noema 2019, 62% Seaborne ringarehe rino ore a tawhio 80USD / t, ki te pähekeheke tiketike rawa.
Ko hoki te moni i runga i te rino ore wae kareti rawa te ahua, me te tei runga i ngā āhuatanga maha pērā i te täoke me nga hiahia i te kiritaki motuhake. Ko te rerekētanga utu i waenganui i 65% rino me 62% rino te tonu te huri i roto i te wā. I roto i 2016, ko iti te rerekētanga (a tawhio noa 1 $/t/%Fe) engari i roto i 2017-2018, piki tata te moni ki 10 $/t/%Fe. I te wa o tenei tuhituhi, Ko reira tēnei wā a tawhio noa 3 $/t/%Fe [10]. ripanga 4 whakaaturanga tīpakohia ngā paearu hoahoa whakamahia mo te i whakarite utu.
ripanga 4. Whakapae mō te Economic ngā aromātai.
tata te te wa payback i te tuatahi o nga tau o te hanga. Hoki ia kaupapa, te atu e rua (2) kia tau kia whakaaro hoki te hanga. uara te rere moni (utu me te hua) E utu i te timatanga o te hanganga.
4.0 tukanga Beneficiation i roto i te mahi maroke DSO
ore kaipuke Hāngai (DSO) kaupapa hua te rōrahi nui o ore rino i roto i te ao, matua kai te mākete o Haina me te nuinga o te rōrahi mai i Western Australia (WA) a Brazil. I roto i 2017, nui te rōrahi o te ore rino hua i roto i WA 800 miriona toni me te rōrahi o Brazil ko a tawhio noa 350 miriona toni [11]. He tino māmā nga tukanga beneficiation, arā, te nuinga o te kuru, horoi me te wehewehe [12].
Beneficiation o ultra-whaina ki te whakaputa i te 65% Fe kareti ko ha faingamālie mo te mākete DSO. Ko te huarahi i tangohia mō te aromātai i te painga hangarau STET mō kaupapa DSO ko te hokohoko-atu i waenganui i te whakaputa i ngā iti-kōeke rino ultra-whaina me te rerekē o te whakaputa i te hua ki te uara tāpiri i muri i STET beneficiation. whakaarohia te flowsheet (Figure 5) whakaaro te mahi DSO paki i roto i WA e e kaweake tēnei wā i roto i ona hua ultra-whaina i 58% Fe. Ko te rerekē e aro i te ultra-whaina i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i te uara o te hua whakamutunga. ripanga 5 hakari etahi o nga paearu hoahoa me te toenga papatipu taumata-tiketike whakamahia i roto i te i whakarite o te moni. E kore e te orebody i roto i ngā o te kōeke me te kaha tohu i tētahi kaupapa tīariari engari he kaupapa DSO angamaheni i roto i ngā o te rahi me te hanga.
ripanga 5. Ultra-pai Paearu DSO Beneficiation Plant Design me Mass Balance.
Figure 5. Flowsheets Whakaritea i roto i te DSO hokohoko-atu
ripanga 6 hakari te CAPEX taumata-tiketike, OPEX me hua tata. Ko te tata CAPEX ngā te tua o te pūnaha kawenga-i roto i whakatapua hou (te Hiro Loadout me te utanga motokā), me te te pūnaha STET. I roto i te tikanga ki te arotake i te hokinga mai o te flowsheet whakaarohia, hanga te tātari ohaoha kei a tawhio noa te hokohoko-atu i waenganui i te take beneficiation me te hoko o te hua iti-kōeke. I roto i te take beneficiation, heke te rōrahi te engari faarahi te moni i runga i wae rino te utu hoko tino. I roto i te OPEX, whakaratohia he whakarite ai te mo te tukatuka ore whakarunga (keri, kuru, whakarōpū me te maminga).
