Tīpakohia Reo:
STET Triboelectrostatic separation has been used for the commercial beneficiation of coal combustion fly ash to produce a low carbon product for use as a cement replacement in concrete for nearly 20 years….
Tikiake i te PDFF. Hrach, S. Gasiorowski, H.Guicherd
ST Taputapu & Technologies LLC (STET), 101 Hampton Avenue, Needham MA 02494 USA
AMUIRAA: Vietbuild Ho Chi Minh City - Pipiri 2015
KEYWORDS: Triboelectrostatic, Beneficiation, Maroke Fly Ash, Waro Separation Abstract
Kua STET Triboelectrostatic wehenga kua whakamahia hoki te beneficiation arumoni o te rere waro ngingiha pungarehu ki te whakaputa i te hua waro iti mō te whakamahi rite te whakakapinga sima i roto i te raima tata rua tekau tau mo. ki te 18 whakawehe i roto i 12 tipu te mana waro-pupuhi puta noa te ao, ST Taputapu & Hangarau LLC o (STET) Kua arai whakawehe hiko kua whakamahia ki te whakaputa i runga i 15 Miriona tana o hua waro iti.
ki te rā, Kua beneficiation arumoni o te rere pungarehu kua whakamana anake i runga i maroke "oma o teihana" pungarehu. hangarau beneficiation hiko o STET whakaiti te ihirangi waro o te waro pungarehu rere, te whakaputa ōrite, pungarehu waro iti mō te whakamahi hei whakakapinga mō te sima. Rere pungarehu ki ngā taumata waro ki runga ki 25% Kua whakamahia ki te whakaputa i te pungarehu ki te taumata waro whakahaeretia o 2 ± 0.5%. Kei te wā kotahi whakaputaina te hua waro-taonga ki te ora i te uara wahie o te waro.
KUPU WHAKATAKI
Te American Coal Ash Association (ACAA) rangahau ā-tau o te hanga me te whakamahi o te waro pungarehu rere pūrongo e waenganui i 1966 a 2011, ki runga 2.3 piriona toni poto o te rere pungarehu kua whakaputaina e whaipainga boilers.1 waro-pupuhi o tenei nui, āhua 625 Kua whakamahia maitai miriona toni, te nuinga hoki sima me te hanga raima. Heoi, te toe 1.7+ E matua kitea piriona toni i roto i landfills ki tonu impoundments ponded ranei. Ahakoa kua nui haere auau whakamahi mō te pungarehu rere korari hanga tino i runga i tau tata nei, ki reiti nāianei tata 45%, āhua 40 miriona toni o rere pungarehu tonu ki te kia nga tikanga o tau. I reiti whakamahi i roto i Europe kua nui ki runga ake i roto i te US, nui pukapuka o rere pungarehu kua hoki kua rongoa i roto i landfills me impoundments i roto i te tahi mau whenua Pākehā. He nui nui o te waro unburned i roto i te rere pungarehu ko te raruraru tino noa. Ko te American Association o State Highway me Transportation āpiha (Aas ः ki) a Standards Pākehā (EN 450 kāwai A) rapu e te nui o te waro unburned i roto i te rere pungarehu, whanganga e ngaronga i pātīmata (TURE) e kore e nui 5% he mea pauna. Heoi, tīmata i roto i te waenganui-1990, nui haere tāutanga o taputapu mana NOx mana kōkiri i ngā tipu te mana waro-pupuhi te waro (TURE) ihirangi o nui o te pungarehu ngaro i mua hoko. Kua hua atu whakaritenga ki te whakaiti NOx me ētahi atu pira mana te tipu i roto i te paru o te rere pungarehu ki te haukini. Ka rite ki te putanga, i te mahara ki nga hua o te whakamahi i rere pungarehu i roto i te raima tonu ki te whakapiki ake i, Kei te whakaiti i te wātea o te pungarehu rere kounga e tika ana. Processes ki beneficiate ōhanga atu-te kounga e te kupu hoki rere pungarehu o te whakanui ake i te pānga ki te mana, me te raima ahumahi. Kua tāimu'a STET taua tukanga mō rua waro me te haukini tango i te rere pungarehu.
