Họrọ asụsụ:
ST Equipment & Technology LLC (STET) teknụzụ tribo-electrostatic belt separator na-enye ohere maka ịba uru nke ezigbo ịnweta ntụ ntụ nke nwere teknụzụ akọrọ kpamkpam na oke nrụpụta. The STET separator na-ọma ruru eru maka nkewa nke nnọọ mma (<1μm) ka moderately Ntụ (500μm) ahụ, na iche na ndị ọzọ electrostatic nkewa Filiks na na-a ejedebeghị ahụ >75μm na size. STET ọma beneficiated ígwè ore samples gụnyere ọsọ-of-m ores, tailings na itabirite na ígwè oriri ọdịnaya sitere na site 30-55%. Ibuo Nchoputa na-egosi na ala-ọkwa ígwè ores nwere ike kwalite na azụmahịa akara ule (58-65% Fe) mgbe n'out oge na-ajụ silica site na iji STET belt separator. Ebe a, a Compendium nke ibuo pụta na a mbido amụ nwere ngwa maka STET technology maka ígwè ụlọ ọrụ na-n'ihu. The mbido ọmụmụ gụnyere elu-larịị flowsheets na ụba na nwete maka họrọ ngwa. Ịma metụtara na doo nke nkà na ụzụ na a tụnyere ugbu a teknụzụ maka nhazi nke ígwè ore Iwu na-atụle.
1.0 Okwu Mmalite
Iron ore bụ nke anọ kasị mmewere na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na dị oké mkpa maka zuru ụwa ọnụ aku mmepe na ígwè n'ichepụta [1-2]. Iron ores nwere a dịgasị iche iche na chemical mejupụtara karịsịa maka Fe ọdịnaya na metụtara gangue minerals [1]. Isi ígwè-amị minerals na-hematite, goethite, limonite na magnetite [1,3] na isi contaminants na ígwè ores bụ 2 na Al2O3. Onye ọ bụla ịnweta ego nwere ya pụrụ iche e ji mara na-akwanyere ígwè na gangue agba minerals, ya mere ọ na-achọ a dị iche iche ịta Usoro [4].
Modern nhazi na sekit na sekit ígwè amị minerals pụrụ ịgụnye gravimetric ịta, magnetik ịta, na flotation nzọụkwụ [1,3]. Otú ọ dị, oge a na sekit na sekit ugbu nsogbu na usoro nke nhazi ígwè ore Iwu na slimes [4-6]. Gravimetric usoro ndị dị otú dị ka spirals na-ejedebeghị site urughuru size na-na na-na e weere ihe oru oma ụzọ nke na-etinye uche hematite na magnetite maka size nta n'elu 75μm [5]. Wet na akọrọ ala-osisi ike magnetik nkewa (LIMS) usoro na-eji hazie elu-ọkwa ígwè ores na ike magnetik Njirimara dị ka magnetite mgbe udu mmiri elu-osisi ike magnetik nkewa na-eji ikewapụ ígwè amị minerals na-adịghị ike magnetik Njirimara dị ka hematite si gangue minerals. Magnetik ụzọ ugbu nsogbu ruru ha chọrọ n'ihi na ígwè ore inwe susceptible magnetik n'ubi [3]. Flotation a na-eji belata ọdịnaya nke adịghị na ala-ọkwa ígwè ores, ma a na-ejedebeghị na-eri nke reagents, na ọnụnọ nke silica, alumina-ọgaranya slimes na carbonate minerals [4,6]. Na enweghị n'ihu downstream nhazi maka ajụ iyi ezi ígwè jụrụ ga-ejedebe na-ewekar na a tailings dam [2].
Tailings mkpofu na nhazi nke ígwè Iwu na-oké mkpa maka gburugburu ebe obibi ichebe na mgbake nke ígwè oke ọnụ, karị, na Ya mere nhazi ígwè ore tailings na Iwu na Ngwuputa ụlọ ọrụ etowo na mkpa[7].
