Select Language:
Kyle Flynn, Abhishek Gupta, Frank Hrach
aan la taaban karin
Review of suugaanta ku habboon muujinaysaa in cilmi-weyn ayaa ku dadaaleen inay electrostatically codsan
farsamooyinka kala go'idda si ay u qalalaan cunto warshad ku salaysan granular (i.e., organic) qalabka. horumarinta Tani ayaa la dedejiyey ee la soo dhaafay 10 - 20 sano, with many researchers in Europe and the United States applying kala saaridda electrostatic techniques to a wide variety of beneficiation challenges. From cilmi, waxaa iska cad in hababka electrostatic leeyihiin awood u leh in ay curiyaan cusub, wax soo saarka warshadda sare-qiimaha, ama badal ah ku qoyso hababka processing. Inkasta oo kala yididiilo hadhuudh badarka, pulse and oilseed materials have been demonstrated at the laboratory and in some cases, pilot scale, nidaamyada electrostatic loo isticmaalo si ay u muujiyaan natiijada laga yaabaa inaysan noqon qalabka processing ku haboon ama kharash-ool ah si ay u qabtaan kala sida ku salaysan ganacsi. teknoolajiyada badan oo electrostatic ma ku haboon yihiin habka jar dhulka, budo yar cufnaanta sida alaabo geedka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Qalabka ST ah & technology (STET) SEPARATOR suunka triboelectrostatic ayaa awood u leh soo bandhigay si loo farsameeyo Qurub ganaax ka 500 - 1 μm. The STET belt separator is a high-rate, industrially xaqiijiyay qalab processing in laga yaabaa in ku haboon ay uga ganacsan horumarinta ee dhawaan ka dhacay wax organic processing. SEPARATOR suunka STET The waxa la baadhay on sambal oo bur ah oo dhan oo waxaa lagu ogaaday in guulaha ay ka saareen bran ka jajab istaarijka. imtixaanka Future la SEPARATOR STET lagu qaban doono on baarka buunshaha qamadiga, bur hadhuudh
iyo digir, sida soy iyo jaawida.
keywords: Qabiilka-Electrostatic, Electrostatic, Kala, Fractionation, sarreen, Midho, bur, fiber, protein, Oilseeds, karsado
Hordhac
hababka kala go'ida Electrostatic ayaa faa'iideysanayaa la soo dhaafay 50 sano on beneficiation ganacsi baaxad ah
macdanta warshadaha iyo warshadaynta qalabka qashinka. beneficiation Electrostatic oo cunto ah warshad ku salaysan granular qalalan (i.e, organic) qalab lagu baadhi muddo ka badan 140 sano, la patent ugu horeysay kala electrostatic of middlings burka buuxiyey sida ugu 1880. [1] beneficiation Electrostatic u oggolaanaysa in kala duwanaanshaha ku salaysan in chemistry dusha (shaqo shaqo) ama guryaha dielectric. Mararka qaarkood, kala kuwan ma noqon doono in la isticmaalayo size ama cufnaanta kala keligiis. nidaamka kala go'idda Electrostatic shaqeeyaan mabaadi'da la mid ah. All hababka kala go'ida electrostatic ku jira nidaamka ah in ay koronto ka qaadaan qayb ka ah, duurka ku ah dibadda ahbaa korontada kala ah in ay ka dhacdo, iyo hab ka mid ah gudbinayeen qayb galay oo ka soo qalab kala. xukun korontada dhici kartaa mid ama dhowr ah oo ay ku jiraan habab induction tabinta, tribo-ku amraya (xiriir electrification) iyo ra'iyi ama Corona amraya. nidaamka kala go'idda Electrostatic isticmaalaan ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah hababka ku amraya. [2]
duudduuban nidaamka kala go'idda electrostatic xiisad High loo isticmaalay warshadaha iyo codsiyada halkaas oo mid ka mid ah dad badan oo
component waa ka koronto tabinta badan kuwa kale. Tusaalooyinka codsiyada separators duudduuban xiisad sare waxaa ka mid ah macdanta dhalista titanium-soociddiisa, iyo sidoo kale codsiyada dib u warshadaynta, tusaale ahaan kala sooca biraha ka caag ah. Waxaa jira kala duwanaansho badan oo geometries loo isticmaalo hababka duudduuban xiisad sare, laakiin guud ahaan, ay ku shaqeeyaan mabaadi'da la mid ah. Qurub aqristaha xun Oogay dheecaan ah Corona ionizing. Qurub Feed yihiin kala firdhiyey u gal durbaan qoqobada, halkaas oo durbaanka la koronto ku xeeldheer. The Qurub koronto tabinta waxay u talin siin kor xiriiraya dusha sare ee durbaanka ku xeeldheer. wareeg ee durbaanka sababa Qurub tabinta in la tuuro ka dusha sare ee durbaanka iyo shubo Ayaxaasi ugu horeysay ee wax soo saarka. The Qurub non-tabinta hayn iyana waxay u talin korontada oo ay iskula in ay dusha sare ee durbaanka. Ugu dambayntii, amarka korontada ku saabsan qayb ka non-tabinta dhereggu doonaa, ama qayb ka ah in la indha tiray doonaa durbaanka ka dib markii durbaanka ayaa wareejiyo si ay qayb ka non-tabinta waxaa shubo Ayaxaasi ah walxaha aan tabinta. In codsiyada qaar ka mid ah, a Ayaxaasi middlings la dhigayaa dhexeeya Ayaxaasi sheyga tabinta iyo non-tabinta. Saamayntii noocan ah qalab-soociddiisa oo guud ahaan ku koobnayn qayb kuwaas oo ilaa xad aan dhab ahayn iyo / ama waxay leeyihiin maamuus u gaar ah oo sare, ay sabab u tahay baahida loo qabo oo dhan qayb ka tahay inaad la xiriirto dusha sare ee durbaanka. Intaa waxaa dheer, socodka walxaha dhaqdhaqaaqa muhiim ah sida dardar angular waa ugu dambeyntii mas'uul ka gudbinayeen qayb ka dusha sare ee durbaanka u ayaxaasi alaabta kala. Qurub Fine iyo Qurub low-cufnaanta waxaa si fudud u saameeyay hadda hawada iyo sidaas ka yar tahay in la tuuro ka durbaan meel la saadaalin karo. [2] [3] [4]
The SEPARATOR suunka xiisad sare kala duwanaansho ah SEPARATOR duudduuban xiisad sare ee kor lagu sharaxay. Qurub Feed waxaa si siman kala firdhiyey oo dhan width ee suunka ah conveyor koronto ku xeeldheer. Qurub lagu eedeeyay, sida caadiga ah by Corona xun, inkastoo habab kale ee ku amraya waa u suurtoobaan. Mar Qurub tabinta siin waxay u talin korontada ilaa suunka conveyor ku xeeldheer, halka qayb ka non-tabinta hayn iyana waxay u talin. The Qurub tabinta dhaco ee cidhifka suunka by cuf, halka qayb ka non-tabinta eedeeyay waa "kor u" off ee dusha sare ee suunka by ciidamada electrostatic. Haddana kala ah in ay wax ku ool ah, walxaha kasta waa la xiriir dusha sare ee suunka ay u oggolaadaan ee Qurub tabinta in ay lacag siiyaan ilaa suunka. Sidaa darteed, kaliya lakabka hal qayb in la gaadhsiiyey kartaa by SEPARATOR ah hal mar. Sida size walxaha waxay masruufaan uu noqdo mid yar, Heerka processing ee qalabka waa la dhimay. [5] [6]