WHÄNUI TECHNOLOGY - te rere ASH waro wehenga
I roto i te whakawehe STET waro (Figure 1), Kei te whangai te rauemi ki te āputa angiangi i waenganui i rua electrodes planar whakarara. Kei te triboelectrically whakatupato nga matūriki i te interparticle
whakapā. Ko te waro pai whakatupato me te kohuke tōraro whakatupato (i roto i te pungarehu korari hanga kore i i i nana, ka maroke) E ngā ki electrodes ritenga. Kei te ka kahakina te matūriki ake e te whitiki pokarekarenga tonu a tuku i roto i ngā tohutohu ritenga. Ko te whitiki neke te matūriki pātata ki ia kawehiko ki pito ritenga o te whakawehe. Te tere whitiki tiketike āhei hoki throughputs tiketike rawa, ki runga ki 36 tana ia haora i runga i te whakawehe kotahi. Ko te āputa iti, mara ngaohiko teitei, rere countercurrent, maia rōpū matūriki-matūriki me whaiaro horoi-mahi o te whitiki i runga i te electrodes ko nga āhuatanga tino o te whakawehe STET. Na roto i te whakahaere ngā tawhā tukanga, pērā i te tere whitiki, te wāhi kai, me te auau kai, te tukanga STET hua iti pungarehu rere loi i tirotiro waro o iti iho i te 1.5 ki 4.5% i kai pungarehu rere kopikopiko i roto i te loi i 4% ki runga i 25%.
Fig. 1 STET Whakawehe
Ko ngā ohie, me te kiato te hoahoa whakawehe. He mīhini hangaia ki te tukatuka 36 tana ia haora, ko te āhua 9 m (30 ft.) roa, 1.5 m (5 ft.) whānui, a 2.75 m (9 ft.) tiketike. Ko te whitiki, me te awa e hāngai ana ko nga wahi anake neke. He pahoho me tito o te rauemi tika roa nga electrodes. hanga te whitiki e o kirihou nonconductive. kohi mana o te whakawehe ko e pā ana ki 1 kirowati-haora ia tone o rauemi tukatuka ki te nuinga o te kaha pau e rua motors peia te whitiki.
Ko te katoa maroke te tukanga, titau kahore rauemi atu atu atu i te pungarehu rere, me te hua kore puunaha rangi ranei tukunga. Ko te rauemi ora ake ngā o pungarehu rere iti i roto i te te ihirangi waro ki taumata e tika ana mō te whakamahi rite he hawhekaihe pozzolanic i roto i te raima, me te hautanga waro teitei whai hua rite wahie. Whakamahi o awa hua e rua whakarato te 100% otinga ki te rere raruraru te hoko pungarehu.
Tuhinga Fuel ora ake ana i HIGH-Waro te rere ASH
I tua atu ki te hua waro iti mō te whakamahi i roto i te raima, waitohu ingoa ProAsh®, te tukanga wehenga STET ora te kore maumauria ano waro unburned i te puka o te pungarehu ngaro waro-taonga, EcoTherm parani™. EcoTherm™ He uara wahie nui, me te ngāwari e taea te hoki mai ki te whakato mana hiko mā te whakamahi i te EcoTherm STET™ Hoki pūnaha ki te whakaiti i te whakamahi waro i te tipu. A, no te EcoTherm™ Kei te tahuna i roto i te kōhua whaipainga, Kei te tahuri te pūngao i parariraa ki te pēhanga teitei / tiketike-pāmahana mamaoa me ka ki te hiko i te tōtika taua rite waro, te nuinga 35%. Ko te faafariuraa o te pūngao ngāwhā ora ake ki te hiko i roto i ST Taputapu & Hangarau LLC EcoTherm™ Ko e rua ki te toru nga wa ki runga ake i taua o te hangarau whakataetae te wahi ora ake te pūngao kei te rite te wera iti-kōeke i roto i te puka o te wai wera huri nei ki te pūnaha wai kai kōhua pūnaha Hoki. EcoTherm™ Kei te whakamahia hoki rite te puna o te silica, me te alumina i roto i tahunga sima, displacing nga rauemi raw atu te utu, pērā i tokauku bauxite ranei, e whakamahia i roto i te raima production. Whakamahi i te EcoTherm waro tiketike™ pungarehu rānei i te tipu te mana i te oumu, sima ranei, hei kaha te whakaora pūngao i te waro tukua, whakaiti i te hiahia ki te oku, ka kawe wahie atu ki te whakaurunga.
a STET Talen Energy Brandon takutai, SMEPA R.D. apopo, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy Te Hau-ā-uru Burton, a rere RWEnpower Aberthaw tipu pungarehu, ngā katoa EcoTherm™ pūnaha Hoki. E te aroaro nga wāhanga faufaa o te pūnaha i roto i te Whakaahua 2.