Otú ọ dị, nhazi nke ígwè tailings na Iwu na-anọgide aka via omenala flowcharts na Ya mere ọzọ beneficiation teknụzụ dị ka tribo-electrostatic nkewa nke bụ obere restrictive na okwu nke ore mineralogy na urughuru size nwere ike ịghọ nke mmasị. Nkụ electrostatic nhazi ígwè ore onyinye ohere iji belata-akwụ ụgwọ na mmiri tailings ọgbọ metụtara na omenala gravimetric, flotation na udu mmiri ígwé na nkewa na sekit na sekit.
STET azụlitewo a nkewa usoro nke na-enyere oru oma nkewa nke ada uyi na mineral dị ka ha mere mgbe ọ gụrụ a kpọmkwem electric ubi. The technology e etinyere ọma na ada uyi na ọrụ ụlọ mmepụta ihe minerals ụlọ ọrụ; na STET a ugbu a ịgagharị ọzọ ahịa oghere ebe ha separators nwere ike na-enye a asọmpi uru. Otu nke ezubere iche maka ahịa bụ upgrading nke ezi ígwè ore.
STET rụrụ exploratory ọmụmụ ọtụtụ ígwè ores na ibuo nsonaazụ ụbọchị egosipụtawo na ala-ọkwa ígwè ore Iwu nwere ike kwalite site STET tribo-electrostatic belt separator. The STET akọrọ electrostatic nkewa usoro na-enye ọtụtụ uru n'elu omenala mmiri nhazi ụzọ, gụnyere ikike naghachi ọma na àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ-ezi ígwè nke na-agaraghị ama ma a ga-efu ka tailings ma ọ bụrụ na nhazi na ẹdude technology. Na mgbakwunye, nkà na ụzụ na-achọ ọ mmiri oriri, nke na-arụpụta mkpochapu pumping, ndim na ihicha, nakwa dị ka ọ bụla na-akwụ ụgwọ na ihe ize ndụ metụtara na mmiri ọgwụ na mkpofu; dịghị mmiri tailings mkpofu - adịbeghị anya elu-profaịlụ ọdịda nke tailings dams nwere pụta ìhè na-adịte n'ihe ize ndụ nke na-akpakọba mmiri tailings; na, dịghị chemical ọzọ chọrọ, nke mere negates na-aga n'ihu-efu nke reagents na simplifies ekwe.
Iron ore bụ ụlọ ọrụ na a na-akpa ike na si dị iche na ndị ọzọ isi ọla. Nke a bụ n'ihi ya afụ ahịa, nnukwu mmepụta mpịakọta aka na kwekọrọ ekwekọ expenses ma na isi obodo na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ [8] nakwa dị ka enweghị Central mgbanwe n'ógbè nlekọta ọrụ dị ka London Ọla Exchange. Nke a sụgharịta n'ime nnukwu alaghachi na kwere omume mgbe price Tammy gaba na aguba mkpa n'akụkụ peeji mgbe ọnọdụ na-direr. Nke a bụ otu ihe na-akpata nnukwu mmepụta mpịakọta na mesiri ike na ala unit mmepụta-akwụ ụgwọ.
Ebe a, ihe a screening ọmụmụ nke ígwè ore ụlọ ọrụ mepụtara STET na Soutex na-dị iji mata niches nke STET technology nwere ike na-enye akụ na ụba uru tụnyere ihe ot teknụzụ. Soutex bụ a minerals nhazi na nkà mmụta banyere ígwè consultancy na nwere ahụmahụ emebe, optimizing na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na ígwè ore ịta Filiks, na nghọta nke CAPEX, OPEX nakwa dị ka ahịa akụkụ nke ígwè ore ụlọ ọrụ. N'ihi na nke a na-amụ, Soutex nyere ya nka na-eleru nwere ngwa maka triboelectrostatic nkewa na ígwè ore. Soutex 'akporo gụnyere flowsheet mmepe na iji nke ịdị ukwuu na-amụ-larịị isi obodo na-arụ ọrụ na-eri atụmatụ. Nke a akwụkwọ explores atọ n'ime ihe ndị kasị na-ekwe nkwa na ngwa hụrụ, on a technical na echekwa larịị. Atọ ndị a ngwa na-mara dị ka: Upgrading ígwè ore Iwu na Australian DSO Ngwuputa; scavenging nke ezi ígwè uche na hematite / magnetite concentrators; na, reprocessing nke ọgaranya-Fe tailings si Brazil arụmọrụ.
