Yiwuwa na ST Complex Technologies a kan Fly Ash

Tsokaci

ST Boats & Technology LLC (STET) ya kasance aiki kasuwanci gardama ash beneficiation tsarin tun 1995. STET ta electrostatic beneficiation fasahar rage carbon abun ciki na ci gardama ash, samar da wani m, low carbon ash don amfani a matsayin maimakon ciminti. Tashi ash tare da carbon matakan > 25% An yi amfani da su produce ash tare da wani sarrafawa carbon matakin na 2 ± 0.5%. A carbon arziki samfurin da aka lokaci guda samar warke man fetur darajar da carbon.

STET ta sabuwar aikin a Poland wanda ya hada da wata rigar- to-bushe ash tarin hira da wani STET carbon SEPARATOR aka samu nasarar izini a watan Mayu 2010.

1.Ingancin iyakance samuwa kankare sa gardama ash

Na kimanin 70 ton miliyan na gardama ash generated a kowace shekara a US ci-kora ikon shuke-shuke, kawai game da 14 ton miliyan ake amfani da matsayin ciminti canza a kankare samarwa. Mafi yawan wannan ƙaryata gardama ash kasa hadu da sinadaran da jiki bayani dalla-dalla don amfani a kankare. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki na faruwa a Turai. Duk da yake wasu na wannan kashe-ingancin ash ake amfani kamar yadda tsarin cika abu ko ga sauran low-darajar amfani, yawa daga shi ne kawai zubar cikin landfills ko sharar tafkunan.

An wuce kima adadin unburned carbon a gardama ash ne ya fi kowa matsala. Amirka Ƙungiyar Gwamnatin Babbar Hanya kuma Transport Jami'ai (Aas ः zuwa) da kuma Turai Standards (EN 450 category A) bukatar da cewa adadin unburned carbon a gardama ash, auna da asara a kan ƙonewa (DOKA) ba su wuce 5% da nauyi. Duk da haka, fara a tsakiyar shekarar 1990, ta, shigarwa na aiwatar da kudurin NOx iko kayan aiki a ci-kora ikon shuke-shuke karu da carbon (DOKA) abun ciki na yawa na baya marketable gardama ash. Bugu da ari bukatun don rage NOx da sauran ikon shuka watsi sun sa a samu na gardama ash tare da ammonia. A matsayin sakamako, yayin da fahimtar amfanin yin amfani da gardama ash a kankare ta ci gaba da kara, samuwar dace ingancin gardama ash aka ragewa. Matakai don tattalin arziki beneficiate kashe-ingancin gardama ash haka ne ma na kara sha'awa da iko da kankare masana'antu. Rabuwa Technologies ya fara, irin matakai duka biyu carbon da kuma ammonia kau daga gardama ash.

2.ST kayan aiki & FASAHA LLC Technology Overview

2.1. Tashi Ash Carbon Rabuwa

A STET carbon SEPARATOR (Figure 1), abu ne ciyar a cikin bakin ciki rata tsakanin biyu a layi daya planar wayoyin. A barbashi an triboelectrically cajin da interparticle lamba. A gaskiya ma cajin carbon da barnatar da cajin ma'adinai suna janyo hankalin zuwa gaban wayoyin. A barbashi an sa'an nan share up da a ci gaba da dabba ba a kanta bel da kuma isar da a gaban kwatance. A bel motsa barbashi m zuwa kowane lantarki wajen m iyakar da SEPARATOR. A high bel gudun ma sa sosai high throughputs, har zuwa 40 ton a kowace awa a kan wani guda SEPARATOR. The kananan rata, high ƙarfin lantarki filin, alubalantar halin yanzu kwarara, ƙwazo barbashi-barbashi agitation da kuma kai-tsaftacewa mataki na bel a kan wayoyin ne m fasali na STET SEPARATOR. By iko daban-daban aiwatar sigogi, kamar bel gudun, feed nufi, da abinci kudi, da STET aiwatar samar low Loi gardama ash a carbon abinda ke ciki na kasa da 3.5% daga abinci gardama toka jere a Loi daga 5% to kan 25%.

Ɓaure. 1. ST SEPARATOR

A SEPARATOR zane ne in mun gwada da sauki kuma m. A na'ura tsara don aiwatar 40 ton a kowace awa ne kamar 9 m (30 ft.) dogon, 1.5 m (5 ft.) m, da kuma 2.75 m (9 ft.) high. A bel da Associated rollers ne kawai motsi sassa. A wayoyin ne na kullum da kuma hada da wani kasafi m roba abu. A bel da aka sanya na roba. A SEPARATOR ta ikon amfani ne da ke ƙasa 1 kilowatt-hour da tonne da kayan sarrafa shi da mafi yawan ikon cinye ta biyu Motors tuki da bel.

