Zabi Harshe:
STET Triboelectrostatic separation has been used for the commercial beneficiation of coal combustion fly ash to produce a low carbon product for use as a cement replacement in concrete for nearly 20 years….
download PDFF. Hrach, S. Gasiorowski, H.Guicherd
ST Boats & Technologies LLC (STET), 101 Hampton Avenue, Needham MA 02494 USA
taro: Vietbuild Ho Chi Minh City - Yuni 2015
keywords: Triboelectrostatic, Beneficiation, Dry Fly Ash, Carbon Rabuwa Tsokaci
STET Triboelectrostatic rabuwa an yi amfani da kasuwanci beneficiation na ci konewa gardama ash, don samar da wani low carbon samfurin don amfani a matsayin ciminti maye a kankare domin kusan shekaru ashirin da. tare da 18 separators a 12 ci-kora ikon shuke-shuke a fadin duniya, ST Boats & Technology LLC ta (STET) jadadda mallaka electrostatic SEPARATOR an yi amfani da su nuna a kan 15 Ton miliyan na low carbon samfurin.
don kwanan wata, kasuwanci beneficiation na gardama ash an yi musamman kan bushe "gudu daga tashar" ash. STET ta electrostatic beneficiation fasahar rage carbon abun ciki na ci gardama ash, samar da daidaito da, low carbon ash don amfani a matsayin maimakon ciminti. Tashi ash tare da carbon matakai har zuwa 25% An yi amfani da su nuna ash tare da wani sarrafawa carbon matakin na 2 ± 0.5%. A carbon-arziki samfurin da aka lokaci guda samar warke man fetur darajar da carbon.
GABATARWA
A American Coal Ash Association (ACAA) sifiyo, game da samar da da kuma yin amfani da kwal gardama ash rahoton cewa tsakanin 1966 da kuma 2011, a kan 2.3 biliyan short ton na gardama ash an samar da kwal-kori mai amfani boilers.1 Daga wannan adadin, kamar 625 ton miliyan an beneficially amfani, mafi yawa na siminti da kuma kankare samarwa. Duk da haka, sauran 1.7+ ya kai tan biliyan ana da farko samu a landfills ko cika ponded impoundments. Duk da yake yin amfani rates for freshly generated gardama ash sun karu da yawa a kan 'yan shekarun nan, tare da na yanzu rates kusa 45%, kamar 40 ton miliyan na gardama ash ci gaba da za a zubar da shekara. Duk da yake yin amfani rates a Turai sun kasance ya fi yadda a Amurka, babba kundin na gardama ash sun kuma an adana a landfills da impoundments a wasu kasashen Turai. An wuce kima adadin unburned carbon a gardama ash ne ya fi kowa matsala. Amirka Ƙungiyar Gwamnatin Babbar Hanya kuma Transport Jami'ai (Aas ः zuwa) da kuma Turai Standards (EN 450 category A) bukatar da cewa adadin unburned carbon a gardama ash, auna da asara a kan ƙonewa (DOKA) ba su wuce 5% da nauyi. Duk da haka, fara a tsakiyar shekarun 1990s, shigarwa na aiwatar da kudurin NOx iko kayan aiki a ci-kora ikon shuke-shuke karu da carbon (DOKA) abun ciki na yawa na baya marketable gardama ash. Bugu da ari bukatun don rage NOx da sauran ikon shuka watsi sun sa a samu na gardama ash tare da ammonia. A matsayin sakamako, yayin da fahimtar amfanin yin amfani da gardama ash a kankare ta ci gaba da kara, samuwar dace ingancin gardama ash aka ragewa. Matakai don tattalin arziki beneficiate kashe-ingancin gardama ash haka ne ma na kara sha'awa da iko da kankare masana'antu. STET ya fara, irin matakai duka biyu carbon da kuma ammonia kau daga gardama ash.