2.0 STET Triboelectrostatic echebe separator
Nlele e duziri iji a bench-ọnụ ọgụgụ tribo-electrostatic belt separator. Bench-ọnụ ọgụgụ ule bụ nke mbụ na-adọ nke a atọ-adọ technology mmejuputa usoro tinyere bench-ọnụ ọgụgụ nwale, pilot-ọnụ ọgụgụ ule na azụmahịa-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmejuputa. The benchtop separator na-eji maka screening na-egosi nke tribo-electrostatic Nchaji na-ekpebi ma ọ bụrụ na a na ihe onwunwe bụ ezigbo nwa akwukwo maka electrostatic beneficiation. Isi iche n'etiti onye ọ bụla mpempe akụrụngwa na-adade ke Isiokwu 1. Ezie na ngwá eji n'ime onye ọ bụla na-adọ dị iche na size, ọrụ ụkpụrụ bụ fundamentally otu.
STET ka inyocha ọtụtụ ígwè ore samples na bench ọnụ ọgụgụ na ịrịba ije nke ígwè na ịjụ silicates e hụrụ (Lee Isiokwu 2). Na ọnọdụ a họọrọ ka ígwè mgbake vs. ígwè abawanye usoro nwere ike na-na-adọrọ mmasị na mgbe e mesịrị na-eji dị ọsọ ọsọ maka ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke akụ na ụba nlereanya
Isiokwu 2. Bench-ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arụpụta na-dị iche iche ígwè ores
| Exp | ndepụta Fe wt.% | Product Fe wt.% | Absolute Fe Increase % | Fe mgbake % | SiO2 Rejection % | D10 (μm) | D50 (μm) | D90 (μm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 39.2 | 50.6 | 11.4 | 91.5 | 63.9 | 5 | 23 | 59 |
| 2 | 39.4 | 60.5 | 21.1 | 50.8 | 96.0 | 5 | 23 | 59 |
| 3 | 30.1 | 48.0 | 17.9 | 70.6 | 84.6 | 1 | 18 | 114 |
| 4 | 29.9 | 54.2 | 24.3 | 56.4 | 93.7 | 1 | 18 | 114 |
| 5 | 47.0 | 50.2 | 3.2 | 96.6 | 35.3 | 17 | 62 | 165 |
| 6 | 21.9 | 48.9 | 27.0 | 41.2 | 96.6 | 17 | 62 | 165 |
| 7 | 47.6 | 60.4 | 12.8 | 85.1 | 96.9 | 17 | 62 | 165 |
| 8 | 35.1 | 44.9 | 9.8 | 89.0 | 54.2 | 3 | 61 | 165 |
| 9 | 19.7 | 37.4 | 17.7 | 76.0 | 56.8 | 5 | 103 | 275 |
| 10 | 54.5 | 62.5 | 8.0 | 86.3 | 77.7 | 5 | 77 | 772 |
| 11 | 54.6 | 66.5 | 11.9 | 82.8 | 95.6 | 8 | 45 | 179 |
(Lee Nkebi 3.0, Ọgụgụ 4). Ọzọ ibuo pụta na-egosi nkewa pụta na ígwè ore samples iji STET technology na-n'ihu na a gara aga akwụkwọ site STET na ígwè ore nhazi [9].
