Electrostatic Beneficiation ee Phosphate senti: Review of Work Hore iyo wada sheekeysiga ah System Kala macmalay

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Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

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3rd International Dood Cilmiyeed ku saabsan curinta iyo Technology ee Warshadaha Phosphate ah

beneficiation Electrostatic of senti phosphate: Review of shaqada ee la soo dhaafay

iyo ka doodida nidaam-soociddiisa oo fiicnaaday

J.D. Bittnera, S.A.Gasiorowskia, F.J.Hracha, H. Guicherdb *

aST Equiment iyo Technology LLC, Needham, Massachusetts, USA

bST Qalabka & technology LLC, Avignon, France

aan la taaban karin

Beneficiation of senti phosphate by hababka electrostatic qalalan ayaa la isku dayay cilmi kala duwan tan iyo 1940 ee. Sababaha salka horumarinta geedi socodka qalalan kabashada phosphate waa qadar kooban oo biyo ah in qaar ka mid ah gobollada oomane, kharashka kiimikada sabeynta, iyo kharashka daaweynta biyaha daata. Iyadoo geedi socodka electrostatic laga yaabaa in aan ku siin kale dhamaystiran sabeynta, waxaa laga yaabaa in ku haboon oo dheeraad ku ah durdurka qaar ka mid ah sida la yareeyo ganaaxa / slimes content of ore ka hor sabeynta, processing ee tailings sabeynta rayshada ee alaabta lumay, iyo yaraynta waxyeellada bey'adda. Iyada oo hawlo badan waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo labada rullaluistemadka xiisad sare iyo Olimpico separators at qolfo shaybaarka, caddaynta kaliya ee rakibaadda ganacsi waa Ergo ka 1940 "Johnson" habka ugu Pierce Mine FL; Ma jirto caddayn in suugaanta ee hadda la isticmaalo ganacsi ee electrostatics, inkastoo xiiso xoogan ee geedi socodka qalalan sii si loogu isticmaalo gobollada oomane. The mashaariic cilmi-baadhis kala duwan sidaana waxa xoogga saaraan feed diyaarinta in (heerkulka, kala soocidda size, wakiilada conditioning) waxay leeyihiin saameyn weyn ku waxqabadka. Iyadoo kala wanaagsan qaar ka mid ah la gaadhay iyadoo la fogeynayo silica ka phosphates, iyo tusaalooyin yar ee calcite iyo dolomite ka phosphate, natiijada ka yar wanaagsan marka nijaasta badan ay joogaan. shaqada Research sii wadaan in ay sii kala miiri qaababkani, laakiin xadeynta aasaasiga ah hababka electrostatic caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah awoodda uu hooseeyo, baahida loo qabo in marxaladaha kala duwan oo casriyeyn ku filan ee dhadhaab, iyo dhibaatooyinka hawl sababa ganaax. Qaar ka mid ah xadeynta laga gudbi laga yaabaa by hababka cusub electrostatic oo ay ku jiraan SEPARATOR suunka triboelectric a.

© 2015 Qorayaal The. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Peer-u eegis ku hoos mas'uul ka ah Guddiga Sayniska ee SYMPHOS 2015.

keywords: phosphate, electrostatic; separation; macdan; Qurub ganaax; habka qallalan

*Author baahisey: Tel: +33-4-8912-0306 E-mail cinwaanka: guicherdh@steqtech.com

1877-7058 © 2015 Qorayaal The. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Peer-u eegis ku hoos masuuliyada Guddiga Sayniska ee SYMPHOS 2015.

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

1. shaqada sheegay beneficiation electrostatic of senti phosphate

fiirsashada Phosphate ka senti dabiiciga ah ayaa muddo dheer ay sameeyeen qaabab kala duwan iyadoo la isticmaalayo tiro mararka qaarkood la taaban karo oo biyo ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ay sabab u tahay yaraanta biyo at kayd phosphate kala duwan oo adduunka ah, iyo sidoo kale kharashaadka saamaxdo iyo daawaynta biyaha wasakhaysan sii kordhaya, horumarinta wax ku ool ah, habka dhaqaalaha qalalan waa heer sare ah suurad wacan.

Hababka for processing qalalan electrostatic of senti phosphate ayaa la soo jeediyey iyo muujiyey at qolfo yar muddo ka badan 70 sano. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, codsiyada ganacsi ee hababka kuwanu ayaa aad bay u kooban. The "habka Johnson" [1] waxaa ganacsi loo isticmaalo laga bilaabo 1938 waayo muddo waqti ah ee dhirta Beeraha Company Chemical American dhow Pierce Florida USA. Marxaladani waxay isticmaali taxane ah oo aad u adag oo electrodes rullaluistemadka (Jaantuska 1) waayo, fiirsashada stage multi ah ka raysashada phosphate ka tailings washery deslimed, sabeynta ee pre-xoogga, ama tailings sabeynta. Laga bilaabo 15.4% P2The5 iyo 57.3% wax beelaya ee tailings wanaagsan, iyada oo loo marayo isku-dar ah kala soocidda size, desliming, iyo preconditioning ah tailings qalajiyey, waxyaabaha la 33.7% P2The5 oo keliya 6.2% beelaya bogsaday. In tusaale kale, casriyeyn ah tailings sabeynta ee la 2.91% P2The5 keentay wax soo saarka ah 26.7% P2The5 la 80% kabashada. Johnson arkay in ay lagama maarmaan in lagu daweeyo tailings washery la reagents kiimiko caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa in sabeynta ee phosphate ahaa si aad u hesho fasalka phosphate sare iyo soo kabashada. Waxa uu si gaar ah sheegaye waxtarka acids saliidda shidaalka iyo dufanka leh sida reagents.

