Tattalin arziki Abũbuwan amfãni daga Dry Triboelectric Rabuwa da ma'adanai

Tattalin arziki Abũbuwan amfãni daga Dry Triboelectric Rabuwa da ma'adanai

Lewis Baker, Kyle P. Flynn, Frank J. Hrach, da kuma Stephen Gasiorowski

ST Boats & Technology LLC, Needham Massachusetts 02494 USA

Tsokaci

A ST Boats & Technology LLC (STET) triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR samar da ma'adinai aiki masana'antu a wajen beneficiate lafiya kayan da wani gaba ɗaya bushe fasahar. A high dace Multi-mataki rabuwa ta hanyar ciki caji / recharging da sake sarrafasu, da sakamakon a yanzu m separations fiye da za a iya cimma tare da sauran al'ada guda-mataki electrostatic tsarin. A triboelectric bel SEPARATOR fasahar da aka yi amfani da su raba mai fadi da kewayon kayan ciki har da gaurayawan na idon yayi kamar gilashi aluminosilicates / carbon, calcite / ma'adini, talc / magnesite, kuma barite / ma'adini. A inganta rabuwa damar da STET tsarin iya zama mai matukar tasiri madadin zuwa flotation matakai. An tattalin arziki kwatanta gudanar da wani zaman kanta ma'adinai aiki kamfanin na triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR a kan al'ada flotation for barite / ma'adini rabuwa misalta da abũbuwan amfãni daga bushe aiki domin ma'adanai. Amfani da wannan bushe aiwatar da sakamakon a wani sauki aiwatar da kwarara takardar da kasa kayan aiki fiye da flotation da duka babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki kudi rage ta ≥30%.

keywords: ma'adanai, bushe rabuwa, barite, triboelectrostatic caji, bel SEPARATOR, tashi ash

GABATARWA

A rashin samun sabo ruwa da ake zama wata babbar factor shafi na yiwuwa hakar ma'adinai na ayyukan duniya. Kamar yadda Hubert Fleming, tsohon duniya darektan for ƙyanƙyashe Ruwa, "Daga dukan karafa ayyukan a duniya da cewa sun ko dai an tsaya ko ragae saukar a cikin past shekara, shi ya kasance, a kusan 100% daga cikin lokuta, a sakamakon ruwa, ko dai kai tsaye ko indirectly‿ (blin 2013)1. Dry ma'adinai aiki da hanyoyin bayar da wani bayani ga wannan looming matsala.

Rigar rabuwa hanyoyin kamar froth flotation bukatar Bugu da kari na sinadaran reagents cewa dole ne a abar a amince da zubar cikin wani tsabtace muhalli alhakin hanya. Babu makawa shi ne, ba zai yiwu ta yi aiki tare da 100% ruwa maimaita, bukata zubar da akalla na rabo daga aiwatar ruwa, m dauke da alama yawa na sinadaran reagents.

Dry hanyoyin kamar electrostatic rabuwa zai kawar da bukatar sabo ruwa, kuma bayar da damar rage ta halin kaka. Daya daga cikin mafi rahama sabon aukuwa a bushe ma'adinai separations ne triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR. Wannan fasaha ya mika barbashi size iyaka ga finer barbashi fiye da na al'ada electrostatic rabuwa fasahar, cikin kewayon inda kawai flotation ya cin nasara a baya.

TRIBOELECTROSTATIC bel rabuwa

A triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR utilizes lantarki cajin da bambance-bambance tsakanin kayan samar da surface lamba ko triboelectric caji. Lokacin da biyu kayan su ne a lamba, abu da hakan dangantaka for electrons samu electrons da haka zarginta da korau, yayin da kayan da ƙananan electron dangantaka zarginta da kyau. Wannan lamba musayar cajin ne fāɗin duniya ya lura ga duk kayan, a sau da haddasa electrostatic nuisances da suke da wata matsala a wasu masana'antu. Electron dangantaka shi ne dogara a kan sinadaran abun da ke ciki na barbashi surface kuma zai haifar da gwaji bambanci caji na kayan a cakuda mai hankali barbashi daban-daban abun da ke ciki.

A triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR (Figures 1 da kuma 2), abu ne ciyar a cikin bakin ciki rata 0.9 - 1.5 cm (0.35 -0.6 a.) tsakanin biyu a layi daya planar wayoyin. A barbashi an triboelectrically cajin da interparticle lamba.

Misali, a cikin hali na ci konewa gardama ash, cakuda carbon barbashi da kuma ma'adinai barbashi, da gaskiya ma cajin carbon da barnatar da cajin ma'adinai suna janyo hankalin zuwa gaban wayoyin. A barbashi an sa'an nan share up da a ci gaba da motsi bude-raga bel da kuma isar da a gaban kwatance. A bel motsa barbashi m zuwa kowane lantarki wajen m iyakar da SEPARATOR. A lantarki filin bukata kawai motsa barbashi wani kankanin sulusi da murabba'i na wani santimita don matsar wani barbashi daga hagu-motsi zuwa dama-dabba ba a kanta rafi. A counter halin yanzu kwarara daga cikin raba barbashi kuma riƙa triboelectric caji da carbon-ma'adinai collisions azurta wani multistage da rabuwa da kuma sakamakon a kyau kwarai tsarki da kuma dawo da a guda-izinin naúrar. A high bel gudun ma sa sosai high throughputs, har zuwa 40 ton a kowace awa a kan wani guda SEPARATOR. By iko daban-daban aiwatar sigogi, kamar bel gudun, feed nufi, lantarki rata da abinci kudi, da na'urar samar low carbon gardama ash a carbon abinda ke ciki na 2 % ± 0.5% daga abinci gardama toka jere a carbon daga 4% to kan 30%.

Figure 1. Schematic na triboelectric bel SEPARATOR

A SEPARATOR zane ne in mun gwada sauki. A bel da Associated rollers ne kawai motsi sassa. A wayoyin ne na kullum da kuma hada da wani kasafi m kaya. A bel da aka sanya na roba abu. A SEPARATOR lantarki tsawon shi ne kamar 6 mita (20 ft.) da kuma fadin 1.25 mita (4 ft.) ga cikakken size kasuwanci raka'a. Da ikon amfani ne game da 1 kilowatt-hour da ton na kayan sarrafa shi da mafi yawan ikon cinye ta biyu Motors tuki da bel.

Figure 2. Detail na rabuwa zone

A tsari ne gaba ɗaya bushe, bukatar wani ƙarin kayan da kuma samar da wani sharar gida da ruwa ko iska watsi. A cikin hali na carbon daga gardama ash separations, da gano kayan kunshi gardama ash rage a carbon abun ciki zuwa matakan dace da amfani a matsayin pozzolanic admixture a kankare, da kuma wani babban carbon sulusi da murabba'i wanda za a iya ƙone a wutar lantarki sa shuka. Yin amfani da biyu samfurin kõguna na samar da wani 100% warware tashi ash dashi matsaloli.

A triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR ne in mun gwada m. A na'ura tsara don aiwatar 40 ton a kowace awa daya ne kamar 9.1 mita (30 ft) dogon, 1.7 mita (5.5 ft.) fadi da kuma 3.2 mita (10.5 ft.) high. The bukata ma'auni na shuka kunshi tsarin to kai bushe kaya zuwa da kuma daga SEPARATOR. A Compactness daga cikin tsarin damar domin sassauci a shigarwa kayayyaki.

Figure 3. Commercial triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR

Kwatanta da sauran electrostatic rabuwa matakai

A triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa fasahar ƙwarai yana faɗaɗa cikin kewayon kayan da za a iya beneficiated da electrostatic matakai. Da aka fi amfani electrostatic matakai dõgara a kan bambance-bambance a cikin wutar lantarki watsin da kayan da za a rabu. A cikin wadannan matakai, da kayan dole ne tuntube da wani na rasa drum ko farantin yawanci bayan da kayan barbashi an barnatar da cajin da wani ionizing Corona sallama. Conductive kayan za su rasa cajin da sauri da za a jefa daga drum. A ba-conductive abu ya ci gaba da za a janyo hankalin da drum tun da cajin zai dissipate more sannu a hankali da kuma zai fada ko za a brushed daga drum bayan rabuwa daga gudanar da abu. Wadannan matakai suna iyakance a iya aiki saboda da ake buƙata lamba daga kowane barbashi da drum ko farantin. A tasiri na wadannan lamba caji tafiyar matakai an kuma iyakance zuwa barbashi game da 100 μm ko mafi girma a size saboda duka biyu da bukatar tuntubar da na rasa farantin da ake bukata barbashi kwarara kuzarin kawo cikas. Barbashi daban-daban masu girma dabam za su ma suna da daban-daban da kwarara kuzarin kawo cikas saboda inertial effects da zai haifar da kaskanta rabuwa. Wadannan zane (Figure 4) misalta da muhimman hakkokin siffofin da wannan irin SEPARATOR.

