Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation na Landfilled Fly Ash WOCA 2015

Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation na

Land Cika Fly Ash

L. Baker, A. Gupta, da S. Gasiorowski

ST Boats & Technologies LLC, 101 Hampton Avenue, Needham MA 02494 USA

taro: 2015 Duniya na Coal Ash - (www.worldofcoalash.org)

keywords: Triboelectrostatic, Beneficiation, Fly Ash, Landfilled, bushe, rabuwa, carbon

Tsokaci

Triboelectrostatic rabuwa an yi amfani da kasuwanci beneficiation na ci konewa gardama ash, don samar da wani low carbon samfurin don amfani a matsayin ciminti maye a kankare domin kusan shekaru ashirin da. tare da 18 separators a 12 ci-kora ikon shuke-shuke a fadin duniya, ST Boats & Technology LLC ta (STET) jadadda mallaka electrostatic SEPARATOR an yi amfani da su nuna a kan 15 Ton miliyan na low carbon samfurin.

don kwanan wata, kasuwanci beneficiation na gardama ash an yi musamman kan bushe "gudu daga station‿ ash. Recent muhalli dokokin Ya halitta, a wasu kasuwanni, bukatar samar beneficiated ash a sau na low ash ƙarni. wannan, guda biyu tare da wata bukata, a wasu wurare don komai tarihi ash landfill sites, Ya halitta da bukatar samar da wani tsari don beneficiate tarihi landfilled ash.

Previous karatu sun nuna cewa daukan hotuna na gardama ash ga laima, kuma m bushewa musababin da triboelectrostatic caji inji, tare da carbon da kuma ma'adinai barbashi caji a gaban polarity zuwa cewa gogaggen da gudu daga tashar ash. Nazarin da aka yi da mawallafa domin sanin sakamako danshi daukan hotuna a kan rabuwa yadda ya dace da dama toka cewa an kwace daga landfills da bushe. Jami'in sokewa da aka samu wadannan bushewa, amma overall rabuwa yadda ya dace da aka samu daidai da wannan samu tare da sabo gudu daga tashar ash.

A sakamakon bushe ash ciyar da dangi zafi a kan triboelectrostatic rabuwa yadda ya dace da aka yi nazari, da kuma ji na ƙwarai da aka ƙwarai rage idan aka kwatanta da cewa gogaggen da gudu daga tashar ash, ragewan overall aiwatar halin kaka.

GABATARWA

A American Coal Ash Association (ACAA) sifiyo, game da samar da da kuma yin amfani da kwal gardama ash rahoton cewa tsakanin 1966 da kuma 2011, a kan 2.3 biliyan short ton na gardama ash an samar da kwal-kori mai amfani boilers.1 Wannan adadin kimanin 625 ton miliyan an beneficially amfani, mafi yawa na siminti da kuma kankare samarwa. Duk da haka, sauran 1.7+ ya kai tan biliyan ana da farko samu a landfills ko cika ponded

impoundments. Duk da yake yin amfani rates for freshly generated gardama ash sun karu da yawa a kan 'yan shekarun nan, tare da na yanzu rates kusa 45%, kamar 40 ton miliyan na gardama ash ci gaba da za a zubar da shekara. Duk da yake yin amfani rates a Turai sun kasance ya fi yadda a Amurka, babba kundin na gardama ash sun kuma an adana a landfills da impoundments a wasu kasashen Turai.

kwanan nan, sha'awa cikin murmurewa wannan kamanta abu ya karu, partially saboda da bukatar high quality-gardama ash ga kankare da siminti samarwa a lokacin wani lokaci na rage samar da kwal-kora ikon tsara ya rage a Turai da kuma Arewacin Amirka. Damuwa game da dogon lokacin da muhalli tasiri na wannan landfills ma hakan ya sa utilities sami m amfani da aikace-aikace da wannan adana ash.