saxan isku midka ah separators electrostatic caadi ahaan ku salaysan kala qayb aan ku saleysan conductivity, laakiin on kala duwan ee kiimikada dusha u ogolaanaya lacag suuqa kala iibsiga korontada by xiriir frictional. Qurub yihiin koronto eedeeyay by xiriir xooggan la qayb kale, ama dusha saddexaad sida birta ama caag la doonayo doonaa guryaha tribo-ku amraya. Qalabka in ay yihiin electronegative (ku yaal dhamaadka xun ee taxanaha tribo-korontada ku) ka saar electrons ka dusha tribo-ku amraya iyo sidaas u bartaan a lacag negative net. In xidhiidh, qalabka in ay yihiin dhammaadka wanaagsan ee taxanahan tribo-korontada ku deeqdo electrons iyo hawsha wanaagsan. The Qurub lagu eedeeyay waxaa ka dibna soo bandhigay duurka koronto ahaan u dhexeeya labada electrodes saxan isku midka ah by yahay gaadiidka kala duwan (cuf, pneumatic, gariirka). In joogitaanka duurka korontada, Qurub eedeeyay guurto dhinaca electrodes oppositely eedeeyay oo la ururiyey ee ayaxaasi saarka baahisey. Mar labaad, jajab middlings ka kooban isku dar ah ee Qurub laga yaabaa ama laga yaabaa in aan la soo ururiyay, ku xiran tahay qaabeynta of qalab kala. [4] [7]
Jaantuska 1: Jaantuska of SEPARATOR duudduuban xiisad sare (bidix) iyo saxan barbar SEPARATOR dayrta oo lacag la'aan ah (xaq u).
Miis 1: Kooban qalabka-soociddiisa electrostatic caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo.
Case 1 - qamadiga iyo qamadiga Bran Beneficiation.
buunshaha qamadiga waa a by-saarka ee axdi qarameedka sarreen caadiga ah, oo wakiil ka ah 10-15% hadhuudh sarreenkiina waxay ku. buunshaha qamadiga ka kooban oo ka mid ah layers dibadda oo ay ku jiraan pericarp ah, madaxa, iyo aleurone. buunshaha qamadiga ku jira inta badan nafaqeeyayaalka yar ee, fiber, iyo phytochemicals ku jira hadhuudh, oo waxay ka muujiyeen faa'iidooyinka caafimaad si aadanuhu. [8] dan weyn ee kala iyo beneficiating buunshaha qamadiga ayaa la sheegay. xiisaha Historical ku kala buunshaha qamadiga ahaa si loo hagaajiyo tayada iyo qiimaha alaabta burka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, danta ugu danbeeyay ka badan ayaa la sheegay inay soo dhiciyaan qaybaha qiimo leh ka buunshaha qamadiga.
In 1880, Thomas Osborne xiranayo SEPARATOR ugu horeeyay ee ganacsi electrostatic ka guurtaa oo bran ka middlings bur. SEPARATOR oo ka kooban duub dahaarka leh kula caag adag ama wax u dhigma oo ahayd awood u ah in dib loo koronto eedeeyay via frictional tribo-ku amraya dhogortood. In kasta oo aan ku tilmaamay, waxaa la wareegay duub caag ah helay amar diidmo ah marka loo eego dhogor, waafaqsan ugu taxane tribo-korontada. The duub koronto eedeeyay ka dibna soo jiitay Qurub fiber bran wanaagsan eedeeyay, iyaga gudbinayeen dushiisa of kitaabkii duudduubnaa ee ilaa Qurub fiber iskula waxaa indha tiray ka dusha sare ee duudduuban. Tani (qiyaasayey) xukun wanaagsan ee buunshaha qamadiga waa isku dhacnay natiijada ay soo sheegeen dadka kale. Tribo-xukun qayb bran la caawiyay by hawada fluidizing soo bandhigay hoose ee qalabka, kaas oo lahaa lacagta dheeraadka ah ee keenaya Qurub bran yar cufan dusha, u dhaw in ay duub ah. [1]
In 1958 qalab ah kala electrostatic ee bran iyo endosperm ku jira middlings bur la siidaayay in xereynta patent ah by Branstad shaqeeya Mills Guud. Qalabka wuxuu ka koobnaa SEPARATOR a barbar saxan, taas oo qayb ka ah ayaa la gaadhsiiyey dhexeeya laba birood by gariirka. Qurub bran, Soo Oogay xiriir frictional la Qurub endosperm, ayaa ka dibna kor koronto ugu sareeya iyada oo perforations in koronto sare. [9]
In 1988 qalab iyo geedi socodka loogu talagalay soo kabsaday aleurone ka buunshaha qamadiga ganacsi ee la siidaayay in xereynta patent ah. buunshaha qamadiga Commercial la bilaabo content aleurone of a 34% waxaa ku hodanaynta si shancosbitaal ah 95% at 10% dhalidda mass (28% kabashada aleurone) by isku dhafan ee axdi qarameedka dubbe, qiimaynta baarista, elutriation hawada iyo kala electrostatic isticmaalaya a saxan barbar SEPARATOR electrostatic. Qurub lagu eedeeyay in qalab elutriator hawada, taas oo uu leeyahay door dual of ay ka saareen ganaax (<40 μm) by gudbinayeen, iyadoo isla tribo-ku amraya wanaagsan Qurub aleurone (ka warbixinta si saxan negative koronto ah) iyo negative pericarp qayb testa /. size The walxaha walxo bran la si taxadar leh ay gacanta ku qarameedka dubbe iyo baaritaan heer multi, si ay u helaan cunto ah inta badan kala xajmi ee 130 - 290 kala duwan μm. [10]
shaqada Recent on kabsaday aleurone ka buunshaha qamadiga sii. In 2008, Buhler AG xiranayo qalab-soociddiisa electrostatic kala qayb aleurone ka qayb qolof ka dhigay ee bran yareeysay. Mid ka mid ah jidhka ka mid ah qalab ka kooban yahay hawlgalka rotor ah meel daaweynta si ciriiri ah oo cabbirkooda, taas oo u oggolaanaysa in ay qayb-ka-walxaha iyo walxaha-to-derbiga xiriir iyo kuwa ku xiga tribo-xukun. The Qurub lagu eedeeyay waxaa ka dibna mashiin gaadhsiiyey galay markabka kala kooban electrodes saxan isku midka ah. Qurub dhici iyada oo weel-soociddiisa by khatarta, sida Qurub la kala eedeeyay dhaqaaqo xagga electrodes oppositely eedeeyay sarkhaansan duurka korontada. [11] Marka lagu daro qiimaynta habboon ee bran feed iyo hababka kala sooca farsamo, uruureen aleurone ilaa 90% ayaa la soo sheegay. [12] [8]
Jaantuska 2: Soo saari ka Hemery et al, 2007 [8].