Jaantuska 1, Johnson qalab geedi iyo sheet socodka US Xaqsiinta 2,135,716 iyo 2,197,865, 1940 [1][2]

Iyada oo ay tani rakibo ganacsiga waxa ku ladhan sida laga bilaabo oo ku saabsan suugaanta ku 1938, ma cadda sida ballaadhan ama inta habkan waxaa loo isticmaalay. In uu kooban ee xaaladda kala electrostatic ilaa 1961, The. C. Ralston

[3]qoray in shan separators Johnson oo waaweyn ayaa lagu rakibay processing kasta oo ku saabsan 10 tons / hr ah -20 mesh feed. SEPARATOR kasta ahayd 10 Isbahysiga sare danab ku dalbatay of 20 kV. No concentrators kale oo ganacsi baaxad phosphate isticmaalaya electrostatics ayaa lagu rakibay ee Florida sida ay Ralston. Iyada oo ku saleysan sharaxaad qalabka habka, qorayaashu

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

ku soo gabagabeeyey in awoodda guud ee geedi socodka ahayd halkii uu hooseeyo marka loo eego awoodda geedi socodka kale, sabeynta sida qoyan. awoodda Low iyo kharashka qalajinta ore feed ka soo macdanta qoyan ee Florida ay u badan tahay sababta xadidaysa codsiga dheeraad ah ee geedi socodka ee 1940 iyo 1950.

In ka 1950 iyo shaqaalaha 1960 ee Macdanta International & kiimikooyinka Corporation (IMC) baaro codsiga ah ee geedi-soociddiisa electrostatic qalalan beneficiation macdanta. Floridian processing ore phosphate ahaa oo xiiso gaar ah in IMC. Shaqada IMC looga faa'iideysan design a SEPARATOR dayrta oo lacag la'aan ah mararka qaar kula walxaha amraya xoojinaya marayay agitator ama impactor sida dubbe ama ul dhagax ah. [4] patent A xiga [5] waxaa ka mid ahaa xoojinta qaar ka mid ah kala isticmaalaya saxan oo qalab kala duwan, in kastoo patent kama dambaysta ah ee taxanahan

[6]gabagabeeyey in xiriir walxaha amraya at heerkulka kacsantahay (>70° F) wuxuu ahaa ka waxtar badan iyadoo la isticmaalayo nidaamka xeedho. tusaalooyin Wakiilka natiijooyinka sheegay in shatiyada, kuwaas waxaa lagu muujiyey in Table 1.

Miis 1. Natiijooyinka laga soo sheegey Macdanta International & kiimikooyinka sheyga cusub 1955-1965

The shatiyada IMC kala duwan baaray saamaynta size walxaha, oo ay ku jiraan processing ee jeexan screen kala duwan si madax-bannaan, inkastoo shaqo yar ku lug aad u wanaagsan (<45 μm) Qurub. conditioning Sample ballaaran kala duwanaayeen, ay ka mid yihiin sixitaanka heerkulka, dhaqidda iyo qallajinta pre, iyo hababka kala duwan qalajiyo (qalajiyo dadban, qalajiyo flash, laambadihii kulaylka la safafka Milanello IR gaar ah). nijaasta kala duwan (i.e. silicates kasoo horjeeddo carbonates) looga baahan yahay maaraynta iyo pretreatment habab kala duwan si ay tayadoodii kala. Inkasta oo waxaa iska cad ka sharaxaada patent in IMC ayaa la isku dayay in la horumariyo geedi baaxadda ganacsiga ah, Baaritaanka of suugaanta ma ayan tilmaamin in la rakibo oo caynkaas ah waxaa abid dhisay oo ku shaqeeya ee wax site IMC.

In shaqada 1960 ayaa si gaar ah on carbonate ka kooban senti phosphate ka North Carolina ayaa la sameeyaa ka Laboratory North Carolina State University Macdanta Research, [9] Isticmaalka SEPARATOR Olimpico qiyaasta shaybaarka iyo isku dar ah isku dardaro ee carbonate dhulka qolof iyo phosphate shancosbitaal sabeynta dhagax dixeed kala duwan size aad u cidhiidhi ah (-20si ay u +48 mesh), cilmi baaris ayaa muujisay in preconditioning wax la xoq ama dufan ah acids acid saamayn amarka qaraabo ah phosphate sida kuwo togan ama taban. Xad kala af badan ayaa la helay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la isticmaalayo ore dabiici ah oo ay ku jiraan xaddi badan oo ah ganaax, kaliya kala masaakiinta suurtowdo. separation ugu fiican ee lasoo werinayo inay ka hadhay ka casriyeyn sabeynta ee la P hore2The5 fiirsashada of 8.2% kabsaday wax soo saarka ah 22.1% P2The5. No heerka soo kabashada la sheegay. Waxa xusid mudan, mid ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka la sheegay ahaa dhista-up of ganaax on electrodes SEPARATOR ah.

shaqada dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan kala go'a electrostatic ee phosphate North Carolina isticmaalaya xiisad sare SEPARATOR nooca duubin

[10]gabagabeeyey in halka kala phosphate iyo quartz suurto gal ahayd, kharashka qalajiyo ahaa badheedhi. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, siiyo in senti phosphate calcined qalalan yihiin, cilmi soo jeediyay in separation of electrostatic senti sida laga yaabaa in ay suurtogal tahay. Kala phosphates calcined jiray saboolka ah ee shaqada sidaana. Kala muuqday in la xiriira size walxaha halkii ay ka kooban. horumar soo jeediyay waxaa ka mid ahaa isticmaalka hababka kale soociddiisa electrostatic, reagents si kor loogu qaado walxaha sifooyinka ku amraya iyo qiimaynta screen aad ugu dhow ee qalabka. Ma jirto caddayn in wax shaqada daba-waxaa lagu sameeyaa mashruucan.