Technology Overview - gardama ash carbon rabuwa
A STET carbon SEPARATOR (Figure 1), da kayan da aka ciyar da a cikin bakin ciki rata tsakanin biyu a layi daya planar wayoyin. A barbashi an triboelectrically cajin da interparticle
lamba. A gaskiya ma cajin carbon da barnatar da cajin ma'adinai (a freshly generated ash cewa ba a wetted da bushe) suna janyo hankalin zuwa gaban wayoyin. A barbashi an sa'an nan share up da a ci gaba da dabba ba a kanta bel da kuma isar da a gaban kwatance. A bel motsa barbashi m zuwa kowane lantarki wajen m iyakar da SEPARATOR. A high bel gudun ma sa sosai high throughputs, har zuwa 36 ton a kowace awa a kan wani guda SEPARATOR. The kananan rata, high ƙarfin lantarki filin, countercurrent kwarara, ƙwazo barbashi-barbashi agitation da kuma kai-tsaftacewa mataki na bel a kan wayoyin ne m fasali na STET SEPARATOR. By iko daban-daban aiwatar sigogi, kamar bel gudun, da abinci batu, da abinci kudi, da STET aiwatar samar low Loi gardama ash a carbon abinda ke ciki na kasa da 1.5 to 4.5% daga abinci gardama toka jere a Loi daga 4% to kan 25%.
Ɓaure. 1 STET SEPARATOR
A SEPARATOR zane ne in mun gwada da sauki kuma m. A na'ura tsara don aiwatar 36 ton a kowace awa ne kamar 9 m (30 ft.) dogon, 1.5 m (5 ft.) m, da kuma 2.75 m (9 ft.) high. A bel da Associated rollers ne kawai motsi sassa. A wayoyin ne na kullum da kuma hada da wani kasafi m kaya. A bel da aka sanya na nonconductive roba. A SEPARATOR ta ikon amfani ne game da 1 kilowatt-hour da tonne da kayan sarrafa shi da mafi yawan ikon cinye ta biyu Motors tuki da bel.
A tsari ne gaba ɗaya bushe, bukatar wani ƙarin kayan wanin gardama ash da kuma samar da wani ruwa mai guba ko iska watsi. A gano kayan kunshi gardama ash rage a carbon abun ciki zuwa matakan dace da amfani a matsayin pozzolanic admixture a kankare, da kuma wani babban carbon sulusi da murabba'i amfani kamar man fetur. Yin amfani da biyu samfurin kõguna na samar da wani 100% warware tashi ash dashi matsaloli.
Gano man fetur da Tamanin high-carbon gardama ash
Bugu da kari ga low carbon samfurin don amfani a kankare, alama mai suna ProAsh®, da STET rabuwa aiwatar ma Recovers in ba haka ba halakarda unburned carbon a cikin nau'i na carbon-arziki gardama ash, akayi EcoTherm™. EcoTherm™ yana da muhimmanci man fetur darajar da za a iya mayar da su zuwa da wutar lantarki na shuka amfani da STET EcoTherm™ Koma tsarin don rage kwal amfani a shuka. lokacin da EcoTherm™ An ƙone a cikin tukunyar jirgi mai amfani, makamashi daga konewa da aka tuba zuwa high matsa lamba / high-zazzabi tururi, sa'an nan kuma su da wutar lantarki a wannan ingancinsu kamar yadda kwal, yawanci 35%. A hira da gano thermal makamashi da wutar lantarki a ST Boats & Technology LLC EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin ne biyu zuwa uku sau fi da cewa da m fasahar inda makamashi da aka gano a matsayin low-sa kadan a cikin nau'i na zafi ruwa wanda aka kẽwayãwa zuwa tukunyar jirgi feed ruwa tsarin. EcoTherm™ kuma an yi amfani da matsayin tushen silica da kuma alumina a ciminti kilns, wuce da mafi tsada raw kayan, kamar shale ko haƙar, wanda ake amfani da ciminti samarwa. Amfani da high carbon EcoTherm™ ash ko dai a wani ikon shuka ko wani ciminti kiln, maximizes da makamashi dawo daga tsĩrar da kwal, rage bukatar Nãwa kuma safarar ƙarin man fetur zuwa wuraren.
STET ta Talen Energy Brandon gaba, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, kuma RWEnpower Aberthaw tashi ash shuke-shuke, duk sun hada da EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin. A muhimmanci aka gyara daga cikin tsarin aka gabatar a Figure 2.
Ɓaure. 2 EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin
STET Ash sarrafa wuraren
Sarrafawa low Loi gardama ash aka samar da STET ta fasaha a goma sha biyu ikon tashoshin ko'ina cikin Amurka, Canada, da U.K., Poland, da kuma Jamhuriyar Korea. ProAsh® tashi ash
An yarda da amfani da kan ashirin jihar karauka hukumomi, kazalika da yawa wasu jaddadawa hukumomin. ProAsh® kuma an bokan karkashin Kanad Standards Association da EN 450:2005 ingancin nagartacce a Turai. Ash aiki da wuraren yin amfani da STET fasahar aka jera a cikin Table 1.