Land cika Ash inganci da ake bukata BENEFICIATION

Duk da yake wasu na wannan adana gardama ash iya zama dace da m amfani kamar yadda da farko excavated, mafiya yawa za su bukaci wasu aiki saduwa ingancin nagartacce for ciminti ko kankare samarwa. Tun da kayan da aka yawanci wetted taimaka handling da compaction yayin guje wa Airborne ƙura ƙarni, bushewa zai yiwuwa ya zama kadan ake bukata domin amfani a kankare tun kankare kera za su so su ci gaba da yi na batching gardama ash a matsayin bushe foda. Duk da haka, tabbatar da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na ash hadu da bayani dalla-dalla, galibi da carbon ciki auna matsayin hasara-on-ƙonewa (DOKA), ne mafi kalubale. Kamar yadda gardama ash yin amfani ya karu a karshe 20+ shekaru, mafi "a-spec‿ ash an beneficially amfani, da kuma kashe-ingancin ash zubar. Kamar wancan, Loi raguwa zai zama wani da ake bukata domin amfani da mafi yawan gardama ash recoverable daga mai amfani impoundments.

Loi rage BY TRIBOELECTRIC rabuwa

Duk da yake daban-daban ma'aikatan sun yi amfani da konewa dabaru da kuma flotation matakai domin Loi akan rage gano landfilled da ponded gardama ash, ST Boats & Technologies (STET) ya gano cewa, da misali aiki tsarin, dogon amfani ga beneficiation na freshly generated gardama ash, ne daidai da tasiri a kan gano ash bayan dace bushewa da kuma deagglomeration a ƙananan overall aiki halin kaka.

A lokacin gangara-up to kasuwanci aikace-aikace na STET aiki tsarin for gardama ash, STET masu bincike gwada rabuwar bushe landfilled ash. Wannan gano ash rabu sosai kamar wancan zuwa freshly generated ash tare da daya m bambanci: barbashi caji da aka juyawa daga abin da na sabo ne ash tare da carbon caji korau dangane da ma'adinai.2 Sauran masu bincike na electrostatic rabuwa da gardama ash carbon sun kuma kiyaye wannan abun.3,4,5

Technology Overview - gardama ash carbon rabuwa

A STET carbon SEPARATOR (Figure 1), abu ne ciyar a cikin bakin ciki rata tsakanin biyu a layi daya planar wayoyin. A barbashi an triboelectrically cajin da interparticle lamba. A gaskiya ma cajin carbon da barnatar da cajin ma'adinai (a freshly generated ash cewa ba a wetted da bushe) suna janyo hankalin zuwa gaban wayoyin. A barbashi an sa'an nan share up da a ci gaba da dabba ba a kanta bel da kuma isar da a gaban kwatance. A bel motsa barbashi m zuwa kowane lantarki wajen m iyakar da SEPARATOR. A high bel gudun ma sa sosai high throughputs, har zuwa 36 ton a kowace awa a kan wani guda SEPARATOR. The kananan rata, high ƙarfin lantarki filin, alubalantar halin yanzu kwarara, ƙwazo barbashi-barbashi agitation da kuma kai-tsaftacewa mataki na bel a kan wayoyin ne m fasali na STET SEPARATOR. By iko daban-daban aiwatar sigogi, kamar bel gudun, feed nufi, da abinci kudi, da STET aiwatar samar low Loi gardama ash a carbon abinda ke ciki na kasa da 1.5 to 4.5% daga abinci gardama toka jere a Loi daga 4% to kan 25%.

Ɓaure. 1 STET SEPARATOR

A SEPARATOR zane ne in mun gwada da sauki kuma m. A na'ura tsara don aiwatar 36 ton a kowace awa ne kamar 9 m (30 ft.) dogon, 1.5 m (5 ft.) m, da kuma 2.75 m (9 ft.) high. A bel da Associated rollers ne kawai motsi sassa. A wayoyin ne na kullum da kuma hada da wani kasafi m kaya. A bel da aka sanya na ba- conductive roba. A SEPARATOR ta ikon amfani ne game da 1 kilowatt-hour da tonne da kayan sarrafa shi da mafi yawan ikon cinye ta biyu Motors tuki da bel.