Waxbaa shaqo hore oo isticmaalaya separators rullaluistemadka-xiisad sare [11] si guul leh laga saaray aluminium iyo bir xeryahooda ka orod-of-anigaa ore ka Florida. ore ayaa la qalajiyey, jajabiyey, iyo si taxadar leh xajmi ka hor-soociddiisa. P The2The5 fiirsashada ahaa in yar kordhay ka 30.1% si ay u 30.6% laakiin saarista oo ka mid ah xarumaha Al iyo Fe karti loo soo kabashada aad uga wanaagsan xiga by hababka sabeynta. Shaqadan waxaa lagu muujiyey isticmaalka SEPARATOR ah electrostatic si wax looga qabto dhibaato la xiriirta ore gaar ah in koobnayn processing caadiga qoyan.

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

Oo ay la socdaan baaritaano kala qalabka kale oo badan, Ciccu iyo co-workers tijaabiyey kala ah noocyo kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin ilaha senti phosphate ka India, Algeria, Tunisia, iyo Angola. [12] separation Electrostatic ahaa oo xiiso ay badal u tahay sabeynta eegaysana dhaqaale sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in kayd badan oo phosphates waxaa laga helaa gobollada oomane. [13] Isticmaalka shaybaarka baaxad separators dayrta oo lacag la'aan ah oo leh "turbocharger", cilmi, kuwaas oo ay awoodaan si ay u helaan natiijada soociddiisa la mid ah geedi socodka sabeynta ka senti la isugu darey gangue fudud. Gaar ahaan, waxayna ka heleen addoon phosphate in eedeeyay wanaagsan in joogitaanka silica, laakiin negative in joogitaanka calcite. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii ore ku jira xaddi weyn oo silica iyo carbonate labada, kala electrostatic waxay ahayd mid liidata iyo geedi socodka sabeynta cadaato-bedbedel badan leh si loo helo kala ool ah. Laga soo bilaabo waxbarashada ee saamaynta turbocharger ku amraya of Qurub shaqsi, cilmi, kuwaas oo soo gabagabeeyey in wax gangue ee ugu horrayn ku amray taabashada walxaha-walxaha halkii ay xiriir la dusha turbocharger ah. [13] [14] Amraya ayaa sidoo kale ay aad xasaasi u ah heerkulka wax, la-soociddiisa wanaag keliya heli kor 100 ° C. Intaa waxaa dheer, joogitaanka wax wanaagsan keena dhibaatooyin SEPARATOR iyo natiijo fiican ku xiran qiimaynta taxaddar of Qurub in ilaa saddex size u dhaxeysa ka hor-soociddiisa. kooban oo ka mid ah natiijada ka soo kooxdan waxaa lagu soo bandhigay Shaxda 2. No buuxa- codsiyada qiyaasta u muuqan in lagu fuliyo ku salaysan shaqada this.

Miis 2. Natiijooyinka laga soo sheegey Ciccu, iyo. al. ka shaybaarka baaxad separators dayrta oo lacag la'aan ah

separation of Electrostatic ore Masri ah la darsay by Hammoud, et al. iyadoo la isticmaalayo shaybaarka baaxad SEPARATOR dayrta oo lacag la'aan ah. [15] ore loo isticmaalo ku jira horrayn silica iyo kale beelaya la P hore2The5 fiirsashada of 27.5%. Shayga kabsaday lahaa P a2The5 fiirsashada of 33% la a 71.5% kabashada.

waxbarasho dheeraad ah ore Masri ah la gangue horrayn siliceous la sameeyay by Abouzeid, et al. isticmaalaya SEPARATOR rullaluistemadka shaybaar. [16] Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa si gaar ah wuxuu damcay inuu garto farsamooyinka qalalan in ay xooga saarto iyo / ama senti phosphate dedust degmooyinka biyo yaraanta. daraasaddan ka heli wax soo saarka leh 30% P2The5 ka wax feed la a 18.2 % P2The5 la soo kabashada ah 76.3 % ka dib qiimaynta taxadir ah waxyaabaha kala duwan cidhiidhi ah oo u dhexeeya 0.20 mm iyo 0.09 mm.

In article ah dib u eegis ku xiga kala duwan ee ka buuxa geedi socodka beneficiation rayshada ee phosphate, Abouzeid sheegay in halka farsamooyinka-soociddiisa electrostatic ahaayeen guulaha senti phosphate casriyeyn ay ka saareen silica iyo carbonates, tayada hoose ee separators la heli karo koobnayn isticmaalkooda wax soo saarka ganacsiga. [17]

separation of Electrostatic senti Florida ayaa dhawaan bartay by Stencel iyo Jian isticmaalayo shaybaarka a socodka-ilaa free- SEPARATOR dayrta. [18] Ujeedadu waxay ahayd in la ogaado nidaamka ah processing kale ama ay dhamaystirayaan kuwa nidaamka sabeynta ee muddo dheer loo isticmaalo tan sabeynta looma isticmaali karo on wax ka yar 105 μm. Qoraalkan waxaa lagu fudud landfilled, taasoo keentay in khasaare ku dhowaad 30% ee phosphate ee asal ahaan miino. Oo waxay tijaabiyeen deslimed ore cayriin, sabeynta wanaagsan feed, shancosbitaal sabeynta weynaaday, iyo sabeynta final xoogga helay laba dhirta processing ee Florida ee heerka feed ilaa 14 kg / saac ee SEPARATOR shaybaar-miisaan. Natiijooyinka-soociddiisa wanaagsan ayaa laga soo sheegay la sabeynta ee feed wanaagsan (+0.1 mm; ~ 12% P2The5) ka mid kaas oo la casriyeeyay si 21-23% P2The5 laba baas la 81- 87% P2The5 kabashada iyadoo diiday silica ugu horrayn beelaya. Natiijooyinka la mid ah ayaa gaaray markii tribocharging feed isticmaalaya midkood tube gudbinayeen pneumatic ama qoqobada tribo-xeedho.