Tribo-ku amraya oo Corona amraya tijaabo on buunshaha qamadiga lagu fuliyay by shaqaalaha ee Electrostatics ee unugga cilmibaadhista Media kala firdhiyey, University of Poitiers, France ee 2010. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa qiyaasay lacag dusha sare iyo soo baxaan waqtiga ilkuhu iman kara on buunshaha qamadiga leh 10% qoyaan iyo lyophilized (Xayiraadda-qalajiyey) sarreen ah bran. imtixaanka soociddiisa A waxaa lagu sameeyaa tijaabada ah 50% debcinta-qalajiyey buunshaha qamadiga iyo 50% Xayiraadda-qalajiyey aleurone feed isticmaalaya nooca suunka SEPARATOR electrostatic Corona. (Jaantuska 3) Natiijada Kala for SEPARATOR shaybaarka Corona baaxadda tilmaamay 67% of aleurone bogsaday si Ayaxaasi non-kaari ah, halka kaliya 2% ee buunshaha qamadiga sheegay in Ayaxaasi non-kaari ah. Tribo-ku amraya tijaabo ah ayaa sidoo kale la sameeyey la buunshaha qamadiga iyo aleurone, laakiin kaliya in la cabbiro kharash gaar ah dusha [μC / g] ahbaa on jajab kasta, sida soo horjeeda waxyaabaha uu ka soo kabsaday-soociddiisa ah electrostatic. qalabka feed Labada lagu eedeeyay isticmaalaya dhimatay sida dusha xiriir. buunshaha qamadiga iyo aleurone ayaa lagu soo waramayaa sida ku amraya qaraabo fiican u dhimatay, oo laftiisa waa mid aad u electronegative. magnitude ee amarka la ogaaday inay ku xiran tahay cadaadiska qalliinka loo isticmaalo on the tribo-xeedho, oo ku talinaya in qas sare u keenaysaa in xiriiro badan iyo dheeraad ah oo buuxda tribo-xukun. [13]
Jaantuska 3: Soo saari ka Dascalescu et al, 2010 [13]
In 2009, cilmi qiimeeyo electrostatic ku amraya sifooyinka aleurone hodan iyo pericarp qalabka feed hodan. [14] In 2011 cilmi sameeyaa baaritaanka soociddiisa electrostatic on noocyo ka mid ah buunshaha qamadiga Barandho dhulka adeegsanaya qiyaasta pilot saxan electrostatic SEPARATOR a (TEP System, Tribo Flow kala, Lexington, USA). System TEP The isticmaali line xukun ah, halkaas oo qayb ka feed ayaa lagu bilaabaa galay durdur qasan Tifaftirayaasha hawada, iyo pneumatically gaadhsiiyey marayo line xukun qolkii kala ah. qayb ka yihiin tribo-eedeeyay by walxaha in ay xiriir walxaha, iyo sidoo kale walxaha xiriir la dusha sare ee line xukun. Natiijooyinka helay la System TEP ka muujiyeen in separation electrostatic ahayd wax ku ool ah in lagu casriyeeyo content aleurone iyo beta-Glucan ee buunshaha qamadiga. Waxa xiiso leh, jajab ee wax in la ogaaday inay ku jiraan content ugu sareeya aleurone cell, at 68%, wuxuu ahaa mid aad u wanaagsan (D50 = 8 μm) jajab ka soo noqday tuubada amraya soo kabsaday. Ma cadda sababta ay wax this waxaa door ku urursan qalab xukun, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxa aanu ayaa tilmaamaya in awoodda si loo farsameeyo waxyaabaha gacanta aleurone u baahan karaan farsamooyin electrostatic in ay yihiin awood processing budo aad u wanaagsan. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, shaqadan muujiyeen in diyaarinta feed for buunshaha qamadiga ahaa tixgelin muhiim ah. Muunado diyaariyeen cryogenic shiidi in dhagax dubbe la helay ka yar gabi ahaanba in la-socodyo (la xoreeyay) ka badan kuwa dhulka ayaa dhagax nooca saameyn Heerkulka. [15] [16]
Jaantuska 4: Soo saari ka Hemery et al, 2011 [16]
shaqada Recent bartay fiirsashada of arabinoxylans ka buunshaha qamadiga by hababka electrostatic. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa looga faa'iideysan SEPARATOR ah qiyaasta shaybaarka electrostatic kooban ku amraya tube iyo kala qolkii ay ku jiraan laba electrodes saxan isku midka ah. Milled buunshaha qamadiga la soo bandhigay galay tuubada ku amraya oo pneumatically gaadhsiiyey qolkii-soociddiisa oo isticmaalaya nitrogen Tifaftirayaasha. xawaare The qas iyo gaaska sare ee tuubada amraya bixiyo xiriirka walxaha loo baahan yahay tribo-xukun. The Qurub lagu eedeeyay (wax soo saarka ee kala) ayaa laga soo ururiyey dusha sare ee electrodes ee falanqaynta. Sababo la orientation toosan ee electrodes ee qadar weyn oo wax aan la soo ururiyay. Tani jajab middlings dib loo isticmaali kartaa processing dheeraad ah electrostatics caadiga ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, u ahayn ujeeddooyinka wax ka mid ah tijaabo this, wax aan la ururin on electrodes ah waxaa loo tixgeliyaa inay lumay. Cilmibaadhayaasha ayaa sheegay in la kordhiyo wax soo saarka fasalka labadaba (content arabinoxylan in sheyga) iyo hufnaan-soociddiisa sida xawaare gudbinayeen kordhay. [17]
dadaalka Recent in beneficiate buunshaha qamadiga la isticmaalayo habab electrostatic lagu soo koobay halkan hoose Shaxda 2.
Miis 2: Kooban hababka electrostatic qiimeeyo in beneficiate buunshaha qamadiga.
