Yan Language:
áljẹbrà
ST Equipment & Technology, LLC (STET) ti ni idagbasoke a tribo-electrostatic igbanu Iyapa processing eto ti o pese awọn ni erupe ile processing ile ise a ọna lati beneficiate itanran ohun elo pẹlu ohun o šee igbọkanle gbẹ ọna. Ni idakeji si awọn electrostatic Iyapa lakọkọ ti o wa ni ojo melo ni opin si patikulu tobi ju 75μm ni iwọn, awọn triboelectric igbanu separator ti wa ni apere fun Iyapa ti gidigidi itanran (<1μm) to niwọntunwọsi isokuso (300μm) patikulu pẹlu gan ga losi. Awọn triboelectric igbanu separator ọna ẹrọ ti a ti lo lati ya a jakejado ibiti o ti ohun elo pẹlu edu ijona fly eeru, calcite / kuotisi, talc / magnesite, barite / kuotisi, ati feldspar / kuotisi. Iyapa awọn esi ti wa ni gbekalẹ apejuwe awọn tribo-gbigba agbara ihuwasi fun bauxite ohun alumọni.
ifihan
Awọn aini ti wiwọle si alabapade omi ti wa ni di a pataki ifosiwewe nyo awọn ise aseise ti iwakusa ise agbese ni ayika aye. Ni ibamu si Hubert Fleming, tele agbaye director fun Hatch Water, "Ninu gbogbo awọn iwakusa ise agbese ni aye ti o ti boya a ti duro tabi slowed mọlẹ lori awọn ti o ti kọja odun, o ti jẹ bẹ, ni fere 100% ti awọn igba miran, a abajade ti omi, boya taara tabi fi ogbon ekoro ".1 Gbẹ ni erupe ile processing ọna nse kan ojutu si yi looming isoro.
Gbẹ awọn ọna bi electrostatic Iyapa ti yoo imukuro awọn nilo fun alabapade omi, ki o si pese awọn ti o pọju lati din owo. Ina Iyapa ọna ti o lo olubasọrọ, tabi tribo-ina, gbigba agbara ni o wa particularity awon nitori ti won o pọju lati ya kan jakejado orisirisi ti apapo ti o ni awọn conductive, insulating, ati ologbele-conductive patikulu.
Tribo-ina gbigba agbara waye nigbati ọtọ, dissimilar patikulu collide pẹlu ọkan miiran, tabi pẹlu kan kẹta dada, Abajade ni a dada idiyele iyato laarin awọn meji patiku orisi. Awọn ami ati bii ti awọn idiyele iyato da gba lori awọn iyato ninu ohun itanna ijora (tabi ise iṣẹ) laarin awọn patiku orisi. Iyapa le ki o si wa ni waye nipa lilo ohun externally loo ina oko.
Awọn ilana ti a ti nlo industrially ni inaro free-isubu iru separators. Ni free-isubu separators, awọn awon patikulu akọkọ gba idiyele, ki o si ti kuna nipa walẹ nipasẹ kan ẹrọ pẹlu titako amọna ti o waye kan to lagbara ina oko to deflect awọn afokansi ti awọn patikulu gẹgẹ bi ami ki o si bii ti won dada charge.2 Free-isubu separators le jẹ munadoko fun isokuso patikulu, ṣugbọn wa ni ko munadoko ni mu patikulu finer ju nipa 0.075 to 0.1 mm.3,4 Ọkan ninu awọn julọ ni ileri titun idagbasoke ni gbẹ ni erupe ile separations ni awọn tribo-electrostatic igbanu separator. Yi ọna ti tesiwaju awọn patiku iwọn ibiti o to finer patikulu ju mora electrostatic Iyapa imo, sinu ibiti ibi ti nikan flotation ti aseyori ninu awọn ti o ti kọja.