cilmi baaris ugu dhawaan sheegay galay kala electrostatic of senti phosphate lug nidaamka loogu talagalay in ay si fiican u tayadoodii xukun qalabka ka hor hordhaca galay SEPARATOR a dayrta oo lacag la'aan ah, Tao iyo Al-Hwaiti [19] aqoonsaday in aanay jirin isticmaalka ganacsiga ee electrostatics for beneficiation phosphate sabab u ah nidaamka hoose

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dhex, oolnimada hoose iyo baahida loo qabo in la size qaybinta walxaha cidhiidhi shaqeeyaan. cilmi Kuwani si gaar ah waxay dooneen in ay ka gudbaan cufnaanta lacag walxaha hooseeyo ee la xidhiidha nidaamka ku xidhan walxaha in ay xiriir walxaha ama raadka ay ku leeyihiin nidaam xukun fudud. La shaqaynta ore a Jordan la horrayn gangue silica, wax la burburiyo -1.53 mm oo si taxadir leh ka gaabsaday in ay ka saarto waxyaabaha hoos ku qoran 0.045 mm. A SEPARATOR free-dayrta yaryar shaybaarka waxaa lagu rakibay xeedho cusub ee loogu talagalay qoqobada loogu talagalay la dhululubo a taagan iyo durbaan qoqobada, ama xeedho, iyo meel annular ee u dhexeeya. sahayda An awood dibadda waxaa loo isticmaalay si aad u dalbato iman kara koronto u dhexeeya durbaanka soonka qoqobada iyo dhululubo ka taagan. Ka dib markii amraya taabashada durbaan qoqobada, Qurub dhaaftaan oo aad gashaan SEPARATOR a free-dayrta caadiga ah. la shaqaynta 100 size Dufcaddii garaam oo laga bilaabo feed a diiday P2The5 content ee 23.8%, ka dib markii laba baas shancosbitaal ah ilaa 32.11% P2The5 bogsaday, inkasta oo kaliya la soo kabashada guud ee 29%.

In dadaal lagu doonayo in beneficiate ganaax phosphate (< 0.1 mm), Bada et al. shaqeeya SEPARATOR a free dayrta la nidaam qoqobada ku amraya aad ula mid ah in Tao ee.[20]. Qoraalkani wuxuu ku bilaabin ahaa ka shancosbitaal sabeynta ee ay ku jiraan ganaax la P a2The5 of 28.5%. wax soo saarka A ee 34.2% P2The5 bogsaday laakiin mar dambe la heerka soo kabashada hoose ee 33.4%.

Tani "SEPARATOR triboelectrostatic free-dayrta Rotary" ayaa mar kale codsatay in ay beneficiation engegan of phosphates by Sobhy iyo Tao. [21] La shaqaynta dolomitic dhagax dixeed ah jajabiyey phosphate ka Florida kala duwan size walxaha aad u ballaadhan (1.25 mm – <0.010 mm), shancosbitaal phosphate la a 1.8% MgO iyo 47% P2The5 kabashada waxaa soo saaray ka feed ah laga bilaabo qiyaastii 23% P2The5 iyo 2.3% MgO. Natiijada si mug leh oo ku saabsan qalab shaybaar-baaxadda ayaa gaaray markii quudinta 9 kg / hr iyo - 3kV codsatay in ay xeedho ku Rotary. oolnimada Kala la sheegay in la xadiday labada xoraynta dadka saboolka ah ee wax ku soo qayb weyn iyo faragelin ah tirada walxaha kala duwan ee qolkii kala.

Natiijooyinka wanaagsan ayaa gaaray marka ay muunad sabeynta ee feed la walxaha size qaybinta cidhiidhi ah 1 si ay u 0.1 mm. Iyadoo P hore2The5 content of qiyaastii 10%, baarka alaabta la helay iyada oo ku dhowaad 25% P2The5 content, P2The5 kabashada 90%, iyo diidmada 85% of quartz ah. Tani hufnaanta ay muujiyeen la xusay sida badan ka wanaagsan yahay in la helaa la SEPARATOR free-dayrta leh nidaam xukun more caadiga ah sida by Stencel isticmaalo [18] muujinaya faa'iido ah ee xeedho cusub ee loogu talagalay Rotary. Qiimeyntu shancosbitaal sabeynta ee ay ku jiraan 31.7% P2The5 keentay wax soo saarka oo ka badan 35% P2The5 la soo kabashada ah 82%. casriyeyn Tani waxay caan ku ahaa ka fiican yahay suurto gal by sabeynta in ay.

shaybaarka Tani SEPARATOR baaxad leh width nidaamka kala ah 7.5 cm lagu tilmaamay inuu qabo awoodda ah 25 kg / hr, oo u dhiganta 1/3 tonne / hr / meter of width. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saamaynta sheegay heerka feed on oolnimada-soociddiisa oo muujisay in kala fiicnayn ayaa heshay kaliya 9 kg / hr ama wax yar ka badan saddex meelood hal meel awooda magacaaban nidaamka.