A tsari ne gaba ɗaya bushe, bukatar wani ƙarin kayan wanin gardama ash da kuma samar da wani sharar gida da ruwa ko iska watsi. A gano kayan kunshi gardama ash rage a carbon abun ciki zuwa matakan dace da amfani a matsayin pozzolanic admixture a kankare, da kuma wani babban carbon sulusi da murabba'i amfani kamar man fetur. Yin amfani da biyu samfurin kõguna na samar da wani 100% warware tashi ash dashi matsaloli.

2.2. Gano man fetur da darajar high-carbon gardama ash

Bugu da kari ga low carbon samfurin, alama mai suna ProAsh® , don amfani a kankare, da STET rabuwa aiwatar ma Recovers in ba haka ba halakarda unburned carbon a cikin nau'i na carbon-arziki gardama ash, akayi EcoTherm™ . EcoTherm™ yana da muhimmanci man fetur darajar da za a iya mayar da su zuwa da wutar lantarki na shuka amfani da STET EcoTherm™ Koma tsarin don rage kwal amfani a shuka. lokacin da EcoTherm™ An ƙone a cikin tukunyar jirgi mai amfani, makamashi daga konewa da aka tuba zuwa high matsa lamba / high zazzabi tururi, sa'an nan kuma su da wutar lantarki a wannan ingancinsu kamar yadda kwal, yawanci 35%. A hira da gano thermal makamashi da wutar lantarki a STETs 'EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin ne biyu zuwa uku sau fi da cewa da m fasahar inda makamashi da aka gano a matsayin low-sa kadan a cikin nau'i na zafi ruwa wanda aka kẽwayãwa zuwa tukunyar jirgi feed ruwa tsarin. EcoTherm™ kuma an yi amfani da matsayin tushen alumina a ciminti kilns, wuce da mafi tsada haƙar wanda mafi yawa ana hawa mai nisa. Amfani da high carbon EcoTherm™ ash ko dai a wani ikon shuka ko wani ciminti kiln, maximizes da makamashi dawo daga tsĩrar da kwal, rage bukatar Nãwa kuma safarar ƙarin man fetur zuwa wuraren.

Ɓaure. 2. EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin

STET ta Constellation Power Source Generation Brandon gaba, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, kuma RWEnpower Aberthaw shuke-shuke, duk sun hada da EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin (Figure 2). Da sabuwar shigarwa na wani STET carbon SEPARATOR a Poland zai kuma hada da wani EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin. A muhimmanci aka gyara daga cikin tsarin aka gabatar a Figure 2. EcoTherm™ An isar da bushe zuwa tace mai karɓar kan ci belts. Don hana dusting game da 7-10 wt% ruwa da aka kara wa

EcoTherm™ a wani babban gudun fil mahautsini kafin faduwa uwa da kwal a kan bel a matsayin ci aka hukunta zuwa Mills.

2.3. ST ammonia kau tsari

Ikon shuke-shuke suna da kara yin amfani da ammonia allura don magance NOx da SO3 watsi. NOx a flue iskar gas an rage ta dauki tare da ammonia a karkashin wani yanayi ta hanyar zababben catalytic (SCR) ko zababben Non-catalytic (SNCR) tsarin. Duk da yake ammonia ne cinyewa a cikin wadannan matakai, wasu da wuce haddi ammonia ake bukata domin ta dace iko da NOx. Duk wani saura ammonia adibas a kan gardama ash a hankula sanyi-gefen electrostatic precipitator ash tarin tsarin. Don rage particulate ko SO3 aerosol watsi, ammonia ne allura a cikin flue iskar gas kawai kafin a precipitators sakamakon ammonium sulfates depositing a kan gardama ash. Duk da yake ammoniated ash ba detrimental zuwa kankare yi, lokacin da ammoniated ash da ya garwaya da alkaline ciminti a samar da kankare, da ammonia ne volatilized yiwuwar guje ma'aikata.

Don cire ammonia a matsayin gas daga gardama ash, da ST aiwatar utilizes guda muhimman hakkokin sinadaran dauki cewa results a ammonia saki a kankare. Liberation of ammonia daga gardama ash bukatar cewa ammonium ion – kwayoyin ammonia ma'auni a canja a cikin ni'imar ammonia ta gaban Alkali. Tashi toka da ta halitta high alkalinity bukatar wani ƙarin Alkali. Ga kasa alkaline toka, wani karfi Alkali za su bauta. A mafi arha tushen Alkali ne lemun tsami (Cao). A dauki ammonium salts da lemun tsami fede ammonia ne karfi da falala a kansu da sinadaran ma'auni. A sinadaran dauki auku hanzari da zarar da mahadi ake narkar.