Ahakoa te whakaiti i te rōrahi tino, Ko ngā hoatu te hoki te moni i runga i te kōeke teitei rino ore kareti. Ko te tātai hoki tino ti'aturi i runga i tenei moni, i Kua whakanui ake i roto i nga tau torutoru whakamutunga e tika ana ki ngā take taiao. Ka rite ki faaite runga ake (ripanga 6), te painga ohaoha o te kaupapa, he taua ko tino ti'aturi i runga i te rerekētanga utu i waenganui i 58% rino me 65% rino. I roto i tenei aro mātai o nāianei, ko tenei moni utu 30.5 $/t, e whakaata āhua i te āhuatanga mākete o nāianei. Heoi, kua mua hora tenei moni utu i 15 - 50 $/t.
5.0 Scavenging Tukanga i roto i te Gravity
Plant wehenga
concentrators Iron i roto i te Amerika Te Tai Tokerau whakamahi rohe kukū mahara i te mea he ara pai o te tutonu i hematite me magnetite, rawa hoki te hautanga rahi i runga 75μm [5,13]. Hematite / otaota magnetite i roto i tenei rohe nuinga whakamahi koropetau rite te tukanga wehenga tuatahi, me te whakauru hoki iti Kaha Separation autō kaupae (LIMS). He take noa puta noa i ngā tipu hematite / magnetite ko te ora o te rino pai rite te tailings rino moni maha tae taumata rite tiketike rite 20%. pā ana te wero matua kei te ki hematite pai, rite whakauaua te rino pai e taea te ora ake e koropetau ka he rānei i ki LIMS whakamahia ki te ora magnetite pai. roto i te rerekē, Ko tino whai hua te whakawehe STET i wehe matūriki pai, tae atu ki ngā matūriki i raro microns 20μm te wahi e iti whai hua LIMS me koropetau. Na reira, te waipuke i te hydrosizer kaihoroi (tāngata whai i whakaware) kai koropetau scavenger ko te pai pai mō te hangarau STET. aroaro te flowsheet whakaarohia i roto i te Whakaahua 6.
I roto i tenei whirihoranga, ngā taputapu hou te raina e taia whero i roto i te tipu ngā. I raro i te flowsheet whakaarohia, hei utu o te recirculated, e te tukatuka i te waipuke tāngata whakawarenga e koropetau karaehe whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga rerekē atu koropetau ngaru. taea te hua te kareti pai rino, me te maroke. e na te kareti maroke kia whakahaua ki te whakawehe STET i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaputa i te kareti whakamutunga o kōeke Inarā i. taea te hokohoko te hua pai wehe tahi ranei ki toe hanga concentrator.
ripanga 7 hakari nga paearu hoahoa me te toenga papatipu taumata-tiketike whakamahia i roto i te i whakarite o te moni.
ripanga 8 hakari te CAPEX taumata-tiketike, OPEX me hua tata.
Tenei tātaritanga tohu e te hokinga mai o te whakatinana i te ara iahiko karaehe e pā ana te hangarau STET he atu whakaaro ātaahua me te mana mau.
Ko tētahi atu painga o maroke te kareti pai rino, ka whakatairite ki hangarau whakataetae ko te painga e pā ana hua i te whāwhā materia i muri nei kukū. he raruraru kareti Tino pai mākū e pā ana ki tātari, whāwhā me te waka. Mīti raruraru i roto i te tereina, me te fluxing i roto i kaipuke renders te whakamaroke o te kareti rawa pai ētahi wā whakahauanga. reira i taea e STET whakamaroke tāmau riro pai.