Guud ahaan, shaqo hore ku casriyeyn electrostatic of senti phosphate ayaa xadiday xukun qaraabo ah gangue adag iyo saameynta ay dhaawici saamayn size walxaha, khaas ahaan, saamaynta ganaax. Inta badan oo shaqo ku lug leh qalabka qiyaasta shaybaarka keliya ansaxinta ku jirin in baaxadda ganacsiga, si joogto ah qalabka ku shaqeeya loo isticmaali karo. Intaa waxaa dheer, awoodda yar ee qalabka nidaamka electrostatic heli karo ka dhigay codsiyada ganacsi uneconomical.

2. Xudduudka ah hababka soociddiisa electrostatic caadiga ah

rullaluistemadka xiisad High nidaamka kala go'idda electrostatic sida loo isticmaalo by Groppo [10] iyo Kouloheris et al. [11] caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo for casriyeeyo noocyo kala duwan oo qalab markii mid ka mid ah qayb badan yahay tabinta badan kuwa kale. In hawlgaladaa, wax waa la xiriir durbaan ku xeeldheer ama saxan caadi ahaan ka dib markii ay qayb ka wax xun Oogay dheecaan ah Corona ionizing. qalabka tabinta lumin doonaa waxay u talin si deg deg ah oo lagu soo tuuray durbaan. non The- wax tabinta sii wadaan in ay la soo jiidatay inay durbaan tan iyo amarka dhereggu doonaa si tartiib ah u dhici doono ama in la indha tiray ka durbaanka ka dib kala wax ka qabashada.

jaantuska soo socda (Jaantuska 2) ayaa muujineysa muuqaalada aasaasiga ah ee noocan ah ee SEPARATOR. Nidaamkan waa mid yihiin

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koobnayn in awoodda ay sabab u tahay xiriirka loo baahan yahay ee walxaha kasta si ay durbaanka ama saxan. Saamayntii oo ka mid ah separators durbaanka duudduuban ayaa sidoo kale ku koobnayn qayb ka mid ah oo ku saabsan 0.1mm ama ka weyn ee size ay sabab u tahay labada baahida loo qabo in la xiriir waslad khafiif ah oo ku xeeldheer iyo dhaqdhaqaaqa socodka walxaha loo baahan yahay. Baaxad ahaan kala duwan sidoo kale waxay yeelan doonaan dhaqdhaqaaqa socodka kala duwan ay sabab u tahay saamaynta latago oo keeni doonta in separation yaraadeen.

Jaantuska 2: Drum SEPARATOR electrostatic (Elder iyo Yan, 2003 [22]

isku dayay Codsiga waxaa ku koobnayn phosphate beneficiation waxaa sabab u ah dabeecadda non-tabinta ee phosphates iyo waxyaabaha caadiga ah gangue labada. Kouloheris arkay ugu horayn ka saarida qaar ka mid ah birta iyo aluminium ku jiraan qayb ka ah in, ay sabab u tahay iyaga oo nooca tabinta, waxaa "tuuro" ka isaguu ku. Jiritaanka sort this ee wax ku senti phosphate ma aha wax caadi ah. Groppo xusay in wax kaliya in uu ahaa "iskula" in isaguu ku ah "non-kaari" ahaayeen ganaax, oo muujinaysa kala by size walxaha halkii ay ka kooban qalab. [9] Iyada oo laga reebo dhif suurto gal, senti phosphate ma aha kasteba si beneficiation by separators rullaluistemadka xiisad sare.

separators rullaluistemadka Drum ayaa sidoo kale adeegsadaa gaadmada ah in ay ku tiirsan yihiin xukun triboelectric qayb halkii ay ku amraya laaluusheen by ionization laaluusheen by field-xiisad sare. Mid ka mid ah ama ka badan electrodes u taagan kor durbaan, sida koronto "ma guurto ah" lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 2, waxaa loo isticmaaley si "wiish" qayb ka mid ah lacag oo iska soo horjeeda ka dusha durbaan. Nidaamka noocan oo kale ah ayaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa by Abouzeid, et al. [16] kuwaas oo la ogaaday in hufnaan isa-soociddiisii ​​way beddeli ku xiran polarity iyo codsatay danab ka mid ah electrodes guurto ah. Hab-Johnson The [1] loo isticmaalo kala duwanaansho kale oo SEPARATOR rullaluistemadka durbaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda xaddidan iyo hufnaanta habka a rullaluistemadka hal keenaysaa in nidaamka mid aad u adag sida lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 1. Sida kor ku xusan, waxa ay u muuqataa in dhibka iyo karti guud ee geedi socodka ba'an ku koobnayn ay codsi.

kala Triboelectrostatic aan ku xaddidnayn kala tabinta / qalabka non-tabinta laakiin waxay ku xiran tahay arrin ee kala iibsiga lacag by xiriir frictional qalabka la chemistry dusha duwana. Tani waxay ifafaale ayaa lagu isticmaalaa in geedi socodka soociddiisa "dayrta oo lacag la'aan ah" muddo tobannaan sano. nidaamka noocan oo kale ah waxaa lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 3. Qaybaha ee isku dar ah ee Qurub ugu horeysay horumarinta eedeeyay kala duwan by xiriirka labada la dusha biraha a, sida in a tribo-xeedho, ama by walxaha inay xiriir walxaha, sida in qalab quudinta sariirta buusho. Sida qayb ka dhici marayo

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

beerta korontada aaga koronto ah, dhabbihii walxaha kasta waxaa dhacday xagga koronto ee lacag soo horjeeda. Ka dib markii meel fog qaarkood, biinka ururinta shaqeeya ay u kala soocaan durdurrada. rakiban caadiga ah u baahan yihiin marxaladaha SEPARATOR badan la recycle of jajab fari. aaladaha qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan il joogta ah oo gaas ah si ay u caawiyaan gaarsiinta ee qayb ka ah iyada oo loo marayo zone koronto ah.