Case 2 - Protein Recovery ka jaawida bur
Cilmi Hab-Cuntada Engineering Group ee Wageningen, Netherlands ayaa, qiimeeyo halista kobcinta protein isticmaalaya digiraha. Digir iyo jaawida bur loo isticmaalay cunto siiya, waayo, noocyo kala duwan oo farsamooyinka kobcinta protein ay ka mid yihiin kala soocidda hawada weheliso-soociddiisa electrostatic. miraha digir iyo jaawida la daaweyn ugu horraysay milled ku dhowaad 200 μm. qalabka Feed waayo, kala soocidda iyo kala electrostatic markii danbe laga milled isticmaalaya dhagax nooca saameyn ku leh classifier gudaha (Hosokawa-Alpine ZPS50). size walxaha Madyan (d50) waxaa la soo sheegay sida ku dhowaad 25 μm burkii digir ah, iyo ku dhowaad 200 μm burkii jaawida ah, ka hor soocidda hawada. Ugu dambeyntii, hoosaad ka mid ah saamiga kasta, digir iyo jaawida bur, waxaa ka dibna hawada lagu tilmaamay (Hosokawa-Alpine ATP50). feed ayaa si SEPARATOR ku electrostatic ka koobnaa labada noocyada aan la daweyn, iyo sidoo kale dabcan iyo wax soo saarka wanaagsan ka soocidda hawada. [18]
Qalabka wuxuu u soociddiisa electrostatic loo isticmaalo inta lagu jiro tijaabo ahaa nooc saxan isku midka ah, la amraya fuliyay via xukun triboelectric in a 125 mm tube dhererka xukun, la Qurub pneumatically gaadhsiiyey by nitrogen Tifaftirayaasha. Qalabka wuxuu u yahay la mid ah in qaabeynta in qalabka ay isticmaalaan al Wang et (2015). [17] tijaabo-soociddiisa Electrostatic ayaa la kala sameeyey bur dhulka digir iyo bur jaawida, iyo sidoo kale dabcan iyo ganaax jajab oo bur ah digir iyo bur jaawida ka soocidda hawada helay. bur digir The muujiyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa kaliya yar oo borotiin ah inta lagu jiro baaritaanka electrostatic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, bur jaawida ka muujiyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa weyn ee protein oo dhan saddex saami (bur milled - 35% protein, ganaax milled tilmaamay - 45% protein, milled dhab tilmaamay - 29% protein). waxyaabaha Protein-qani ku ah qiyaastii 60% ayaa ka soo kabsaday on koronto ku xeeldheer kasta oo ka mid ah saddex-baarka jaawida baaro. [18]
Case 3 - Fiber-QAADISTA Corn
Cilmi Waaxda Beeraha iyo Engineering Biological, Mississippi State University sameeyaa baaritaanka electrostatic on bur hadhuudh dhulka, iyadoo ujeedada ah fiber ka saareen. Qalabka wuxuu u soociddiisa electrostatic koobnaa suunka conveyor leh koronto xun kaalinta dhamaadka conveyor ah. The Qurub wanaagsan eedeeyay, Qurub fiber, kiiskan, kor off suunka conveyor iyo soocaa Ayaxaasi labaad. The Qurub non-fiber dhaceen ee suunka conveyor by cuf iyo waxaa lagu shubo galay Ayaxaasi ugu horeysay ee wax soo saarka. Qorayaashu waxay aadan sharaxaad ka bixi sida xukun korantada waa la fuliyay. Qoraalkani wuxuu ku feed in SEPARATOR oo intaasu waxay ahayd xad aan dhab ahayn, iyadoo tirada walxaha waxay masruufaan laga bilaabo 12 mesh (1,532 μm) si ay u 24 mesh (704 μm). Waxa aanu ka muuqan in undersize ah (<704 μm) wax waxaa looga baaraandegi inta lagu guda jiro daraasaddan. xaalad imtixaan kasta ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey isticmaalaya 1 kg ee wax feed kaas oo la isku kala firdhiyey oo dhan suunka. [6]
Jaantuska 5: Soo saari ka Pandya et al, 2013 [6]
The cilmi Mississippi State dhameystirtay imtixaanka soociddiisa electrostatic on bur hadhuudhka ku shubista, hadhuudhkii jajab bur baaray iyo jajab fiber-hodan ka soocidda hawada soo kabsaday. imtixaanka Electrostatic aan la dhamaystiray durdurrada low-fiber ka soocidda hawada soo kabsaday. Falanqaynta of natiijooyinka kala electrostatic waxaa hoos ku:
Miis 3: Natiijooyinka nijaasta fiber ka al Pandya et soo saari, 2013 [6]
Case 4 - Protein Urursanaanta ka Oilseeds
Oilseeds sida rapeseed (canola), gabbaldayaha, sisinta, khardal, jeermiga Landkruusaro-hadhuudhkii, iyo flaxseed guud ahaan ku jira xaddi badan oo borotiin ah iyo fiber labada. Qiimeyntu teknoolajiyada si loo soo saaro fiber ah, oo sidaas la kordhiyo content protein ah, of oilseeds noqon doonaa muhiim dalabka caalamiga ah protein kordhay. [19] shaqada ugu danbeeyay ee ay cilmi-ee machadka dawladda Faransiiska u qaabilsan Beeraha Research baaro axdi qarameedka ultrafine weheliso processing electrostatic bur abuur gabbaldayaha, in ay xooga saarto protein. The baarka cuntada gabbaldayaha feed ayaa dhulka ayaa dhagax wax saameyn hawlgala Heerkulka in size walxaha a (D50) of 69.5 μm. SEPARATOR The electrostatic loo isticmaalo baaritaanka ahaa qalab barbar saxan halkaas oo hab ay xukun hoose ahaa tribo-xukun. The tribo-xukun lagu qaaday kheyraad ee electrodes ee line tribo-ku amraya a, la Qurub gaadhsiiyey marayo line xukun, iyo in electrodes ah, via gaadiidka pneumatic. Protein la ogaaday inay ka qaadaan wanaagsan (ka warbixinta si koronto xun) iyo jajab fiber-hodanka ah waxaa laga helay in ay si xun u dallaci. selectivity Protein waxaa lagu ogaaday in sare. protein Feed ahaa 30.8%, la qiyaaseed protein-hodanka ah sheyga 48.9% iyo borotiinka dhammaaday (fiber-hodan) alaabta lagu qiyaaso oo kaliya 5.1% protein. kabashada Protein ahaa 93% in sheyga wanaagsan. cellulose, hemicelluloses, iyo lignin ayaa qiyaasay oo wuxuu helay in ay soo sheegaan in sheyga xun eedeeyay, soo horjeeda in borotiinka. [20]
Miis 4: Natiijooyinka abuur gabbaldayaha-soociddiisa cuntada soo saari ka Barakat et al, 2015 [20]
In 2016, waxbarasho dheeraad ah ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey isticmaalaya Barandho dhulka rapeseed cuntada abuur saliidda, ama moofo saliid rapeseed (ROC), sida feed si geedi-soociddiisa electrostatic. Mar axdi qarameedka ultrafine Heerkulka waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab dhagax mindi (Retsch SM 100). Qoraalkani wuxuu ku milled, la size a walxaha bartamaha (D50) qiyaastii 90 μm, waxaa baaraandegi adeegsanaya qiyaasta pilot saxan barbar SEPARATOR a (TEP System, Tribo Flow kala). System TEP The isticmaalaan xukun triboelectric by gudbinayeen pneumatic qayb ka dhex line xukun kar ah ku hoos jira xaalad qasan. imtixaanka A pass-soociddiisa oo keli ah System TEP ay keentay in fiirsashada weyn oo protein, la protein feed of a 37%, heer protein sheyga wanaagsan ee lagu eedeeyay 47% iyo heer protein wax soo saarka si xun u eedeeyay of 25%. Marxaladaha-soociddiisa oo dheeraad ah ayaa la sameeyey, ugu dambeyntii soo saara wax soo saarka protein-hodanka ah leh 51% protein ka dib 3 Marxaladaha-soociddiisa oo xiriir ah. [21]
Miis 5: Natiijooyinka rapeseed abuur saliid-soociddiisa oo cuntada ka al Basset et soo saari, 2016 [21]
Dood
Review of suugaanta ku habboon muujinaysaa in cilmi-weyn ayaa lagu sameeyaa si ay u horumariyaan farsamada soociddiisa electrostatic qalabka organic. horumarinta Tani waxa ay sii waday ama xataa la dedejiyey ee la soo dhaafay 10 - 20 sano, iyadoo cilmi badan oo Europe iyo Mareykanka codsanaya farsamooyinka-soociddiisa electrostatic badan oo kala duwan oo ah caqabadaha beneficiation. From cilmi, waxaa muuqata in hababka electrostatic leeyihiin awood u leh in ay curiyaan cusub, wax soo saarka warshadda qiimaha sare, ama badal ah ku qoyso hababka processing.