A tsari ne gaba ɗaya bushe, bukatar wani ƙarin kayan wanin gardama ash da kuma samar da wani sharar gida da ruwa ko iska watsi. A gano kayan kunshi gardama ash rage a carbon abun ciki zuwa matakan dace da amfani a matsayin pozzolanic admixture a

kankare, da kuma wani babban carbon sulusi da murabba'i amfani kamar man fetur. Yin amfani da biyu samfurin kõguna na samar da wani 100% warware tashi ash dashi matsaloli.

Gano man fetur da Tamanin high-carbon gardama ash

Bugu da kari ga low carbon samfurin don amfani a kankare, alama mai suna ProAsh®, da STET rabuwa aiwatar ma Recovers in ba haka ba halakarda unburned carbon a cikin nau'i na carbon-arziki gardama ash, akayi EcoTherm™. EcoTherm™ yana da muhimmanci man fetur darajar da za a iya mayar da su zuwa da wutar lantarki na shuka amfani da STET EcoTherm™ Koma tsarin don rage kwal amfani a shuka. lokacin da EcoTherm™ An ƙone a cikin tukunyar jirgi mai amfani, makamashi daga konewa da aka tuba zuwa high matsa lamba / high zazzabi tururi, sa'an nan kuma su da wutar lantarki a wannan ingancinsu kamar yadda kwal, yawanci 35%. A hira da gano thermal makamashi da wutar lantarki a ST Boats & Technology LLC EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin ne biyu zuwa uku sau fi da cewa da m fasahar inda makamashi da aka gano a matsayin low-sa kadan a cikin nau'i na zafi ruwa wanda aka kẽwayãwa zuwa tukunyar jirgi feed ruwa tsarin. EcoTherm™ kuma an yi amfani da matsayin tushen alumina a ciminti kilns, wuce da mafi tsada haƙar wanda mafi yawa ana hawa mai nisa. Amfani da high carbon EcoTherm™ ash ko dai a wani ikon shuka ko wani ciminti kiln, maximizes da makamashi dawo daga tsĩrar da kwal, rage bukatar Nãwa kuma safarar ƙarin man fetur zuwa wuraren.

STET ta Raven Power Brandon gaba, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, kuma RWEnpower Aberthaw tashi ash shuke-shuke, duk sun hada da EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin. A muhimmanci aka gyara daga cikin tsarin aka gabatar a Figure 2.

Ɓaure. 2 EcoTherm™ Komawa tsarin

STET Ash PROCESING Facilities

Sarrafawa low Loi gardama ash aka samar da STET ta fasaha a goma sha biyu ikon tashoshin ko'ina cikin Amurka, Canada, da U.K., Poland, da kuma Jamhuriyar Korea. ProAsh® tashi ash an yarda da amfani da ta kan ashirin jihar karauka hukumomi, kazalika da yawa wasu jaddadawa hukumomin. ProAsh® An kuma an bokan karkashin Canadian Standards Association da EN 450:2005 ingancin nagartacce a Turai. Ash aiki da wuraren yin amfani da STET fasahar aka jera a cikin Table 1.

Table 1. STET Commercial Ayyuka

Coal Ash dawo dasu daga ƙasar cika

Biyu kafofin of ash da aka samu daga landfills: samfurin A daga wani iko shuka located in

da United Kingdom da samfurin B: daga Amurka. Dukansu wadannan samfurori kunshi ash daga konewa na bituminous kwal da manyan mai amfani boilers. Saboda da intermingling na littattafai na landfills, babu wani karin bayani yana samuwa a kan takamaiman ci tushen ko konewa yanayi.