Jaantuska 5: "Dayrta Free" SEPARATOR triboelectrostatic

Halkii ku xiran tahay oo kaliya on walxaha inay xiriir walxaha si ay u abaari kala iibsiga lacag, Habab badan oo noocan ah u isticmaalaan qaybta a "xeedho" ka kooban qalab xulay leh ama aan lahayn danab codsatay in kor loogu qaado xukun walxaha. In the 1950, Lawver baaray iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin dhagax dubbe iyo dhagax ul ku nasto islamarkaana wax u dhexeeya heerarka kala-soociddiisa [4] iyo sidoo kale saxan saxan fudud ka mid ah maaddooyinka kala duwan. [5] [6] Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Lawver soo gabagabeeyey in heerkulka wax ahaa har muhiimadda iyo walxaha-walxaha kala iibsiga lacag kor ku heerkulka daarmayaay'e bixiyo natiijo ka wanaagsan yahay isticmaalka xeedho. Lounge et al. [12] baadhay heerka qaraabo ah kala iibsiga lacag iyo gabagabeeyey in wax gangue yar heleen lacag ugu horrayn taabashada walxaha-walxaha ay sabab u tahay jaaniska yar ee saamaynta inta jeer ee la saxan xeedho. Arrintan ayaa muujineysa xaddidaadda ah isticmaalka nidaamka xeedho: oo dhan Qurub waa la xiriir dusha xeedho si heerka feed waa in ay ahaadaan yar. Contact loo hagaajin karaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo xaaladaha qasan for gaarsiinta wax ama adigoo isticmaalaya meel dusha ballaaran dhaqaaqin xeedho. Shaqada ugu danbeeyay ee Tao [19] iyo Bada [20] iyo Sobhy [21] isticmaali xeedho si gaar ah loogu qoqobada la danab la dabaqay, laakiin kaliya on SEPARATOR aad u yar baaxad shaybaarka. Iyada oo ay tani design xeedho hagaagay ayaa la sheegay in ay ka sareyso nidaamyada ka weyn, awoodaha processing muujiyeen nidaamyadan weli aad ayuu u hooseeyaa. [21]

Noocan ah SEPARATOR dayrta oo lacag la'aan ah ayaa sidoo kale waxa uu leeyahay la dhaafi karin ee size walxaha mid ah waxyaabaha la sheegay in loo samayn karo. socodka gudahood zone koronto waa in gacanta si loo yareeyo qas inay ka fogaadaan "marsamaysa" nijaasta ah. dhabbihii qayb ka wanaagsan yihiin ka badan dhibta ka qas tan iyo markii ciidamada jiitaa aerodynamic on qayb ka wanaagsan yihiin inta ka badan ciidamada gravitational iyo electrostatic. Dhibaatadaan waa laydinka adkaan kartaa in shahaado haddii wax la kala duwan size walxaha yara cidhiidhi ah la farsameeyo. Inta ugu badan ee cilmi-baarista laga wada hadlay kor ku xusan wax pre-baarista waxaa ka mid ahaa galay safafka size kala duwan si ay u tayadoodii-soociddiisa. [5] [6] [7] [9] [12] [14] [16] [19] [20] [21] The

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

farqiga of 8 si ay u 20 kV. suunka, taas oo laga sameeyey caag ah non-qabashada, waa mesh a ballaaran leh oo ku saabsan 60% meesha furan. qayb ka ah si fudud u gudbin kartaa iyada oo godadkii in suunka. Marka galay farqiga u dhaxeeya electrodes galo ka qayb xun oo lagu eedeeyay waxaa soo jiitay by ciidamada beerta korontada u electrodes wanaagsan hoose. The Qurub wanaagsan eedeeyay waxaa soo jiitay in koronto ay si xun u eedeeyay top. xawaaraha suunka loop joogto ah waa variable ka 4 in 20 / s. joomatariga The oo ka mid ah qaybood cross-jihada u adeegta si ay xaaqin qayb ka ah off electrodes iyaga socdaan jihada dhamaadka habboon ee SEPARATOR iyo dib aagga xiirid sare u dhexeeya qaybaha oppositely guuraya ee suunka. Maxaa yeelay, cufnaanta tirada walxaha waa sidaas sare gudahood farqiga u dhexeeya elektaroodhada (qiyaas ahaan hal- saddexaad mugga ayaa waxaa kujira Qurub) iyo socodka waxaa si aada u xanaaqsan, waxaa jira shilalka badan oo u dhexeeya Qurub iyo xukun aan fiicnayn dhacdaa si joogto ah oo dhan zone kala. counter-hadda socodka laaluusheen by qaybaha suunka oppositely dhaqaaqin iyo dib-u-ku amraya iyo dib-u-soociddiisa oo joogtada abuuraa counter kala hadda multistage gudahood qalab hal. Tani xukun joogto ah iyo recharging qayb gudahood SEPARATOR ah meesha nidaam kasta oo looga baahan yahay "xeedho" ka hor inta aan soo bandhigid wax si SEPARATOR ah, sidaas saareen xaddidaadda halis ah on awoodda separators kale electrostatic. wax soo saarka ee SEPARATOR tani waa laba durdurrada, shancosbitaal ah oo ka hadhay a, la'aan ah durdur middlings. oolnimada ee SEPARATOR this ayaa la sheegay inay u dhigmaan qiyaastii saddex marxaladood oo kala go'ida free-dayrta la middlings dib.