6.0 Beneficiation o Palāsilá Tailings
whakatakoto
Beneficiation o tailings pai puta rite te tono uara-tapiritia hoki pūtukatuka ki valorize te hangarau STET, rite te rauemi kei te minita hurihia me wātea mō te utu iti. Ahakoa tailings rino ore putunga amo taumata teitei o te rino e kitea i roto i nga wahi maha, wāhi i reira e ohie nga logistics kia fana'o mō te aro mātai atu. putunga Palāsilá kei roto māka Fe tiketike, me te rautaki kei tata ngā hanganga waka taea tohu i te rave'a pai mō pūtukatuka ki painga i te whakatinanatanga o te STET hangarau tribo-hiko. whakaarohia te flowsheet (Figure 7) whakaaro he Fe-taonga tailings Beresiria mahi paki i roto i nei e hei hangarau STET te tukanga beneficiation anake.
whakaaro te moni tāpui te ki hei nui nui ki te whakarato i tekau tau o te kai i te tere tau o 1.5 M ton / tau. Hoki tenei tauari, Kei te kua minita hurihia te ore kai ki te D50 o ~ 50μm a e hiahia te ore ki kia tei ope i, kawea a ka maroke i mua beneficiation tribo-hiko. e na te kareti ka utaina ki runga i tereina / kaipuke me nga tailings hou e kia rongoatia e i roto i te whare hou.
ripanga 9 hakari te pauna paearu hoahoa me te taumata-tiketike papatipu whakamahia i roto i te i whakarite o te moni. ripanga 10 hakari te CAPEX taumata-tiketike, OPEX me hua tata.
Ka rite ki faaite i roto i te Ripanga 10, Ko ātaahua te hokinga o te whakatinana i te hangarau STET mo te beneficiation o tailings Beresiria. ano, i te hi'oraa taiao ko ano hoki te flowsheet whakaarohia ngaro painga rite te beneficiation o tailings maroke e whakaiti tailings rahi me te mata, a e hoki whakaiti i te tūponotanga e pā ana ki mākū te tikanga tailings.
7.0 Aparauraa me Tūtohutanga
Kua oti pai faaite te whakawehe STET i tauine pae ki motuhake ore pai rino, Na whakahere pūtukatuka he tikanga pukapuka ki te ora whaina e pai te kore kia uaua ki te tukanga ki ngā auroro sellable ki hangarau ngā.
Ko te flowsheets arotakea e STET me Soutex he tauira o tukatuka rino ore e kia whai hua i te wehenga triboelectrostatic maroke. Ko te toru (3) e kore e motuhake whakawhanakehia flowsheets aroaro i roto i tenei ako, a kia whakaaro atu ētahi. Tenei ako tuatahi tohu e tukanga karaehe e pā ana utu iti whakamaroke, DSO ngā mahi me tailings beneficiation whai i te tupono pai o te angitu arumoni.
Ko tētahi atu painga i roto i te tukatuka maroke ko i runga i te rokiroki tailings - e penapena wā i roto i te nui tailings roto – rite tailings maroke e whai i te painga o te whakakore i te tūpono taiao nui. ngā tailings rahunga katua Tata, me te pai whakapuakina te hiahia mo te whakahaere tailings.
Ko te kōkuhunga ki tenei ako e whakamahia ana ki te tātai i te rino kōeke ore me te whakaora i pae tauine hua wehenga mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira rino ore mai i ngā rohe maha. Heoi, te mineralogy me te whakaoranga āhuatanga o ia ore he ahurei, reira kia arotakea tauira kiritaki rino ore i pae tauine pairati ranei. I roto i te taahiraa i muri o te whanaketanga, nga flowsheets e toru arotakea i teie pepa kia ako i roto i te atu taipitopito.
I te pae hopea, E tēnei wā atu hangarau i raro i ako mō te pai whakaora rino pērā i hiahia, Jigs me classifiers Reflux. Kei te mohiotia kua reira e riro maha tukanga wehenga mākū hauarea mō matūriki i raro i 45μm me reira hangarau STET ai whai he painga i roto i te awhe rawa pai, kua kite rite STET mahi pai ki kai rite pai rite 1μm. kia whakahaeretia te hokohoko-atu ōkawa ako whakatairite i te hangarau faahitihia ki STET, e e ngā aromatawai mahi, kaha, utu, etc. I roto i taua ara taea te miramira te wāhi pai mō te STET me parakore.
Tohutoro
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