In kasta oo dhiiri kala ah badar badarka, karsado, iyo qalabka oilseed ayaa lagu soo bandhigay ee shaybaarka iyo in qaar ka mid ah qiyaasta kiisaska pilot, nidaamyada electrostatic loo isticmaalo si ay u muujiyaan natiijada kuwaas oo laga yaabaa in ugu dambeyntii aan u adeegin sida qalabka ugu haboon ama kharash-ool ah processing si ay u qabtaan kala sida ku salaysan ganacsi. Jira nidaamyo electrostatic ganacsiga waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in kala macdanta, Biraha ama balaastigga. Macdanta iyo biraha yihiin labada qalabka xad cufan oo maamuusaan gaar sare, marka la barbar dhigo qalabka dhirta. Xitaa oo maamuusaan sare gaarka ah ee macdanta iyo biraha, xadka size walxaha waxtar u leh oo duudduuban durbaan iyo saxan separators electrostatic isku midka ah waa mid aan dhab ahayn, la Qurub yar ka hooseeya 100 μm tusaale ahaan. Bacyaal waxaa ka mid ah cufnaanta ka hooseeya labada macdanta iyo birta, laakiin waxaa inta badan la warshadeeyey ee tirada walxaha qalafsan, jajabi oo sida caag ah tusaale ahaan. The introduction of fine particles creates operational difficulties for both high-tension roll and parallel plate separators. Fine, Qurub low-cufnaanta yihiin kuwo aad u xasaasi u ah hadda hawada, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo macdanta iyo biraha. kala duwan yaryar ee hadda hawada gudaha qalab kala saamayn waddada safarka ka mid ah qurubyada ganaax ah, iyaga hoosaysiiyo ciidamada kale ee ka badan kuwa uu keeno duurka ku electrostatic.
Waayo, inta badan nidaamka SEPARATOR saxan isku midka ah, Qurub dhulka iyo low-cufnaanta jar in ay yihiin electrostatically eedeeyay waxaa lagu soo ururiyey oo ku saabsan electrodes oo ka mid ah separators saxan isku midka ah. Hadday Yihiin kuwaasu Qurub ganaax koronto ku lifaaqan aan la saaro on sal joogto ah, xoog beerta korontada iyo hufnaanta xaqiro qalabka. shaqada ee cilmi at The Hab-Cuntada Engineering Group Wageningen UR (Wang et al, 2015) faa'ideystay this ifafaale si aad sambalka off dusha sare oo ka mid ah electrodes of saxan SEPARATOR ka midka ah si ay u falanqeeyaan wax soo saarka ee kala. nidaamyada SEPARATOR saxan isku midka ah, gaar ahaan kuwa ku tiirsan dul cuf si uu u gudbiyo qayb berrin korontada, ayaa isku dayday in ay wax ka qabtaan dhibaatadan siyaabo dhowr ah. Stone et al (1988) ku tilmaamay habka a kaas oo qayb ka wanaagsan ayaa laga saaray kheyraad ee SEPARATOR ku electrostatic by elutriation hawada. [10] Qaar kale ayaa sheegay dayactirka durdur laminar hawada dal ee guud ahaan electrodes si looga hortago in qurubyada ganaax ka ah la saameeyay hadda hawada. [22Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ilaalinta hawada laminar ay noqonaysaa mid adag sida qalab kala siyaado, wax ku ool ah la yareeyo awoodda processing qalabka sida ee. Ugu dambayntii size walxaha ku jira kuwaas oo ka kooban jir ahaan oo kala duwan ka kale (la joogo sida Qurub Discrete), noqon doonaa darawalka ugu weyn ee go'aaminta size walxaha at kaas oo processing waa in uu dhacaa.
Sida hore u soo sheegnay, qalabka-soociddiisa electrostatic caadiga ah waxaa ku koobnayn in awoodda processing, especially with low-density and finely ground powders such as plant materials. For high-tension drum and belt separation devices, the effectiveness is limited to particles that are relatively coarse and/or have high specific gravity, ay sabab u tahay baahida loo qabo oo dhan qayb ka tahay inaad la xiriirto dusha sare ee durbaanka. Sida qayb ka noqdaan ka yar heerka processing waa la dhimay. separators saxan isku midka ah u sii xadiday cufnaanta walxaha in loo samayn karo aaga koronto ah. loading walxaha waa in uu ahaadaa yar si looga hortago saamaynta lacag meel.