Figure 4. Drum electrostatic SEPARATOR (Dattijon 2003)2

Triboelectrostatic separations ba iyakance ga rabuwa conductive / ba-conductive kayan amma ya dogara ne a kan da kyau a san sabon abu na cajin canja wuri da frictional lamba na kayan da jũna surface sunadarai. Wannan sabon abu da aka yi amfani da "free fall‿ rabuwa matakai shekaru da dama. Irin wannan tsari ne

misalta cikin Figure 5. Aka gyara na cakuda na barbashi farko ci gaba daban-daban zargin by lamba ko dai da karfe surface, ko da barbashi don barbashi lamba a fluidized gado ciyar na'urar. Kamar yadda barbashi fada ta hanyar da lantarki filin a cikin lantarki zone, kowane barbashi ta yanayin da aka deflected zuwa ga lantarki na daura cajin. Bayan wani nesa, tarin bins suna aiki don raba da kõguna. Hankula shigarwa bukatar mahara SEPARATOR saukarwa da maimaita na wani matsakaicin sulusi da murabba'i. Wasu na'urorin amfani da wani kwari rafi na gas da su taimaka da isar daga cikin barbashi ta hanyar lantarki zone.

Figure 5. "Free fall‿ triboelectrostatic SEPARATOR

Wannan irin free fall SEPARATOR kuma yana da gazawa a cikin barbashi size daga cikin kayan da za a iya sarrafa. Da ya kwarara a cikin lantarki zone dole ne a sarrafawa domin rage haukan kogi don kauce wa "smearing‿ na rabuwa. A yanayin da lafiya barbashi an more Madĩna da halin rashin kwanciyar hankali tun da nata irin ja sojojin ranar lafiya barbashi ne sun fi yawa da gravitational da electrostatic sojojin. The sosai lafiya barbashi zai kuma ayan tattara a kan lantarki saman da dole ne a cire wasu Hanyar. Barbashi kasa da 75 μm ba za a iya yadda ya kamata raba.

Wani da ya rage mata ne cewa barbashi loading a cikin lantarki zone dole ne low su hana sarari cajin effects, wanda iyakance aiki rate. Wucewa abu ta hanyar lantarki zone inherently results a guda-mataki rabuwa, tun babu wani yiwuwar domin sake caji da barbashi. Saboda haka, Multi-mataki tsarin da ake bukata domin inganta mataki na rabuwa ciki har da sake caji da kayan da m lamba tare da wani caji na'urar. A sakamakon kayan aiki girma da cakuduwa ƙaruwa daidai da.

Ya bambanta da sauran samuwa electrostatic rabuwa matakai, da triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR aka fi dacewa dace domin rabuwa da lafiya sosai (<1 μm) to moderately m (300μm) kayan da sosai high throughputs. A triboelectric barbashi caji ne tasiri ga mai fadi da kewayon kayan da kawai na bukatar barbashi - barbashi lamba. The kananan rata, high lantarki filin, alubalantar halin yanzu kwarara, ƙwazo barbashi-barbashi agitation da kuma kai-tsaftacewa mataki na bel a kan wayoyin ne m fasali na SEPARATOR. A high dace Multi-mataki rabuwa ta hanyar caji / recharging da ciki maimaita sakamakon a yanzu m separations kuma shi ne tasiri a kan m kayayyakin da ba za a iya raba a duk ta al'ada dabaru.