Isiokwu 1. Atọ-adọ mmejuputa usoro eji STET tribo-electrostatic belt separator technology.
| adọ | Used For: | Electrode Length | Ụdị Usoro |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1- Bench Scale Evaluation | Qualitative Evaluation | 250cm | ogbe |
| 2- pilot n'ọtụtụ Testing | Quantitative evaluation | 610cm | ogbe |
| 3- Commercial Scale | Commercial Production | 610cm | na-aga n'ihu |
Dị ka a pụrụ hụrụ na Isiokwu 1, isi ihe dị iche n'etiti benchtop separator na pilot-ọnụ ọgụgụ na azụmahịa-ọnụ ọgụgụ separators bụ na ogologo nke benchtop separator bụ mkpokọta 0.4 ugboro ogologo nke pilot-ọnụ ọgụgụ na azụmahịa-ọnụ ọgụgụ nkeji. Dị ka separator arụmọrụ bụ a ọrụ nke electrode ogologo, bench-ọnụ ọgụgụ ule apụghị-eji dị ka a dochie anya pilot-ọnụ ọgụgụ ule. Pilot-ọnụ ọgụgụ ule dị mkpa iji chọpụta na-ruo n'ókè nke na nkewa na STET usoro nwere ike nweta na azụmahịa ọnụ ọgụgụ, na-ekpebi ma ọ bụrụ na STET usoro nwere ike izute ngwaahịa zaa n'okpuru nyere oriri udu. N'ihi na ihe dị iche na-arụsi ọrụ ike nkewa ogologo si bench ọnụ ọgụgụ na pilot ọnụ ọgụgụ, pụta a na mma na pilot ọnụ ọgụgụ.
2.1 Operation Kwuru
Na tribo-electrostatic belt separator (Lee Ọgụgụ 1 na Ọgụgụ 2), ihe a na nri n'ime mkpa ọdịiche 0.9 - 1.5 cm n'etiti abụọ yiri planar electrodes.
The ahụ na-triboelectrically boro ebubo site interparticle kọntaktị. Ọmụmaatụ, na ikpe nke ígwè sample gụnyere tumadi hematite na quartz ịnweta ahụ, na ghaghị ebubo (hematite) na-ezighị ezi
ebubo (quartz) na-dọtara na-abụghị electrodes. The ahụ na-ahụ kpochapụ elu site a na-aga n'ihu na-akpụ akpụ na-emeghe-ntupu belt na ekekpepde na-abụghị ntụziaka. The belt na-akpali ndị ahụ n'akụkụ ọ bụla electrode n'ebe abụghị nsọtụ nke separator. The counter ugbu a eruba nke kewara ahụ na nọgide triboelectric Nchaji site urughuru-urughuru collisions enye maka a multi-ogbo nkewa na utịp ke magburu onwe-adị ọcha na mgbake na a otu-ngafe unit. The belt-enye ohere maka nhazi na ezi na àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ-ezi ahụ gụnyere ahụ nta karịa 20μm, site na-enye usoro iji nọgidere ọcha elu nke electrodes na-ewepụ ndị ezi ahụ, a ga-uzọ-rube isi na elu nke electrodes. The elu belt ọsọ na-enyere throughputs ruo 40 ise kwa hour na a otu separator site nọgidere erute ihe onwunwe nke separator. Site ịchịkwa dị iche iche usoro parameters, ngwaọrụ-enye ohere maka njikarịcha nke ịnweta ọkwa na mgbake.