Ɓaure. 3: STET ammonia Cire System

A Schematic zane na ST ammonia kau tsari ne da aka nuna a Figure 3. Ash, ruwa da lemun tsami a sarrafawa rabbai an metered zuwa mahautsini. Don tabbatar da m hadawa da kuma uniform watsawa na kara ruwa da Alkali, wani babban tsanani mahautsini da ake amfani da. A low tsanani na'urar kamar wani pug niƙa aka yi amfani da matsayin na biyu mahautsini don samar da kyau iska lamba don izinin kai na ammonia daga girma na ash. Tun lokacin da danshi abun ciki na ash ne sosai low, da kayan gudana ta hanyar wannan mahautsini a matsayin mai matuƙar agitated bushe foda. Ammonia gas tattara a duka biyu da high da kuma

low gudun mixers an sake yin fa'ida ga sa naúrar flue.

A deammoniated ash ya bushe da isar da kayan ta flash drier cire wuce haddi ruwa. Karshe ash yanayin zafi na kimanin 65ºC (150daF) ne isasshen don a samar da gaba daya free- gudãna bushe samfurin.

A tsari recovers 100% na gardama ash bi da kuma sakamakonsa na ash hadu da dukan bayani dalla-dalla don amfani a kankare. STET ta ammonia kau tsari za a iya amfani da shi kadai ko kuma a hade tare da kamfanin ta carbon rabuwa fasahar. Wannan ire m offers da mafi ƙasƙanci kudin bayani ga zalunta in ba haka ba unusable gardama ash.

Wannan kasuwanci sikelin aiki zai iya rike har zuwa

47 ton da sa'a guda daga gurbata ash, rage ammonia abun ciki zuwa kasa 75 MG / kg. Full-sikelin STET ammonia kau tsarin da ake yanzu aiki a Jacksonville Electric Authority SJRPP, TEC Big Bend, kuma RWE npower Aberthaw ash aiki da wuraren.

3. STET Ash sarrafa wuraren

Sarrafawa low Loi gardama ash aka samar da STET ta fasaha a goma sha ikon tashoshin ko'ina cikin Amurka, Canada, da U.K., Poland da kuma Korea. The sarrafa gardama ash aka kasuwanci a karkashin ProAsh® alama cikin wadannan kasuwar yankunan. ProAsh® tashi ash an yarda da amfani da ta kan ashirin jihar karauka hukumomi, kazalika da yawa wasu jaddadawa hukumomin. ProAsh® An kuma an bokan karkashin Canadian Standards Association da EN 450:2005 ingancin nagartacce a Turai. STET ash aiki da wuraren an jera a cikin Table 1.

a 2008, STET izini da most US tashi ash beneficiation makaman a Tampa Electric Company Big Bend Station a Florida. Biyu STET separators suna shigar, don samar da low Loi ProAsh® . A farko-na-ta-iri uku SEPARATOR ake amfani da su kara mayar da hankali da carbon kara da man fetur darajar da EcoTherm™ da kuma kara da adadin ProAsh® gano. The Big Bend Ginin, wanda ya fitar 260,000 ton a kowace shekara na ProAsh®, ya hada da wani 25,000 ton Dome ga feed ash, wani 10,000 ton silo ga ProAsh® da kuma wani 6,500 ton silo ga EcoTherm™ .

3.1. ZGP Project, Poland

a watan Afrilu 2010 na farko STET SEPARATOR kafuwa a cikin nahiyar Turai da aka samu izini a kan iyakar da hada tururi da kuma ikon shuka na Soda Polska Ciech Sp z o.o. – Janikosoda da Inowrocław shuke-shuke a Poland. Wannan ash aiki da makaman, ɓullo da a hade tare da STET, An mallakar da kuma sarrafa ta ZGP Sp. o.o., da kuma wani hadin gwiwa kamfanin na Lafarge SA, Poland da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland Soda Ciech Sp. daga

o.o.A ikon shuke-shuke nuna game da 180,000 ton a kowace shekara gardama ash wanda aka hawa rigar to lagoons 2 km tafi.

Da makaman da aka gina a iyakar ikon shuka. The aikin hada da hira da rigar ash tarin da kuma sufuri tsarin for biyar

boilers zuwa bushe ash m lokaci tarin tsarin, wani STET SEPARATOR, ajiya silos ga feed ash, da ProAsh® da EcoTherm™ kayayyakin, da kuma wani EcoTherm™ Koma System mayar da EcoTherm™ zuwa boilers warke man fetur darajar, kazalika da karin gine-gine, compressors da sabon hanyoyi. Saboda feed ash ne ma za a sarrafa daga nan kusa Inowrocław- Cuttlefish ikon shuka mallakar Polish Soda Ciech Sp. o.o., tanadi aka yi ga Ana saukewa feed ash hauled da makaman a pneumatic jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur manyan motoci. A tsari kwarara zane ga ash beneficiation makaman da aka nuna a Figure 4 da kuma janar makaman layout a Figure 5. A low Loi ProAsh® da aka samar a EN450:2005 matsayin da ake amfani a kusa da sumunti shuka mallakar Lafarge don samar tashi ash ciminti. A 30,000 ton bushe ash silo aka gina a cikin gabatarwa na ciminti shuka, don adana ash a lokacin hunturu kakar.