Macdanta A End

Jaantuska 7: Fundamentals of STET Belt SEPARATOR

The-soociddiisa sare hufan qayb ka yar 0.5 mm ka dhigaysa this ikhtiyaarka ugu fiican oo la xaqiijiyay for separation of ganaax (boodh) ka howlgal potash qalalan darane. SEPARATOR STET The karto tiro balaadhan oo ah tirada walxaha si hufan oo aan baahida loo qabo kala soocidda galay safafka size cidhiidhi ah. Maxaa yeelay, buuqa xooggan, heerka sare xiirid dhexeeya suunka uusan u dhaqaaqin, iyo awood u leh in ay la tacaalaan qayb aad u wanaagsan (<0.001 mm) SEPARATOR ST ah waxaa laga yaabaa wax ku ool ah in ay kala tagaan slimes ore phosphate meesha separators kale electrostatic ayaa ku guuldareysatay.

3.1 Capital iyo Operating Kharashka

A Daraasad kharashka barbardhig loo sameeyey by STET oo ay qabatay Soutex Inc. [25] Soutex waa shirkad Quebec Kanada ku salaysan injineernimada leh waayo-aragnimo ballaaran labada sabeynta qoyan iyo qiimaynta nidaamka kala go'idda electrostatic iyo design. Baadhitaanka ayaa marka la barbar dhigo kharashaadka caasimada iyo hawlgalka geedi socodka soociddiisa suunka triboelectrostatic in sabeynta Wiski caadiga ah, waayo, beneficiation ee ore-fasalka hooseeyo barite a. The kharashka ka hawlgala ayaa lagu qiyaasay in ay ka mid shaqada hawlgalka, dayactirka, tamarta (korontada iyo shidaalka), iyo isticmaalo (e.g, kharashka reagent kiimiko sabeynta). kharashka la geliyo ayaa ku salaysan qiimaha caadiga ah ee dhirta khiyaali ah oo ku yaalla meel u dhow Battle Mountain, Nevada USA. Qiimaha guud ee lahaanshaha ka badan toban sano waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa qiimaha caasimada iyo qalliinka by loo maleeyo ah

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

8% heerka sicir-dhimis. Natiijooyinka la barbardhigo qiimaha ay joogaan sida boqolkiiba qaraabo in Table 3. Miis 3. Isbarbar Qiimaha for Barite Processing

Wadarta qiimaha iibka qalabka caasimada hanaanka-soociddiisa suunka triboelectrostatic waa wax yar ka yar, waayo sabeynta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee marka kharashka caasimada guud ahaan waxaa loo xisaabiyaa si ka mid ah qalabka lagu rakibo, tuubooyin iyo korontada kharashka, iyo kharashka dhismaha nidaamka, farqiga u waa weyn. Qiimaha caasimada guud ee geedi-soociddiisa suunka triboelectrostatic waa 63.2% ee qarashka hanaanka sabeynta ee. The qiimaha weyn uga yar tahay geeddi-socodka qalalan natiijooyinka ka xaashida socodka fudud. The kharashka ka hawlgala hanaanka-soociddiisa suunka triboelectrostatic waa 75.5% geedi socodka sabeynta ee ay sabab u tahay inta hoose shuruudaha shaqaalaha hawlgalka iyo isticmaalka tamarta hoose.

Qiimaha guud ee lahaanshaha geedi-soociddiisa suunka triboelectrostatic waa weyn u wax ka yar for sabeynta. author daraasadda, Soutex Inc., gabagabeeyey in geedi-soociddiisa suunka triboelectrostatic bixisaa faa'iidooyinka cad in shirkadda Sentech, OPEX, iyo xog la hawl-.

4. Summary

Iyadoo beneficiation of senti phosphate by hababka electrostatic qalalan ayaa la isku dayay cilmi kala duwan tan iyo 1940 ayaa waxaa uu ahaa mid aad loo isticmaalo xadka u ah hababka sida on baaxadda ganacsiga. Guusha xaddidan ayaa ay sabab u tahay kala duwan ee arrimaha u sabab ah naqshado nidaamka SEPARATOR iyo kakanaanta ee senti ah.

feed diyaarinta (heerkulka, kala soocidda size, wakiilada conditioning) ay saameyn weyn ku waxqabadka nidaamka kala. Fursadaha shaqo dheeraad ah ee ku yaala goobahan, gaar ahaan sahaminta ee wakiilada conditioning kiimikada si kor loogu qaado xukun kala duwan ee qayb ka ah si ay awood ku oolnimada weyn ee isa-soociddiisa ku xiga. Isticmaalka wakiilada lacag-bedelayaan sida keeni kartaa in geedi socodka in si guul ah beneficiate kartaa senti wax gangue adag, oo ay ku jiraan silicates iyo carbonates labada.

Inkasta oo shaqada sii wadaan in ay sii kala miiri qaababkani, xadeynta aasaasiga ah hababka electrostatic caadiga ah waxaa ka mid ah awoodda, loo baahan yahay heerarka kala duwan oo casriyeyn ku filan ee dhadhaab, iyo dhibaatooyinka hawl sababa ganaax. Si codsiyada ganacsi baaxad macne oo ka mid ah farsamooyinka shaybaarka soo bandhigay, horumar weyn waa in la sameeyaa si loo hubiyo isku halayn karo, hawlgal joogto ah oo aan nabaad-of-oolnimada.

SEPARATOR triboelectric STET wuxuu bixiyaa warshadaha macdanta loo adeegsanayo in la beneficiate qalab wanaagsan oo technology ah oo gebi ahaanba qalalan. The habka bay'adda u baabiin karta processing qoyan iyo qallajinta loo baahan yahay ee wax ka final. habka STET ku shaqeysaa awoodda sare - ilaa 40 tan saacaddii by mashiin is haysta. SEPARATOR STET The karto tiro balaadhan oo ah tirada walxaha si hufan oo aan baahida loo qabo kala soocidda galay safafka size cidhiidhi ah. Maxaa yeelay, buuqa xooggan, heerka sare xiirid dhexeeya suunka uusan u dhaqaaqin, iyo awood u leh in ay la tacaalaan qayb aad u wanaagsan (<0.001 mm) SEPARATOR STET ah waxaa laga yaabaa wax ku ool ah in ay kala tagaan slimes ka senti phosphate meesha separators kale electrostatic ayaa ku guuldareysatay. isticmaalka tamarta yar tahay, ku dhowaad 1-2 kWh / tan oo wax baaraandegi. Tan iyo hawada oo keliya ku iman kara geedi socodka waa ciidda, saamaxdo caadi ahaan waa mid fudud.