Tribo-electrostatic igbanu Iyapa
Ni awọn tribo-electrostatic igbanu separator (olusin 1 ati Figure 2), awọn ohun elo ti ni je sinu tinrin aafo 0.9 - 1.5 cm laarin awọn meji ni afiwe ipele amọna. Awọn patikulu ti wa ni triboelectrically gba agbara nipasẹ interparticle olubasọrọ. Fun apere, ninu awọn idi ti edu ijona fly eeru, adalu erogba patikulu ati ni erupe ile patikulu, awọn daadaa agbara carbon ati awọn odi agbara ni erupe wa ni ifojusi lati idakeji amọna. Awọn patikulu ti wa ni ki o si gbo soke nipa a lemọlemọfún gbigbe ìmọ-apapo igbanu ati ki o mu ni idakeji itọnisọna. Awọn igbanu rare ni patikulu nitosi si kọọkan elekiturodu si idakeji opin ti awọn separator. Ina oko nilo nikan gbe awọn patikulu a aami ida ti a centimeter lati gbe a patiku lati kan osi-gbigbe si a ọtun-gbigbe san. Awọn counter lọwọlọwọ sisan ti awọn yiya sọtọ patikulu ati titilai triboelectric gbigba agbara nipa carbon-ni erupe ile collisions pese fun a ti ọpọlọpọ-ipele Iyapa ati awọn esi ni o tayọ ti nw ati gbigba ni a nikan-kọja kuro. Awọn ga igbanu iyara tun kí gidigidi ga throughputs, soke to 40 tonnu fun wakati lori kan nikan separator. Nipa ṣiṣe akoso orisirisi ilana sile, gẹgẹ bi awọn igbanu iyara, kikọ sii ojuami, elekiturodu aafo ati kikọ oṣuwọn, awọn ẹrọ fun wa kekere erogba fly eeru ni erogba akoonu ti ti 2 % ± 0.5% lati kikọ sii fly ẽru orisirisi ni erogba lati 4% to lORI 30%.
Awọn separator oniru jẹ jo o rọrun. Awọn igbanu ati ki o ni nkan rollers ni o wa ni nikan gbigbe awọn ẹya ara. Awọn amọna wa ni adaduro ati ki o kq ti ẹya bojumu o tọ awọn ohun elo ti. Awọn igbanu ti wa ni fi ṣe ṣiṣu awọn ohun elo ti. Awọn separator elekiturodu ipari ni to 6 mita (20 ft.) ati awọn iwọn 1.25 mita (4 ft.) fun iwọn ni kikun ti owo sipo. Awọn agbara agbara jẹ kere ju 2 monamona-wakati fun tonne ti awọn ohun elo ti ni ilọsiwaju pẹlu julọ ninu awọn agbara run nipa meji Motors iwakọ ni igbanu.
Awọn ilana ni o šee igbọkanle gbẹ, nbeere ko si afikun ohun elo ati ki o fun ko si egbin omi tabi air gaju. Ni awọn nla ti erogba lati fly eeru separations, awọn pada ohun elo ni fly eeru dinku ni erogba akoonu si awọn ipele dara fun lilo bi a pozzolanic admixture ni nja, ati ki o kan ga erogba ida eyi ti le wa sun ni ina ti o npese ohun ọgbin. Iṣamulo ti awọn mejeeji ọja ṣiṣan pese a 100% ojutu lati fo eeru nu isoro. Fun erupe separations, processing bauxite fun apẹẹrẹ, awọn separator pese a Bluetooth lati din omi lilo, fa Reserve aye ati / tabi bọsipọ ki o si reprocess tailings.
Awọn tribo-electrostatic igbanu separator jẹ jo iwapọ. A ẹrọ še lati ilana 40 tonnu fun wakati kan ni to 9.1 mita (30 ft.) gun, 1.7 mita (5.5 ft.) jakejado ati 3.2 mita (10.5 ft.) ga. Awọn ti a beere iwontunwonsi ti ọgbin oriširiši awọn ọna šiše lati fihan gbẹ awọn ohun elo ti si ati lati awọn separator. Awọn compactness ti awọn eto laaye fun ni irọrun ni fifi sori awọn aṣa.