Ɓaure. 4. ZGP Tsari zane

Ɓaure. 6. ZGP ST tashi ash beneficiation shuka

3.2 Design Tushen

Ash girma da za a sarrafa a shekara: 180,000 T

EcoTherm™ combusted da ikon shuka 24,000 ton / shekara, da sauran ƙarfi da za a yi amfani da

1.Disassembly na rigar kai tsarin

2.Bayarwa da kuma jama'ar da sabon m lokaci isar tsarin

3.Bayarwa da taro na compressors

4.Construction na ash rabuwa da makaman silos: Ciyar da Ash silo 1,200T

ProAsh® 1,000T EcoTherm ™1,000T

5.Gina titunan da kuma site kayayyakin Facility fara-up a watan Mayu 2010

Aikin da aka aiwatar a cikin shirya kasafin kudin da a kan jadawalin.

3.3Performance na makaman a 2011

Bisa ga m aiki kwarewa samu a lokacin farko-up ayyukan, da kuma a kan 2010 yi, da makaman management yanke shawarar aiwatar da ƙarin ash daga sauran ikon shuke-shuke, tare da hakan carbon abun ciki a cikin gardama ash fiye da m bisa ga EN 450 misali.

A Loi a tsĩrar ash ya daga 8 to 20%. A cikin haske na sama, ash girma sarrafa ta ZGP makaman ya karu a 2011 to 220,000 ton.

Loi for gardama ash, ProAsh® kuma EcoTherm™ a 2011

4. TAKAITACCEN

A kammala gardama ash aiki da makaman, dangane da fasahar tsĩrar da Rabuwa Technologies LLC gaba daya shafe ta da bukatar adana tashi ash a MAtwy da Janikowo ikon shuke-shuke.

A sharar gida gardama ash cewa ya sa muhalli da lalacewar for shekaru da aka adana a waje gabatarwa a wata sosai high kudin ya zama wani marketable samfurin kira ProAsh® da kuma yanzu dukansa amfani da ciminti masana'antu, conforming ga EN-450 misali.

EcoTherm™ yanzu amfani da man fetur ta da ikon shuka da kuma ciminti shuka, rage adadin ci kone da wadanda shuke-shuke da haka ne kara yadda ya dace da boilers.

The aikin hadu biyu da kudi da kuma muhalli da manufofin. Da makaman nuna wani babban ash aiki iyawa, cikin sharuddan ingancin, yawa da kuma aiki da fasaha, da kuma tabbatar da m.

Maximizing da yin amfani da gardama ash a matsayin ciminti canza a kankare samar ma rage carbon dioxide watsi hade tare da yi aiki. Domin kauce wa asarar wannan muhimmanci da hanya da kayan for kankare samar kazalika da rage kore gidan gas watsi hade tare da kankare yi, matakai domin maido da ingancin da gardama ash a wani tattalin arziki da kuma tsabtace muhalli mai yiwuwa hanyar da ake bukata.

A beneficiation na gardama ash tare da Rabuwa Technologies 'matakai kara qara samar da wannan muhimmin abu. A ST beneficiation matakai ci gaba da zama mafi baje amfani da hanyoyin hažaka in ba haka ba unusable gardama ash zuwa high darajar kayan for ciminti maye a kankare. 19 STET carbon separators ne a wurin da a kan 100 inji-shekara na aiki.

ProAsh® ya samu m yarda a kankare masana'antu a matsayin wani premium gardama ash bukata nisa kasa saka idanu na iska entrainment bukatun saboda kasa Loi canzawa fiye da sauran toka.

Dawo da high-carbon tattara daga STET aiwatar da tukunyar jirgi a ikon shuka damar dawo da na gano carbon man fetur darajar a yadda ya dace kama kwal.

STET yayi wani hadadden na tattalin arziki m fasahohi don samun ash na inganta ingancin cewa zai in ba haka ba za a landfilled. Technologies na electrostatic carbon rabuwa, Ecotherm™ komawa zuwa tukunyar jirgi, da kuma ammonia kau samar da wani ire bayani daga matsalolin da suka shafi tashi ash yin amfani da batun kare muhalli a fannin wutar lantarki. Wadannan uku fasahar za a iya aiwatar a bulan, ko

Table. STET Commercial Ayyuka

kamar yadda guda aikin. A takaice dai Table data a kan sakamakon aiwatar da kasuwanci aiki na STET ci ash beneficiation shigarwa an gabatar.