The separator imewe bụ dịtụ mfe. The belt na metụtara rollers bụ naanị na-akpụ akpụ akụkụ. The electrodes bụ anyịnya na esịnede a ukwuu inogide ihe. The belt bụ a consumable akụkụ nke na-achọ ugboro ugboro ma oge nnọchi, a usoro nke dị ike ga-agwụ agwụ site na a otu ọrụ na naanị 45 nkeji. The separator electrode ogologo bụ mkpokọta 6 mita (20 ft.) na obosara 1.25 mita (4 ft.) maka zuru size azụmahịa nkeji (Lee Ọgụgụ 3). The ike oriri bụ ihe na-erughị 2 kWh kwa tonne nke ihe onwunwe esichara na ọtụtụ ndị ike gwusia site abụọ Motors ụgbọala belt.
The usoro kpamkpam akọrọ, na-achọ ọ ọzọ ihe ma na-amị dịghị n'efu mmiri ma ọ bụ ikuku anwuru. N'ihi na ịnweta nkewa na separator enye a technology iji belata mmiri ojiji, ịgbatị idobere ndụ na / ma ọ bụ naghachi na reprocess tailings.
The compactness nke usoro na-enye ohere maka mgbanwe na echichi aghụghọ. The tribo-electrostatic belt nkewa technology bụ siri ike na industrially pụtara na mbụ etinyere industrially na nhazi nke coal combustion ada uyi na 1995. The technology bụ irè kewara carbon ahụ si na-ezughị ezu combustion nke coal, si yiri enyo aluminosilicate ịnweta ahụ na ada uyi. The technology kemgbe instrumental na eme egweri nke ịnweta-ọgaranya ada uyi ka a cement nnọchi na ihe mmepụta.
ebe ọ bụ na 1995, n'elu 20 nde ise ngwaahịa ada uyi e esichara site STET separators arụnyere na USA. The ulo oru akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ada uyi STET nkewa na-depụtara na Isiokwu 3.
Na minerals nhazi, na triboelectric belt separator technology e ji mee ikewapụ a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe gụnyere calcite / quartz, talc / magnesite, na barite / quartz.
Isiokwu 3. Industrial ngwa nke tribo-electrostatic belt nkewa maka ada uyi
| Utility / ike ojii | Location | Malite nke azụmahịa arụmọrụ | Facility nkọwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy - Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | 1997 | 2 Separators |
| Energy asụsụ- Brandon mben | Maryland USA | 1999 | 2 Separators |
| Scottish Power- Longannet Station | Scotland UK | 2002 | 1 separator |
| Jacksonville Electric-St. Johns River Power Park | Florida USA | 2003 | 2 Separators |
| South Mississippi Electric Power -R.D. Morrow | Mississippi USA | 2005 | 1 separator |
| New Brunswick Power-Belledune | New Brunswick Canada | 2005 | 1 separator |
| OF npower-Didcot Station | England UK | 2005 | 1 separator |
| Talen Energy Brunner Island Station | Pennsylvania USA | 2006 | 2 Separators |
| Tampa Electric-Big Bend Station | Florida USA | 2008 | 3 Separators |
| OF npower Aberthaw-Station | Wales UK | 2008 | 1 separator |
| EDF Energy-West Burton Station | England UK | 2008 | 1 separator |
| ZGP (Lafarge Cement / Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | 2010 | 1 separator |
| Korea Southeast Power- Yeongheung | South Korea | 2014 | 1 separator |
| PGNiG Termika-Sierkirki | Poland | 2018 | 1 separator |
| Taiheiyo ciment Company-Chichibu | Japan | 2018 | 1 separator |
| Armstrong ada uyi- Eagle Cement | Philippines | 2019 | 1 separator |
| Korea Southeast Power- Samcheonpo | South Korea | 2019 | 1 separator |
3.0 ụkpụrụ
atọ (3) mgbe e kwuru maka inwekwu nwale na-esichara site na iji nke ịdị ukwuu na-amụ-larịị akụ na ụba na ihe ize ndụ / ohere review. The nwale dabeere na nwere uru ka onye ọrụ ga-aghọta site n'itinyekwu STET si technology n'ime ha osisi ahụ flowsheet.