The samfurori a matsayin samu ta hanyar STET dauke tsakanin 15% da kuma 20% ruwa kamar yadda shi ne hali na landfilled abu. The samfurori ma dauke da sãɓãwar launukansa yawa na manyan >1/8 inch (~ 3 mm) material. Don shirya samfurori for carbon rabuwa, da manyan tarkace aka cire ta nunawa da kuma samfurori sa'an nan bushe da deagglomerated kafin carbon beneficiation. Hanyoyi daban-daban domin bushewa / deagglomeration ana kimanta domin inganta overall aiwatar. A general aiwatar da kwarara takardar da aka gabatar a Figure 3.

Figure 3: Tsari kwarara takardar

A Properties daga cikin shirye samfurori da aka kyau a cikin kewayon gardama ash samu kai tsaye daga al'ada mai amfani boilers. A mafi dacewa Properties duka biyu da SEPARATOR ciyarwarka da kuma kayayyakin da ake takaita a Table 2 tare da gano samfurin.

carbon rabuwa

Carbon rage gwaji ta amfani da STET triboelectric bel SEPARATOR sa a sosai kyau dawo da low Loi samfurin. The ban sha'awa mamaki lura shi ne sokewa caji na carbon tattauna a sama. Duk da yake wannan hali An lura a baya ta STET da sauran masu bincike, da inji cewa ya musanya zumunta aikin ayyuka da kuma ta haka lamba caji hali na abu ne ba su gane. Daya shawarar inji ne redistribution na narkewa ions a kan ma'adinai da kuma

wadannan tebur takaita sunadarai for samfurori daga tushen B. Gwaji a kan tushen A abu ba a kammala.

Table 4: Ash Chemistry na low Loi ash.

Tsayin ci gaban a 20% canzawa na low Loi gardama ash a turmi dauke da 600 laba / yd3 nuna kayan samu daga landfilled ash yi da ɗan mafi alhẽri daga abu daga sabo ne samar. Dubi Table 5 kasa.

Table 5: Compressive ƙarfi daga turmi cubes.

karshe

Bayan dace scalping na manyan kaya, bushewa, kuma deagglomeration, tashi ash dawo dasu daga mai amfani shuka landfills za a iya rage a carbon abun ciki ta amfani da commercialized STET triboelectric bel SEPARATOR. A yadda ya dace da STET tsarin ne da gaske m ga toka samu freshly daga tukunyar jirgi ake gudanar da bushe landfilled abu. A SEPARATOR samfurin ya dace don amfani a kankare samarwa ba tare da kara beneficiation tare da kusan m yi Properties. A dawo da kuma beneficiation na landfilled ash zai samar da wani ci gaba da samar da high quality ash ga kankare kera duk da rage samar da "fresh‿ ash matsayin ci-kora utilities rage ƙarni. Bugu da, ikon shuke-shuke da bukatar cire ash daga landfills saduwa canza muhalli da dokokinta za su iya amfani da tsari to canza a sharar gida samfurin alhaki a cikin wani muhimmanci da albarkatun kasa domin kankare kera.

nassoshi

[1]American Coal Ash Coal konewa kayayyakin da Amfani Statistics: https://www.acaa-usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports/

[2]ST ciki rahoton, Agusta 1995.

[3]a,T.X,. Schaefer, jl, Ban, H., Neathery, J.K., kuma Stencel, J.M. Dry Beneficiation Processing na konewa Fly Ash, Aikace-aikace na DOE Conference on Unburned Carbon a kan Utility Fly Ash, Mayu 19 20, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.

[4]Baltrus, J.P., Diehl, J.R., Soong, Y., Sands, W. Triboelectrostatic rabuwa da gardama ash kuma cajin sokewa, Fuel 81, (2002) pp.757-762.

[5]Cangialosi, F., Notarnicola, M., Liberti, L, Stencel, J. Rawar da weathering a kan gardama ash cajin rarraba a lokacin triboelectrostatic beneficiation, Journal of m Materials, 164 (2009) pp.683-688.

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