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tixraacyada

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[2]H. B. Johnson, Processing ee xoogga Macdanta Phosphate kacaan, United States Xaqsiinta # 2,197,865, April, 1940.

[3]O.C. Ralston, Kala Electrostatic ee adkaha Granular Mixed, Elsevier Publishing Company, out of print, 1961.

[4]J.E. Lawver, Ore Beneficiation Habka US Xaqsiinta 2723029 November 1955

[5]J.E. Lawver, Beneficiation ah Non-macdan macdan. US Xaqsiinta 2,754,965 July 1956

[6]J.E. Lawver, Beneficiation ee Phosphate senti US Xaqsiinta 3,225,923 Dec 1965

[7]C. C. Cook, Beneficiation Habka iyo nabadgelyada daraaddeed, United States Xaqsiinta # 2,738,067, March, 1956

[8]J.E. Lawver, Beneficiation ah Non-macdan macdan. US Xaqsiinta 2,805,769 September 1957

[9]D. G. Freasby, Free-fall-soociddiisa electrostatic ee phosphate iyo calcite Qurub, Macdanta Research Progress Report Laboratory, December, 1966

[10]J.G. Groppo, separation of Electrostatic phosphates North Carolina, North Carolina Macdanta University State Laboratory Report Research

# 80-22-P, 1980

[11]A.P. Kouloheris, M.S. Huang, saaridda engegan oo daahirinta ku of quruurux phosphate orod-of-anigaa iska leh dhagaxayga weyn ka, United States Xaqsiinta # 3,806,046, April 1974

[12]R. Brillante, C. Delfa, G.B. dheefaha, P. Carbini, L. Raze, P. Saba1972 Qaar ka mid ah imtixaanada kala electrostatic codsatay in phosphates la gangue carbonate ', International Macdanta Processing Congress, University of Cagliari, Italy

[13]R. Brillante, M. Tag, Beneficiation senti ee caatada ah phosphate aasan by sabeynta ee doorashada ama kala electrostatic, Talaaboda, shirka FIPR 1993, 135-146.

[14]R. Brillante, M. Tag, G. Ferrara tribocharging Selective qayb ka kala, KONA Powder iyo walxaha Journal 1993, 11, 5-15.

[15]N.S. Hammoud, A. E. Khazback, M.M. ama, 1977 nidaamka A si ay kor ugu qaadaan phosphates non-oxidized caatada adag ee Abu Oogada Tartur

(lamadegaanka Western)". International Macdanta Processing Shirka.

[16]A.Z.M. Abouzeid, A. E. Khazback, S.A. Hassan, Casriyeyn ah senti phosphate by-soociddiisa electrostatic, Beddelidda Scopes of Macdanta Processing, 1996, 161-170.

[17]A.Z.M. Abouzeid, daaweynta jirka iyo kaamerada of senti phosphate - guud, International Journal of Macdanta Processing, 2008, 85, 59-84.

[18]J.M. Stencel, X. Jiang Gaadiidka Pneumatic, Triboelectric Beneficiation for Phosphate Florida ee Warshadaha, Report Final loo diyaariyey Institute Florida ee Research Phosphate, Project FIPR 01-02-149R, December 2003.

[19]D. qof, M. Al-Hwaiti, Daraasad Beneficiation of Eshidiya phosphorites isticmaalaya a SEPARATOR triboelectrostatic Rotary, Macdanta Sayniska iyo Technology 20 (2010) pp. 357-364.

[20]S. The. Haddii, I.M. Falcon, R.M.S. Falcon, C.P, Bergmann, daraasad on fiirsashada triboelectrostatic ah <105μm phosphate ore. The Journal of Institute Afrika Southern Macdanta iyo Metallurgy, Laga yaabaa 2012, 112, 341-345.

[21]A. Sobhy, D. qof, technology RTS cusub oo loogu talagalay beneficiation qalalan ee phosphate, SYMPHOS 2013 - 2nd International Dood Cilmiyeed ku saabsan curinta iyo Technology for Industry Phosphate ah. Procedia Engineering, vol. 83 PP 111-121, 2014.

[22]J. Elder, E. Yan, 2003. "EForce.- jiilka cusub ee SEPARATOR electrostatic ee warshadaha macdanta sands. "Shirka Macdanta culus, Johannesburg, Machadka African Macdanta iyo Metallurgy South.

[23]L. Brands, P-M. Beier In. Stahl,Kala Electrostatic, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH& Co., 2005.

[24]J.D. Bittner, F.J. Hrach, S.A. Gasiorowski, L.A. Canellopoulus, H. Guicherd, SEPARATOR suunka Triboelectric for beneficiation macdanta wanaagsan, SYMPHOS 2013 - 2nd International Dood Cilmiyeed ku saabsan curinta iyo Technology for Industry Phosphate ah. Procedia Engineering, vol. 83 PP 122-129, 2014.

[25]J.D. Bittner, IC. Flynn, F.J. Hrach, codsiyada Ballaarinta in separation qalalan triboelectric of minerals, Talaaboda Guri ka mid ah XXVII International Macdanta Processing Congress - IMPC 2014, Santiago, Chile, Oct 20 - 24, 2014.