ST Qalabka & Technology Belt SEPARATOR
ST Qalabka & technology (STET) SEPARATOR suunka triboelectrostatic ayaa awood u leh soo bandhigay si loo farsameeyo Qurub ganaax ka 500 - 1 μm. SEPARATOR STET waa SEPARATOR electrostatic saxan isku midka ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, taarikada koronto waxaa horizontal janjeedha sida soo horjeeda vertical sida uu yahay kiis ee ugu separators saxan isku midka ah. (Eeg Jaantuska 6) Intaas waxaa sii dheer, SEPARATOR STET ku kasta tribo-ku amraya walxaha iyo gaarsiinta mar by-xawaaraha sare mesh furan suunka conveyor a. Habkaani wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa labada heerka processing aad u dheer gaarka ah ee feed, iyo sidoo kale awood u leh inuu ka arrinsashada budo badan qaadhaan badan qalabka electrostatic caadiga ah. Noocan ah qalab-soociddiisa ayaa hawlgal ganacsi tan iyo markii 1995 kala carbon unburned ka macdanta ash dhoobnayd (D50 caadiga ah qiyaastii 20 μm) in dhirta tamarta dhuxusha rasaas-. Tani qalab-soociddiisa electrostatic ayaa sidoo kale guul at beneficiating qalabka kale ee ka imanba, oo ay ku jiraan macdano sida carbonate calcium, rusheyn kartaa, barite, iyo kuwa kale.
Faahfaahinta asaasiga ah ee SEPARATOR STET waxaa lagu muujiyey Jaantuska 7. qayb ka ah waxaa lagu dalacayaa by saamaynta triboelectric iyada oo shilalka walxaha-to-walxaha gudahood farqiga u dhexeeya elektaroodhada. danab ayaa codsatay dhexeeya electrodes waxaa inoo dhexeeya ± 4 iyo ± 10 kV qaraabo dhulka ku, siinaya wadarta farqiga danab of a 8 - 20 kV guud ahaan farqiga koronto oo aad u dhuuban oo ah magac 1.5 cm (0.6 inches). Qurub Feed waxaa soo bandhigay in SEPARATOR ku STET mid ka mid ah saddex goobood (Dekedaha feed) via nidaamka qaybiyaha slide hawada la filtarka iridda mindi. SEPARATOR STET waxay soo saartaa waxyaabaha kaliya labo, durdur walxaha xun eedeeyay ururiyey on koronto ku wanaagsan eedeeyay, iyo durdur walxaha wanaagsan eedeeyay ururiyey on koronto xun eedeeyay. waxyaabaha waxaa ugu Waxyoonay ku ayaxaasi kala dhamaadka kasta oo SEPARATOR STET by suunka SEPARATOR ah iyo gaadhsiiyey baxay SEPARATOR ah by cuf. SEPARATOR STET ma soo saari middlings ama durdur recycle, inkastoo gaadmada ah pass badan si loo hagaajiyo khayroon wax soo saarka iyo / ama dib u soo kabashada waa u suurtoobaan.
Jaantuska 6: STET Triboelectric Belt SEPARATOR
Qurub waxaa gaadhsiiyey marayo farqiga koronto ah (zone-soociddiisa) by loop a joogto ah, suunka mesh furan. suun ku shaqeysaa xawaaraha sare, variable ka 4 si ay u 20 m / s (13 - 65 ft / s). joomateri ee suunka u adeegta si ay xaaqin Qurub ganaax off dusha sare ee electrodes ah, ka hortagga raasamaal qayb ka wanaagsan in xaqiro beerta waxqabadka iyo danab aaladaha-soociddiisa nooca free-dayrta saxan dhaqanka isku midka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, suunka abuuraa sheer sare, zone qas sare u dhexeeya labada electrodes, kor u qaadida tribo-xukun. safarka ayaa counter-hadda suunka SEPARATOR ah u oggolaanaysa in xukun joogto ah iyo dib-u-xukun ama qayb gudahood SEPARATOR ah, baabi'inta baahida loo qabo in nidaam pre-ku amraya kheyraad ee SEPARATOR STET ah.
Jaantuska 7: Fundamentals of hawlgalka STET Belt SEPARATOR
SEPARATOR STET waa heerka a feed sare, nidaamka processing ganacsi la xaqiijiyay. Awoodda processing ugu badan ee SEPARATOR STET ah inta badan waa shaqo ah heerka volumetric feed in la gaadhsiiyey karaa farqiga koronto ah by suunka SEPARATOR STET. doorsoomayaasha kale, sida xawaaraha ah ee suunka, masaafada u dhaxaysa electrodes iyo cufnaanta aerated ee budada ah saameyn heerka feed ugu badnaan, sida caadiga ah ilaa xad ka yar. Waayo xad qalabka-cufnaanta sare, tusaale ahaan, duuli ash, heerka processing ugu badan ee a 42 inch (106 cm) width koronto unit-soociddiisa oo ganacsi si qallafsan waa 40 - 45 Metrik saacadiiba of feed. Waayo, qalabka feed yar oo cufan, heerka feed ugu badnaan waa hoose.
Miis 6: Heerka qiyaas feed ugu badan ee qalabka kala duwan baaraandegi la STET 42 inch SEPARATOR electrostatic.
Qaraxyo ciid nahay khatar weyn ka hadhuudh iyo hawlaha kale ee processing budada organic. SEPARATOR STET waa ku haboon ka baaraandegidda budo organic guban kara kaliya beddelka yar. Ma jiraan meelaha kulul ee SEPARATOR STET ah. The qeybo ka mid kaliya dhaqaaqin waa suunka iyo drive ka rollers SEPARATOR. saa'idka isaguu ku yaalaan meel ka baxsan durdur budada on qolof dibadda ee unugga. Sidaa darteed iyagu ma ay yihiin khatar ah kulayl / dhalisay in webigu ku wax. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, ka fikirtaan SEPARATOR STET waxaa laga heli karaa la warshad lagu rakibay awood cabbirka heerkulka si loo ogaado sita failure sidoo kale ka hor inta heerkulka khatar sare loo gaadho. suunka SEPARATOR iyo nidaamka drive khatar ma ka badan mishiino kale qoqobada caadiga ah. Qaybaha danab sare SEPARATOR STET waxaa sidoo kale ku yaal meel ka baxsan webigu ku qalab iyo ku jira iaydoo Carro-dhagan. tamarta ugu badan ee dhimbiil guud ahaan farqiga SEPARATOR ku kooban by design ka mid ah qaybaha sare danab. heerka dheeraad ah oo ammaanka lagu soo bandhigay karaa via safeeyey nitrogen.