Fig. 2 EcoTherm™ pūnaha Hoki
Tukatuka whakaurunga STET ASH
whakaputaina te mana rere pungarehu loi iti te ki te hangarau o STET i teihana mana kotahi tekau ma rua puta noa i te US, Canada, te U.K., Poland, me te Republic o Korea. ProAsh® rere pungarehu
Kua whakaaetia hoki te whakamahi i runga i rua tekau mana huanui kāwanatanga, me te maha atu pokapū whakatakotoranga. Kua hoki ProAsh® kua tohu i raro i te Canadian Standards Association ko EN 450:2005 paerewa kounga i roto i Europe. whakaurunga tukatuka pungarehu whakamahi hangarau STET e whakarārangitia i roto i te Ripanga 1.
ripanga 1. STET Commercial Operations
| taputapu / Power Teihana | wāhi | Tīmata o arumoni ngā mahi | Taipitopito wāhi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy – Roxboro Station | Te Tai Tokerau Carolina USA | Hepetema. 1997 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe |
| reo Energy - Brandon Shores Station | Maryland USA | April 1999 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe 35,000 dome ton rokiroki. Ecotherm™ Return 2008 |
| Shchotash (Lafarge / Scottish Power Tahi Venture) - Longannet Station | Scotland UK | Oct. 2002 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Jacksonville Electric Mana - st. Awa Power Park o Hoani, FL | Florida USA | kia 2003 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe Ranu Coal / Petcoke Tangohanga haukini |
| South Mississippi Electric Power Authority R.D. apopo Station | Mississippi USA | Jan. 2005 | 1 kaiwhakawehe Ecotherm™ Return |
| New Brunswick Power Company Belledune Station | New Brunswick, Canada | April 2005 | 1 kaiwhakawehe Coal / Petcoke Ranu Ecotherm™ Return |
| o npower Didcot Station | Ingarangi UK | August 2005 | 1 kaiwhakawehe Ecotherm™ Return |
| Reo Energy Brunner Island Station | Pennsylvania USA | Hakihea 2006 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe 40,000 Ton dome rokiroki |
| Tampa Electric Co. Big Bend Station | Florida USA | April 2008 | 3 Kaiwhakawehe, haere rua 25,000 Ton dome rokiroki Tangohanga haukini |
| o npower Aberthaw Station (Lafarge rata UK) | Wales UK | Mahuru 2008 | 1 kaiwhakawehe Tangohanga haukini Ecotherm™ Return |
| EDF Energy Te Hau-ā-uru Burton Station (Lafarge sima UK, Cemex) | Ingarangi UK | nuku 2008 | 1 kaiwhakawehe Ecotherm™ Return |
| ZGP (Lafarge sima Poland / Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | Maehe 2010 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Korea South-East Power Yeongheung Units 5&6 | South Korea | Mahuru 2014 | 1 kaiwhakawehe Ecotherm™ Return |
| Lafarge sima Poland Warsaw | Poland | 2016 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
WHAKATAUNGA
Te whakanui i te whakamahi o te rere pungarehu rite te whakakapinga sima i roto i te hanga raima nui te whakaiti i te pira hauhā e pā ana ki ngā mahi hanga. Heoi, pūnaha mana parahanga whakatinana e te teihana mana waro-pupuhi kua hua i roto i te whakaiti o te hui pungarehu rere wātea ngā raima-kōeke. tūmanakohia te kinonga atu o te kounga rere pungarehu tika ki atu ngä roto i tukunga haurehu tīkina. I roto i te tikanga ki te karo mate o tenei rauemi tino o te rauemi mō te hanga raima me te whakaiti o tukunga haurehu kati e pā ana ki hanga raima, E hiahiatia ana ngā tukanga mō te whakaora i te kounga o te pungarehu ngaro i roto i te ara ōhanga, me te taiao taea.
Ko te beneficiation o rere te pungarehu ki ngā tukanga STET faarahi atu te supply o tenei rauemi nui. tonu nga tukanga STET beneficiation ki hei te tikanga tino ngā tono ki te whakapai ake pungarehu rere te kore taea ki rauemi tiketike-uara mō te whakakapinga sima i roto i te raima. E tēnei wā waru whakawehe SETT waro i roto i te wahi ki runga 100 mīhini-tau o te mahi.
Kua kitea ProAsh® whakaaetanga whānui i roto i te ahumahi raima rite te pungarehu rere moni tono tawhiti iti aroturuki o ngā whakaritenga rangi entrainment tika ki iti rerekētanga loi i te tahi atu pungarehu. Hoki mai i te kareti nui-waro i te tukanga STET ki te kōhua i te tipu te mana taea whakaora o te uara wahie waro ora ake i te kakama rite ki te waro. STET tuku rawa economical ki te ora pungarehu mō te whakamahi tiketike-uara e pai te kore e landfilled. wehenga waro hiko me te Ecotherm™ hoki ki te kōhua whakarato i tētahi otinga modular ki ngā hiahia rere pungarehu o te whaipainga. Ka taea te whakatinana ēnei tukanga i roto i ngā wāhanga, ranei rite te kaupapa kotahi.
WHAKAPUAKANGA
[1] hua Te tahu American Coal Ash Coal me Whakamahi Tatauranga:
https://www.acaa-usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports/