Performance nke STET separator na-eme atụmatụ dị ka bench ọnụ ọgụgụ ule rụrụ (Lee Isiokwu 2). The data chikọta dị iche iche na ígwè ores kwere ka mmezi nke a mgbake nlereanya nke e ji ịkọ mgbake maka atọ (3) ikpe ọmụmụ. Ọgụgụ 4 na-egosi ihe ga-esi nlereanya na okwu nke arụmọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ. The ígwè mgbake gosiri na na Ogwe, against the iron beneficiation in %Fe. Na bench ọnụ ọgụgụ ule, a otu ngafe site na STET nwalere nakwa dị ka a na-ngafe flowsheet. Two-ngafe flowsheets agụnye scavenging nke rougher ọdụ, Ya mere na-amụba na mgbake n'ụzọ. Otú ọ dị, a na-agụnye ndị ọzọ STET igwe na ya mere elu-akwụ ụgwọ. The njehie Ogwe n'elu CAPEX Ogwe egosi CAPEX price mgbanwe dabere na oru ngo size. The unitary CAPEX ọgụgụ ibelata na oru ngo size. Dị ka ihe atụ, maka ahụkarị ore nwalere na a abụọ-ngafe flowsheet, onye na-abawanye nke 15% na ígwè ọkwa (i.e. si 50% Fe ka 65% Fe) ga-ekwu ígwè mgbake nke 90%. Lower ígwè recoveries edinyịme-eji na-esonụ ikpe ọmụmụ iji tụlee pụta ụwa ọnwụ nke mgbake mgbe amị elu ọkwa ígwè ore Ụtụtụ.
N'ihi na nke ọ bụla ọmụmụ, a flowsheet na-dị na iwu nke ịdị ukwuu larịị ma naanị isi akụrụngwa na-egosi iji kwado echekwa nwale. N'ihi na onye ọ bụla flowsheet, ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na-eme atụmatụ n'okpuru ndị na-esonụ na edemede: Capital efu (CAPEX); ịwa efu (OPEX); na, revenue. Mgbe a na screening ogbo, larịị nke ziri ezi maka onye ọ bụla udi bụ na "iji nke ịdị ukwuu" (± 50%).
Main ngwá CAPEX na-eme atụmatụ iji esịtidem ọdụ data (Nyere site Soutex) na akụrụngwa ruturu mgbe dị. Ihe ndị ahụ kpebisiri ike igosi ndị na-eri ma kpọmkwem na-akwụ ụgwọ. STET kpọmkwem CAPEX ụkpụrụ na-agụnye abụọ na ngwá na njikwa, ziri ezi a ala factorization maka echichi na-ewu ụlọ maka nke a mpempe akụrụngwa. The OPEX ọnu-emi esịnede mmezi, manpower, ike na consumable akwụ ụgwọ. The technical ọcha nyere site usoro flowsheet akwado ndị na-eri nwale ma okwu nke CAPEX na OPEX, ma na-eri ihe metụtara echichi na ojiji nke STET tribo-electrostatic belt separator e mere atụmatụ iji STET nchekwa data nke dechara oru na ígwè ore bench ọnụ ọgụgụ ule ọrụ.
The ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eji na-esonụ na-eri nwete na-ewepụtara Ọgụgụ 4. Dị ka ihe atụ, maka ahụkarị ore nwalere na abụọ-agafe nke ịta ma na-amụba nke 15% na ígwè ọkwa (i.e. si 50% Fe ka 65% Fe) ga na-eri na gburugburu 135 000$ kwa ton / h na CAPEX na 2 $ / t na OPEX (tọn ígwè uche). Dị ka nke a na-zubere ka a screening ọmụmụ, e kpebiri ịnọgide mgbanwe na ngwaahịa ịnye ọnụahịa na ịrụ uche analysis vesos ikpeazụ ọkwa na ngwaahịa price. Dị ka nke November 2019, 62% Seaborne ígwè ore trades gburugburu 80USD / t, na a dị nnọọ elu volatility.