Dhan Processing burka by STET SEPARATOR
burka oo dhan waxaa laga shiidi hadhuudhka oo dhan oo sarreen ah (bran, jeermiga, iyo endosperm). ganacsi ah la heli karo, kabadhka dushiisa, burka oo dhan lagu iibsaday ay u isticmaalaan sidii qalab imtixaan si ay u qiimeeyaan awoodda SEPARATOR ku STET in meesha laga saaro bran ah buunshada iyo jeermiska ka jajabka endosperm adag oo bur ah. muunad burka oo dhan falanqeeyay STET kahor bilaabidda imtixaanka. content Ash waxa la baadhay by Standard ICC 104 / 1 (900° C). Cabirka ash si isdabajoog ah muunad isku mid ah, ah muunad feed unseparated, qiyaasay 10 jeer, ayaa la ogaaday in ay leeyihiin content ash ah 1.61%, iilasho caadiga ah ee 0.01 iyo weecasho qaraabo caadiga ah ee 0.7%. Falanqaynta size walxaha ayaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey by diffraction laser isticmaalaya Malvern Mastersizer a 3000 iyadoo qalab a kala firidhsan qalalan. Falanqaynta Protein la sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo habka Dumas ah, iyadoo N degdeg Elementary ka badan nitrogen / analyzer protein. factor A diinta ka mid ah N x 6.25 waxaa loo isticmaalay. The guryaha kala duwan ee muunad burka oo dhan ayaa hoos lagu soo koobay. (Eeg Shaxda 7)
Miis 7: Falanqaynta dhan feed burka by STET
content Ash iyo content protein lagu helay in ay aad u noqnoqonaysa markii tijaabiyey in saamiga la mid ah, laakiin kala gedisnaan macno leh loo aqoonsaday dhexeeya bacaha badan oo bur ah oo dhan loo isticmaalaa sida saamiga feed. (Eeg Shaxda 8) Tani tirayn muunad feed keentay in qaar ka mid ah kala firdhiso in xogta imtixaanka.
Miis 8: Falanqaynta of natiijooyinka baaritaanka kala burka oo dhan by STET
imtixaanka soociddiisa Electrostatic tusaalaha burka oo dhan lagu sameeyo Qalab ST ah & technology (STET) xarunta warshad pilot in Needham, Massachusetts. Warshad pilot STET wuxuu ka kooban yahay laba separators STET qiyaasta tijaabo oo ay la socdaan qalab dheeraad isticmaalaa si ay u baaraan-soociddiisa qalabkan oo laga helay ilo musharax. The separators STET pilot baaxad yihiin oo dhererkeedu wuxuu la mid ah sida a SEPARATOR STET ganacsi, at 30 feet (9.1 mitir) dheer, si kastaba ha ahaatee, Warshad pilot SEPARATOR width koronto yahay oo kaliya 6 inches (150 mm), ama hal toddobaad width ee SEPARATOR STET ganacsiga ugu weyn ee 42 inches (1070 mm) width koronto. Awoodda feed of SEPARATOR STET waa si toos ah saamiyeed si ay width ee electrodes ah, Sidaa darteed, Heerka feed of SEPARATOR warshad duuliyaha waa hal toddobaad heerka feed of unit SEPARATOR 42-inch ballaaran oo ganacsi ah. Heerka feed ugu badnaan la bur dhammuna wuxuu ahaa 2.3 Metrik halkii saac qiyaasta pilot, taas oo u dhiganta 16 Metrik saacaddiiba mudo ah 42-inch SEPARATOR ballaaran oo ganacsi. In la barbardhigo baaxadda at kaas oo inta badan oo ka mid ah daraasadaha-soociddiisa electrostatic lagu sameeyay taariikhda, imtixaanka SEPARATOR STET la fuliyay heerka a feed sareeyaa. Baaritaanka waxaa la sameeyaa 10 kg (20 pound) imtixaanada Dufcaddii, ay sabab u tahay tixgelin la taaban karo ee qeybinayay 2.3 Metrik saacadiiba of feed si joogto ah. Waayo, xaalad imtixaanka Dufcaddii kasta, wax soo saarka ee geedi-soociddiisa oo lagu dhex miisaamay si ay u xisaabiso kabashada mass. Subsamples ka imtixaan kasta ayaa la soo ururiyay oo falanqeeyay for content ash iyo content protein.
Jaantuska 8: STET Pilot Plant SEPARATOR.
cabiraada size walxaha ka mid ah bur dhan feed iyo laba baarka wax soo saarka hoos ayaa lagu muujiyey in Jaantuska 9.
Jaantuska 9: cabiraada size walxaha oo bur ah oo dhan feed, iyo labada baarka saarka soocay.
Sawir ka mid ah waxyaabaha isa-soociddiisa soo kabsaday ayaa hoos ka mid ah. (Eeg Jaantuska 10) A wareeg midab dareemi ayaa lagu arkay inta lagu guda jiro kala, oo ash sare jajab saarka content waxku madow badan feed sarreen ah oo dhan muunad burka.
Jaantuska 10: alaabta ka mid ah geedi-soociddiisa STET soo kabsaday.
content Ash ee dhammaan waxyaabaha ka geedi-soociddiisa oo la qiyaasay. (Eeg Jaantuska 11)
Jaantuska 11: content Ash kasoo horjeeddo kabashada mass ee alaabta ash yar yahay imtixaanada-soociddiisa oo dhan burka by STET
Tijaabinta SEPARATOR ku STET electrostatic la bur dhan muujiyeen dhaqdhaqaaqa weyn ee ash sare (bran) jajab ee yaruna sarreen ah in ay koronto wanaagsan. The alaabta ash hoos danbayntiina waxaa la soo ururiyey on koronto xun. Baaritaanka waxaa lagu sameeyaa hal nidaamka baas, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa suurtagal ah si ay u qabtaan casriyeyn dheeraad ah oo ka mid ah waxyaabaha kala by fulinta marxalad kale soociddiisa. imtixaanka Future la SEPARATOR STET lagu qaban doono on baarka buunshaha qamadiga, iyo sidoo kale bur ah oo hadhuudh iyo digiraha sida jaawida.
Gabagabadii
Review of suugaanta ku habboon muujinaysaa in cilmi-weyn ayaa lagu sameeyaa si ay u horumariyaan farsamada soociddiisa electrostatic qalabka organic. horumarinta Tani waxa ay sii waday ama xataa la dedejiyey ee la soo dhaafay 10 - 20 sano, iyadoo cilmi badan oo Europe iyo Mareykanka codsanaya farsamooyinka-soociddiisa electrostatic badan oo kala duwan oo ah caqabadaha beneficiation. From cilmi, waxaa iska cad in hababka electrostatic leeyihiin awood u leh in ay curiyaan cusub, wax soo saarka warshadda qiimaha sare, ama badal ah ku qoyso hababka processing. In kasta oo dhiiri kala sarreen ah, hadhuudh iyo qalabka dhirta jaawida ku salaysan ayaa la soo bandhigay ee shaybaarka iyo mararka qaarkood qiyaasta pilot, nidaamyada electrostatic loo isticmaalo si ay u muujiyaan natiijada laga yaabaa inaysan noqon qalabka ugu haboon ama kharash-ool ah processing si ay u qabtaan kala sida ku salaysan ganacsi. teknoolajiyada badan oo electrostatic ma ku haboon yihiin habka jar dhulka, budo yar cufnaanta sida alaabo geedka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Qalabka ST ah & technology (STET) SEPARATOR suunka triboelectrostatic ayaa awood u leh soo bandhigay si loo farsameeyo Qurub ganaax ka 500 - 1 μm heerar sare. SEPARATOR suunka STET waa heerka sare, industrially xaqiijiyay qalab processing in laga yaabaa in ku haboon ay uga ganacsan horumarinta ee dhawaan ka dhacay wax geedka processing. SEPARATOR suunka STET The waxa la baadhay on sambal oo bur ah oo dhan oo waxaa lagu ogaaday in guulaha ay ka saareen bran ka jajab istaarijka. imtixaanka Future la SEPARATOR STET lagu qaban doono on baarka buunshaha qamadiga, iyo sidoo kale bur ah oo hadhuudh iyo digir sida soy iyo jaawida.
tixraacyada
[1] T. B. Osborne, “Middlings-miira”. United States of America Xaqsiinta 224,719, 17 February 1880.