Awọn tribo-electrostatic igbanu Iyapa ọna ti jẹ logan ati industrially fihan, ati awọn ti a akọkọ loo industrially si awọn processing ti edu ijona fly eeru ninu 1995. Awọn ọna ti o munadoko ninu yiya sọtọ erogba patikulu lati pe ijona ti edu, lati glassy aluminosilicate ni erupe patikulu ni fly eeru. Awọn ọna ti ti repo ninu muu atunlo ti awọn erupe ile-ọlọrọ fly eeru bi a simenti rirọpo ni nja gbóògì. niwon 1995, lori 20,000,000 tonnu fly eeru ti a ti ni ilọsiwaju nipasẹ awọn 19 tribo-electrostatic igbanu separators sori ẹrọ ni awọn USA, Canada, UK, Poland, ati South Korea. Ise itan ti fly eeru Iyapa ti wa ni akojọ si ni Table 1.
Table 1. Ise ohun elo ti awọn tribo-electrostatic igbanu Iyapa fun fly eeru
| IwUlO / agbara ibudo | Location | Ibere ti owo mosi | apo alaye |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy - Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | 1997 | 2 Separators |
| Energy ede- Brandon eti okun | Maryland USA | 1999 | 2 Separators |
| Scotland Power- Longannet Station | Scotland UK | 2002 | 1 separator |
| Jacksonville Electric-St. Johns River Power Park | Florida USA | 2003 | 2 Separators |
| South Mississippi Electric Power -R.D. Morrow | Mississippi USA | 2005 | 1 separator |
| New Brunswick Power-Belledune | New Brunswick Canada | 2005 | 1 separator |
| OF npower-Didcot Station | England UK | 2005 | 1 separator |
| Talen Energy-Brunner Island Station | Pennsylvania USA | 2006 | 2 Separators |
| Tampa Electric-Big tẹ Station | Florida USA | 2008 | 3 Separators two-pass scavenging |
| OF npower Aberthaw-Station | Wales UK | 2008 | 1 separator |
| EDF Energy-West Burton Station | England UK | 2008 | 1 separator |
| ZGP (Lafarge Cement /Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | 2010 | 1 separator |
| Korea Guusu Power- Yeongheung | Koria ti o wa ni ile gusu | 2014 | 1 separator |
| PGNiG Termika-Sierkirki | Poland | 2018 | 1 separator |
| Taiheiyo Cement Company-Chichibu | Japan | 2018 | 1 separator |
| Armstrong Fly Ash- Eagle Cement | Philippines | eto 2019 | 1 separator |
| Korea Guusu Power- Samcheonpo | Koria ti o wa ni ile gusu | eto 2019 | 1 separator |
Tribo-electrostatic Iyapa ti bauxite alumọni
ST Equipment & Technology (STET) ošišẹ ti ibujoko asekale gbẹ tribo-electrostatic Iyapa igbeyewo lori ọpọ ayẹwo ti bauxite ohun alumọni. Awọn ayẹwo ti wa ni akojọ ni isalẹ ni Table 2.
Table 2. -Ini ti bauxite ayẹwo idanwo nipa STET
| Description | Desired Product & Goals | |
|---|---|---|
| ayẹwo 1 | ROM Bauxite | Al2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| ayẹwo 2 | PLK (Partially Lateritized Khondalite) | Al2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| ayẹwo 3 | Red Mud | Fe2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 |
| ayẹwo 4 | ROM Bauxite Slimes | Al2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
Kemikali tiwqn fun gbogbo kikọ sii ati ki o yà ọja ayẹwo ti a won nipa X-Ray filoresenti (XRF) lilo a WD-XRF eto. Awọn esi ti awọn kemikali onínọmbà fun awọn kikọ sii ayẹwo ti wa ni han ni isalẹ ni Table 3.
Table 3. Kemikali-ini ti bauxite ayẹwo idanwo nipa STET
| Al2O3 wt.% | Fe2O3 wt.% | SiO2 wt.% | SiO2 wt.% | LOI wt.% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ayẹwo 1 | 43.7 | 25.9 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 23.6 |
| ayẹwo 2 | 34.9 | 19.4 | 28.5 | 2.1 | 14.7 |
| ayẹwo 3 | 19.0 | 52.1 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 11.1 |
| ayẹwo 4 | 34.6 | 23.2 | 18.0 | 4.4 | 18.8 |
Patiku iwọn ti a won nipa lesa patiku iwọn wiwọn lilo gbẹ pneumatic pipinka. Awọn esi fun awọn kikọ sii ayẹwo ti wa ni han ni isalẹ ni Table 4.