Aikace-aikace na TRIBOELECTROSTATIC bel rabuwa

Fly Ash

A triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa fasahar da aka farko amfani industrially ga aiki na ci konewa gardama ash a 1995. Domin da gardama ash aikace-aikace, da fasahar ya kasance tasiri a raba carbon barbashi daga cikin bai cika konewa na ci, daga idon yayi kamar gilashi aluminosilicate ma'adinai barbashi a cikin gardama ash. A fasahar ya instrumental a kunna maimaita na ma'adinai-arziki gardama ash a matsayin ciminti maye a kankare samarwa. tun 1995, 19 triboelectrostatic bel separators an aiki a Amurka, Canada, UK, da kuma Poland, sarrafa a kan 1,000,000 ton na gardama ash a shekara. The fasaha ne a yanzu ma a Asiya tare da na farko SEPARATOR shigar a Koriya ta Kudu wannan shekara. A masana'antu tarihi na gardama ash rabuwa da aka jera a cikin Table 1.

Table 1. Industrial Aikace-aikacen da Triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa for gardama ash

ma'adinai aikace-aikace

Electrostatic separations an baje amfani ga beneficiation ga babban kewayon ma'adanai "Manouchehri-Part 1 (2000)‿. Duk da yake mafi aikace-aikace yi amfani da bambance-bambance a cikin wutan watsin da kayan da Corona-drum irin separators, triboelectric caji hali tare da free-fall separators ana amfani a masana'antu Sikeli "Manouchehri-Part 2 (2000)‿. A samfurin na aikace-aikace na triboelectrostatic aiki ya ruwaito a cikin adabi da aka jera a cikin Table 2. Duk da yake wannan ba wani iyakarsa listing na aikace-aikace, wannan tebur misalta da m kewayon aikace-aikace na electrostatic aiki na ma'adanai.

Table 2. Ruwaito triboelectrostatic rabuwa ma'adanai

M matukin jirgi shuka da kuma filin gwaji na da yawa kalubale abu separations a cikin ma'adanai masana'antu da aka gudanar ta amfani da triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR. Misalai na rabuwa sakamakon da aka nuna a Table 3.

Table 3. misalan, ma'adinai separations amfani triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa

Amfani da triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR an nuna yadda ya kamata beneficiate yawa ma'adinai garwayayye. Tun da SEPARATOR iya aiwatar da kayan da barbashi masu girma dabam daga game da 300 μm zuwa kasa 1 μm, da triboelectrostatic rabuwa ne tasiri duka biyu insulating da conductive kayan, da fasahar ƙwarai kara da kewayon m abu a kan al'ada electrostatic separators. Tun da tribo- electrostatic tsari ne gaba ɗaya bushe, amfani da shi gusar da bukatar kayan bushewa da kuma ruwa sharar handling daga flotation matakai.

Kudin TRIBOELECTROSTATIC bel rabuwa

Kwatanta da al'ada flotation for Barite

A kamanta kudin binciken da aka samu izini da STET da kuma gudanar da Soutex Inc. Soutex ne a Quebec Canada kamfanin aikin injiniya dake tare da m kwarewa a duka biyu rigar flotation da electrostatic rabuwa aiwatar da kimantawa da kuma zane. A binciken da aka kwatanta da babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki halin kaka na triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ga al'ada froth flotation ga beneficiation na wani low-sa barite tama. Dukansu fasahar hažaka da barite ta kau na low yawa daskararru, yafi ma'adini, don samar da wani American Petroleum Institute (API) hakowa sa barite da SG mafi girma daga 4.2 g / ml. Flotation sakamakon da aka dogara ne a kan matukin jirgi shuka nazarin gudanar da Indian National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML 2004)18. Triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa da sakamakon da aka dogara ne a kan matukin jirgi shuka nazarin yin amfani da irin wannan abinci ores. A kamanta tattalin arziki nazari hada flowsheet ci gaba, abu da kuma makamashi ma'aunan, manyan kayan aiki sizing da zance duka biyu flotation da tribo- electrostatic bel rabuwa matakai. Dalili na biyu flowsheets ne guda, aiki 200,000 t / y na barite feed da SG 3.78 don samar da 148,000 t / y na hakowa sa barite samfurin da SG 4.21 g / ml. A flotation aiwatar kimanta bai hada da wani halin kaka don aiwatar ruwa, ko ruwa magani.

Flowsheets aka generated da Soutex ga barite flotation tsari (Figure 6), kuma triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari (Figure 7).