Table 1. STET Commercial Ayyuka
| mai amfani / Power Station | location | Fara na Commercial yadda ake gudanar da | Facility Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy – Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | Satumba. 1997 | 2 Separators |
| Energy harsuna - Brandon Shores Station | Maryland USA | Afrilu 1999 | 2 Separators 35,000 ton ajiya Dome. Ecotherm™ Return 2008 |
| Shchotash (Lafarge / Scottish Power hadin gwiwa Venture) - Longannet Station | Scotland UK | Oct. 2002 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Jacksonville Electric Authority - St. John ta River Power Park, FL | Florida USA | Mayu 2003 | 2 Separators Coal / Petcoke blends ammonia Removal |
| South Mississippi Electric Power Authority R.D. Morrow Station | Mississippi USA | Jan. 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm™ Return |
| New Brunswick Power Company Belledune Station | New Brunswick, Canada | Afrilu 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR Coal / Petcoke blends Ecotherm™ Return |
| OF npower Didcot Station | Ingila UK | Agusta 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm™ Return |
| Harsuna Energy Brunner Island Station | Pennsylvania USA | Disamba 2006 | 2 Separators 40,000 Ton ajiya Dome |
| Tampa Electric Co. Big Bend Station | Florida USA | Afrilu 2008 | 3 Separators, biyu izinin 25,000 Ton ajiya Dome ammonia Removal |
| OF npower Aberthaw Station (Lafarge ciminti UK) | Wales UK | Satumba 2008 | 1 SEPARATOR ammonia Removal Ecotherm™ Return |
| EDF Energy West Burton Station (Lafarge Siminti UK, Cemex) | Ingila UK | Oktoba 2008 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm™ Return |
| ZGP (Lafarge Siminti Poland / Ciech Janikosoda Jb) | Poland | Maris 2010 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Korea ta Kudu-Gabas Power Yeongheung Units 5&6 | Koriya ta Kudu | Satumba 2014 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm™ Return |
| Lafarge Siminti Poland Warsaw | Poland | 2016 | 1 SEPARATOR |
karshe
Maximizing da yin amfani da gardama ash a matsayin ciminti canza a kankare samar ma rage carbon dioxide watsi hade tare da yi aiki. Duk da haka, Gurbacewar kula da tsarin aiwatar da ci-kora ikon tashoshin sun sa a rage samuwa gardama ash taron kankare-sa bayani dalla-dalla. Bugu da ari ƙasƙanci daga gardama ash ingancin ana sa ran saboda kara ragi a fagen halal din gas watsi. Domin kauce wa asarar wannan muhimmanci da hanya da kayan for kankare samar kazalika da rage greenhouse gas watsi hade tare da kankare yi, matakai domin maido da ingancin da gardama ash a wani tattalin arziki da kuma tsabtace muhalli mai yiwuwa hanyar da ake bukata.
A beneficiation na gardama ash tare da STET matakai kara qara samar da wannan muhimmin abu. A STET beneficiation matakai ci gaba da zama mafi baje amfani da hanyoyin hažaka in ba haka ba unusable gardama ash zuwa high-darajar kayan for ciminti maye a kankare. Goma sha takwas na ra'ayi carbon separators ne a halin yanzu a wurin da a kan 100 inji-shekara na aiki.
ProAsh® ya sami fadi da yarda a cikin kankare masana'antu a matsayin wani premium gardama ash bukata nisa kasa saka idanu na iska entrainment bukatun saboda kasa Loi canzawa fiye da sauran toka. Dawo da high-carbon tattara daga STET aiwatar da tukunyar jirgi a ikon shuka damar dawo da na gano carbon man fetur darajar a wani ingancinsu kama kwal. STET yayi tattali wajen mai da ash ga high-darajar amfani da za in ba haka ba za a landfilled. Electrostatic carbon da rabuwa da kuma Ecotherm™ komawa zuwa tukunyar jirgi samar da wani ire warware wani mai amfani da gardama ash bukatun. Wadannan matakai za a iya aiwatar a bulan, ko kamar guda aikin.
nassoshi
[1] American Coal Ash Coal konewa kayayyakin da Amfani Statistics:
https://www.acaa-usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports/