Table 4. Patiku iwọn ti bauxite ayẹwo idanwo nipa STET
| D10 micron | D50 micron | D90 micron | D90 micron |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ayẹwo 1 | 2 | 19 | 73 | 118 |
| ayẹwo 2 | 2 | 45 | 575 | 898 |
| ayẹwo 3 | 1 | 27 | 212 | 325 |
| ayẹwo 4 | 1 | 7 | 59 | 93 |
Ayẹwo ni won niya lilo awọn STET benchtop separator. Awọn benchtop separator ti lo fun waworan fun eri ti tribo-electrostatic gbigba agbara ati lati mọ ti o ba a awọn ohun elo ti kan ti o dara tani fun electrostatic beneficiation. Awọn jc iyato laarin awọn benchtop separator ati awaoko-asekale ati owo-asekale separators ni wipe awọn ipari ti awọn benchtop separator jẹ to 0.4 igba awọn ipari ti awaoko-asekale ati owo-asekale sipo. Bi awọn separator ṣiṣe ni a iṣẹ ti awọn elekiturodu ipari, ibujoko-asekale igbeyewo ko le ṣee lo bi aropo fun awaoko-asekale igbeyewo. Pilot-asekale igbeyewo ni pataki lati mọ awọn iye ti awọn Iyapa ti awọn STET ilana le se aseyori, ati lati mọ ti o ba STET ilana le pade awọn ọja fojusi labẹ fun kikọ awọn ošuwọn. dipo, awọn benchtop separator ti lo lati ṣe akoso jade tani ohun elo ti o wa ni išẹlẹ ti lati fi eyikeyi significant Iyapa ni awaoko-asekale ipele. Results gba lori ibujoko-asekale yoo wa ni ti kii-iṣapeye, ati awọn Iyapa šakiyesi jẹ kere ju eyi ti yoo wa ni šakiyesi lori kan ti owo won STET separator.
Igbeyewo pẹlu awọn STET benchtop separator afihan significant ronu ti Al2O3 pẹlu awọn opolopo ninu awọn ayẹwo idanwo. Ni mẹta ninu awọn mẹrin awọn ayẹwo idanwo nipa STET, idaran ti ronu ti Al2O3 ti a woye. Ni afikun, awọn miiran pataki eroja ti Fe2O3, SiO2 ati TiO2 afihan significant ronu ni ọpọlọpọ igba. ni Ayẹwo 1, ayẹwo 3 ati Ayẹwo 4, awọn ronu ti pipadanu on iginisonu (OFIN) tẹlé ronu ti Al2O3. Awọn ronu ninu awọn pataki eroja ti wa ni han ni isalẹ ni olusin 5.
Awọn STET separator ni a ti ara Iyapa ilana ati selectively ya ni erupe ile ifarahan da lori tribocharging, a dada lasan. Awọn ìyí si eyi ti awọn ohun alumọni ni o wa ni ifaragba si tribocharging jẹ ninu awọn igba ni anfani lati wa ni ti anro nipasẹ kan ti a triboelectric jara, sugbon ni irú ti eka ni erupe ile ores, igba ni asa gbọdọ wa ni pinnu empirically. A ni ṣoki ti awọn tribocharging-ini fun awọn ayẹwo idanwo ni yoo han ni isalẹ ni Table 5.
Table 5. Ni ṣoki ti tribocharging ihuwasi fun pataki eroja. POS = agbara rere, NEG = agbara odi.
| Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | TiO2 | OFIN | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ayẹwo 1 | POS | NEG | NEG | NEG | POS |
| ayẹwo 2 | NEG | POS | NEG | N/A | N/A |
| ayẹwo 3 | POS | NEG | N/A | NEG | POS |
| ayẹwo 4 | POS | N/A | NEG | NEG | POS |
Gbẹ processing pẹlu awọn STET separator nfun anfani lati se ina iye fun bauxite ki o si aluminiomu ti onse. Awọn iṣamulo ti kekere ite bauxite idogo le gba fun kekere iwakusa owo nipa atehinwa idinku bayi ati nipa dinku iran ti tailings. Ni afikun, awọn ṣaaju-processing ti bauxite ores nipasẹ iyapa triboelectrostatic gbigbẹ le ja si ni ilọsiwaju eto -ọrọ ti isọdọtun aluminiomu nipa fifun awọn iwọn giga ti bauxite si ilana isọdọtun, tabi nipa olorijori ti ipele ti pupa pẹtẹpẹtẹ ti ipilẹṣẹ. Ni afikun, ti o ga aluminiomu akoonu ni pupa pẹtẹpẹtẹ le gba fun reprocessing. A ni ṣoki ti bojumu abuda fun metallurgical ite bauxite ti gbekalẹ, bi daradara bi a ṣoki ti awọn anfaani ti awọn STET separator, ni isalẹ ni Table 6.
Table 6. Ni ṣoki ti bojumu abuda fun metallurgical ite bauxite.5
| Ideal Grade Characteristic | Impact if Inadequate | Observed with STET Separation |
|---|---|---|
| Low “reactive silica” (>1.5% - <3.0%) (kaolinite) | Increases caustic usage, a critical operating cost factor. | Reduction in total silica |
| High extractable alumina | Increases capital and operating costs for mining, processing and mud disposal. | Increase in alumina |
| Low organic carbon | Increases operating costs by reducing plant efficiency. | |
| Low boehmite (<3%) | Precludes low-temperature processing that can increase capital and operating costs. | |
| Low goethite (tolerable in a high-temperature plant or with high hematite) | Slows clarification, lowers product quality and increases alumina loss via mud circuit. | Reduction in total iron |
| Low moisture (can create nuisance dust if too low) | Increases capital costs (larger evaporation facility), fuel consumption, shipping costs. | |
| Iron content (ideally >5%-<15%) | Low iron can lower product quality. High iron dilutes alumina content of bauxite. | Reduction in total iron |
| Low quartz | Increases maintenance costs (pipe wear). Increases caustic usage in high-temperature plants. | Reduction in total silica |
| Low impurities and trace elements | Can lower process efficiency (sulfur, chlorine, calcium) and metal quality (gallium, zinc, vanadium, phosphorus). | |
| Soft and friable | Increases mining and grinding costs. | |
| Dissolves readily | Increases capital (larger digestion equipment) and operating costs. | |
| Low titania | Can increase caustic usage in high-temperature plants. | Reduction in titania |
| Low carbonates | Can require special processing. |
ipari
Tribo-electrostatic Iyapa ti a afihan bi ohun doko ọna fun ti o npese a ga-ite bauxite irin fun lilo ninu alumina gbóògì. Igbeyewo pẹlu awọn STET benchtop separator afihan significant ronu ti Al2O3 pẹlu awọn opolopo ninu awọn ayẹwo idanwo. Ni mẹta ninu awọn mẹrin awọn ayẹwo idanwo nipa STET, idaran ti ronu ti Al2O3 ti a woye. Ni afikun, awọn miiran pataki eroja ti Fe2O3, SiO2 ati TiO2 afihan significant Iyapa ni ọpọlọpọ igba. Gbẹ processing pẹlu awọn STET separator nfun anfani lati se ina iye fun bauxite ki o si aluminiomu ti onse.
to jo
1. Blin, P & Dion-Ortega, A (2013) Ga ati Gbẹ, samisi Magazine, vol. 8, ko si. 4, pp. 48-51.
2. Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Fors Mountain, K (2000), Review of Electrical Iyapa ọna, Apá 1: Pataki ise, ohun alumọni & Metallurgical processing, vol. 17, ko si. 1 pp 23-36.
3. Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Fors Mountain, K (2000), Review of Electrical Iyapa ọna, Apá 2: Practical riro, ohun alumọni & Metallurgical processing, vol. 17, ko si. 1 pp 139-166.
4. Ralston ìwọ. (1961) Electrostatic Iyapa ti Adalu granular okele, Elsevier Publishing Company, jade ti ta.
5. KÖGEL, Jessica Elzea; Trivedi, Nikhil C; Barker, James M; Krukowski, Stanley T.; Industrial alumọni ati awọn apata: eru, awọn ọja, ati ki o Nlo 7th Edition, (2006), Page 237.