[2] H. Manouchehri, K. Hanumantha Rao iyo K. Forsberg, “Review of hababka kala go'idda korantada – Part 1: dhinacyo Fundamental,” macdanta & Processing qodniinka-, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 23-36, 2000.
[3] J. Elder iyo E. Yan, “EFORCE – jiilka cusub ee SEPARATOR ku electrostatic ee warshadaha macdanta sands,” Shirka Macdanta culus, Johannesburg, 2003.
[4] R. H. Perry iyo D. W. Green, Perry ayaa Chemical Injineerro’ Handbook Toddobaad Edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
[5] S. Messal, R. Corondan, I. Chetan, R. Ouiddir, K. Medles iyo L. dascalescu, “SEPARATOR Electrostatic for isku micronized biraha iyo bacyaal oo laga keenay korontada qashinka iyo qalabka elektarooniga ah,” Journal of Physics, vol. 646, pp. 1-4, 2015.
[6] T. S. Pandya, R. Srinivasan iyo C. P. Thompson, “Kala Fiber for Ground Corn bur Isticmaalidda Habka Electrostatic ah,”Chemistry Dalagga, vol. 90, no. 6, pp. 535-539, 2013.
[7] L. Brands, P. M. Beier, iyo aniga. Stahl, Kala Electrostatic, Weinheim: Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH & co. KGaA, 2005.
[8] Oo. Hemery, X. Rouau, V. Lullien-Pellerin, C. Barron iyo J. Abecassis, “habka qalalan si ay u horumariyaan jajab sarreen iyo alaabta tayada nafaqada wanaajiyey,” Journal of Science Dalagga, no. 46, pp. 327-347, 2007.
[9] W. A. Brastad iyo E. C. Gear, “Habka iyo nabadgelyada for Kala Electrostatic”. United States of America Xaqsiinta 2,848,108, 19 August 1958.
[10] B. A. Stone iyo J. Minifie, “Recovery of Unugyada Aleurone ka qamadiga Bran”. United States of America Xaqsiinta 4,746,073,24 Laga yaabaa 1988.
[11] A. Bohm iyo A. xoq, “Habka for takooro Aleurone Qurub”. United States of America Xaqsiinta 7,431,228, 7 October 2008.
[12] J. A. Delcour, X. Rouau, C. M. Courtin, K. Poutanen iyo R. Ranieri, “Technologies, waayo, dhiig-miirashada sare ee ku iman kara caafimaadka-kor u qaadida badarka ah,” Isbeddellada Science Cuntada & technology, pp. 1-9, 2012.
[13] L. dascalescu, C. Dragan, M. Bilici, R. beauty, Oo. Hemery iyo X. Rouau, “Aasaaska Electrostatic for Kala of Wheat Bran safaleetiga,” Macaamilada IEEE on Codsiyada Industry, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 659-665, 2010.
[14] Oo. Hemery, X. Rouau, C. Dragan, R. Bilici iyo L. dascalescu, “guryaha Electrostatic ee buunshaha qamadiga iyo layers ay dastuuriga: Influence ee size walxaha, Halabuurka, iyo content qoyaan,” Journal of Engineering Cuntada, no. 93, pp. 114-124, 2009.
[15] Oo. Hemery, M. Curnd, The. Holopainen, A.-M. laambadihii, P. Lehtinen, V. piironen, A. Sadoudi iyo X. Rouau, “La fili karo ee fractionation qalalan ee buunshaha qamadiga ee horumarka ah ee maaddooyinka cuntada, qayb aan: Influence shiididdu aalladda wanaagsan,” Journal of Science Dalagga, no. 53, pp. 1-8, 2011.
[16] Oo. Hemery, The. Holopainen, A.-M. laambadihii, P. Lehtinen, T. cawska, V. piironen, M. Edlemann iyo X. Rouau, “La fili karo ee fractionation qalalan ee buunshaha qamadiga ee horumarka ah ee maaddooyinka cuntada, qayb II: separation Electrostatic of Qurub,” Journal of Science Dalagga, no. 53, pp. 9-18, 2011.
[17] J. Wang, E. Smits, R. M. Boom, iyo M. A. Schutyser, “Arabinoxylans xoogga ka buunshaha qamadiga by-soociddiisa electrostatic,” Journal of Engineering Cuntada, no. 155, pp. 29-36, 2015.
[18] P. J. Pelgrom, J. Wang, R. M. Boom, iyo M. A. Schutyser, “pre- iyo daaweynta post xoojiyo kobcinta protein ka axdi qarameedka iyo hawada dirka digiraha ah,” Journal of Engineering Cuntada, no. 155, pp. 53-61, 2015.
[19] D. Chereau, P. Videcoq, C. Ruffieux, L. Pichon, J.-C. Motte, S. Belaid, J. Ventureira iyo M. Lopez, “Isku darka of teknoolajiyada hadda jira iyo kuwa kale si kor loogu qaado oilseeds iyo digir borotiinada in codsiyada cuntada,” Oilseeds & dufanka dalagyada iyo subaga, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1-11, 2016.
[20] A. Barakat, F. Jerome iyo X. Rouau, “Platform A qalalan for Kala Borotiin ka dabdhaliyayaasha-Hakinta
Polysaccharides, Lignin, iyo polyphenols,” ChemSusChem, vol. 8, pp. 1161-1166, 2015.
[21] C. Basset, S. Kedidi iyo A. Barakat, “Chemical- iyo Ranjiga-Free Mechanophysical Fractionation dabdhaliyayaasha laaluusheen by Tribo-Electrostatic ka faaiidaysta: Kala Borotiin iyo Lignin,” Taladadii ka Chemistry Sustainable & Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 4166-4173, 2016.
[22] J. M. Stencel, J. L. Schaefer, H. Ban, iyo J. K. Neathery, “Qalab iyo Habka loogu talagalay Kala Triboelectrostatic”.United States of America Xaqsiinta 5,938,041, 17 August 1999.