Figure 6 Barite flotation aiwatar flowsheet

Figure 7 Barite triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa aiwatar flowsheet

Theses flowsheets ba sun hada da mai raw tama, kawar da tsarin, wanda shi ne na kowa ga duka fasahar. Hay nika ga flotation hali yana cika ta amfani da rigar ɓangaren litattafan almara ball niƙa tare da cyclone classifier. Hay nika ga triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa hali yana cika ta amfani da bushe, tsaye nadi niƙa tare da na game tsauri classifier.

A triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa flowsheet ne mafi sauki fiye da flotation. Tribo-electostatic bel rabuwa da aka cimma a guda mataki ba tare da Bugu da kari na wani sinadaran reagents, idan aka kwatanta da uku-mataki flotation da oleic acid amfani da wani haraji ga barite da sodium silicate matsayin depressant ga silica gangue. A flocculant aka kuma kara da cewa a matsayin reagent ga thickening a cikin barite flotation hali. Babu dewatering da bushewa da kayan aiki da ake bukata domin triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa, idan aka kwatanta da thickeners, tace presses, kuma Rotary masu na'urorin busa ake bukata domin barite flotation tsari.

Babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki halin kaka

A cikakken babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki kudin kimanta aka yi da Soutex duka biyu fasahar yin amfani da kayan aiki ambato da kuma sanadiyyar kudin Hanyar. The aiki halin kaka aka kiyasta sun hada da aiki aiki, tabbatarwa, makamashi (lantarki da man fetur), da kuma wasu kaya (e.g, sinadaran reagent halin kaka don flotation). A shigar da halin kaka aka dogara ne a kan hankula dabi'u ga wani misali shuka dake kusa Battle Mountain, Nevada USA.

Jimlar kudin da ikon mallakar kan shekaru goma da aka lasafta daga babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki kudin da dauka wani 8% rangwame kudi. A sakamakon kudin kwatanta ne ba kamar yadda zumunta percentages a Table 4

Table 4. Cost Kwatanta for Barite Processing

A total sayan kudin na babban birnin kasar kayan aiki ga triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ne dan kadan kasa da na flotation. Duk da haka lokacin da jimlar babban birnin kashe kudi da aka lasafta su hada kayan aiki da kafuwa, piping da wutar lantarki ta halin kaka, da kuma aiwatar da ginin halin kaka, bambanci ne manyan. A total babban birnin kudin ga tribo- electrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ne 63.2% na kudin na flotation tsari. A muhimmanci ƙananan kudin domin bushe aiwatar da sakamakon daga mafi sauki flowsheet. The aiki halin kaka ga triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ne 75.5% na flotation tsari saboda yafi ƙananan aiki da ma'aikatan da bukatun da ƙananan kuzarinsu.

Jimlar kudin da ikon mallakar daga cikin triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ne muhimmanci kasa fiye da ga flotation. A binciken da marubucin, Soutex Inc., ƙarasa da cewa triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari yayi bayyananne abũbuwan amfãni a CAPEX, OPEX, da kuma na sarrafawa sauki.

KAMMALAWA

A triboelectrostatic bel SEPARATOR samar da ma'adinai aiki masana'antu a wajen beneficiate lafiya kayan da wani gaba ɗaya bushe fasahar. A tsabtace muhalli tsari za a iya kawar da rigar aiki da ake bukata bushewa na karshe abu. A tsari na bukatar kadan, idan wani, pre-jiyya na kasa da wasu fiye da nika da kuma aiki a high iya aiki - har zuwa 40 ton a kowace awa daya da wani m inji. Kuzarinsu ne low, kasa da 2 kWh / ton na kayan sarrafa. Tun da kawai m watsi da aiwatar da akwai turɓãya,, bayar da izni ne mun gwada da sauki.

A kudin binciken gwama triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ga al'ada froth flotation for barite aka kammala ta Soutex Inc. A binciken da ya nuna cewa jimlar kudin babban birnin kasar domin ga bushe triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari ne 63.2% na flotation tsari. A total aiki kudin domin triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa ne 75.8% na aiki kudin domin flotation. A binciken da ta marubucin ya ƙarasa da cewa da bushe, triboelectrostatic bel rabuwa tsari yayi bayyananne abũbuwan amfãni a CAPEX, OPEX, da kuma na sarrafawa sauki.

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