The adịchaghị na ígwè ore unit uche dịkwa nnọọ obodo na-adabere na ọtụtụ ihe ndị dị ka contaminants na mkpa si a kpọmkwem ahịa. The price dị iche n'etiti 65% ígwè na 62% bụ na ígwè na-agbanwe mgbe nile na oge. na 2016, ihe dị iche bụ ntakiri (gburugburu 1 $/t/%Fe) ma na 2017-2018, adịchaghị rigoro nso 10 $/t/%Fe. Mgbe oge nke a edere, ọ bụ ugbu a gburugburu 3 $/t/%Fe [10]. Isiokwu 4 egosi họrọ imewe ibiere eji maka efu ọnu.
Isiokwu 4. Echiche maka Economic nyocha.
The payback oge na-eme atụmatụ si n'afọ mbụ nke mmepụta. N'ihi na onye ọ bụla oru ngo, ihe ọzọ abụọ (2) afọ a ga-atụle maka owuwu. The usoro ego ụkpụrụ (mmefu na revenue) na-ego site ná mmalite nke ndị na-ewu.
4.0 Beneficiation usoro na a DSO akọrọ ọrụ
Direct mbupu ore (DSO) oru emepụta nnukwu olu nke ígwè ore na ụwa, isi udia Chinese ahịa na ọtụtụ olu na-abịa site Western Australia (Wa) na Brazil. na 2017, olu nke ígwè ore emepụta Wa karịa 800 nde tọn na Brazil ibu bụ gburugburu 350 nde tọn [11]. The beneficiation Filiks bụ nnọọ mfe, esịnede ukwuu n'ime igwepịa, ịsa na edida [12].
Beneficiation nke àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ Iwu n'ịwa a 65% Fe uche bụ ohere maka DSO ahịa. The obibia weere na-eleru ndị STET technology uru n'ihi DSO oru bụ a ahia-apụ n'etiti amị ẹdude ala-ọkwa ígwè ultra-Iwu na onye ọzọ nke na-amị a ngwaahịa na kwukwara uru mgbe STET beneficiation. The flowsheet chọrọ (Ọgụgụ 5) weere a chepụtara echepụta DSO ime ihe na Wa ga ugbu a na-mbupụ n'etiti ya na ngwaahịa ultra-Iwu na 58% Fe. The ọzọ ga-etinye uche na àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ-Iwu iji dịkwuo uru nke ikpeazụ ngwaahịa. Isiokwu 5 onyinye ụfọdụ nke imewe ibiere na elu-larịị uka itule eji na ọnu nke revenue. The orebody na okwu nke ọkwa na ikike anaghị anọchi anya otu dị na oru ngo kama a typical DSO oru ngo na okwu nke size na mmepụta.
Isiokwu 5. Ultra-ezi DSO Beneficiation Plant Design Ibiere na Mass Balance.
Ọgụgụ 5. Flowsheets tụnyere na DSO ahia-apụ
Isiokwu 6 onyinye na elu-larịị CAPEX, OPEX na-eme atụmatụ ụtụ. The CAPEX atụmatụ na-agụnye na mgbakwunye na nke a ọhụrụ raara onwe ya nye ibu na-usoro (loadout silo na ụgbọ ala loading), nakwa dị ka STET usoro. Iji inwale nloghachi nke na chọrọ flowsheet, akụ na ụba analysis mere gburugburu a ahia-apụ n'etiti beneficiation bụrụ na ire nke a ala-ọkwa ngwaahịa. Na beneficiation ikpe, olu na-ebelata ma adịchaghị na ígwè nkeji enwekwu ire price budata. Na OPEX, ihe ọnu-nyere maka upstream ore nhazi (Ngwuputa, ndinuak, edida na-ejizi).
N'agbanyeghị na mbenata olu budata, nloghachi bụ na-akpali nyere adịchaghị elu ọkwa ígwè ore uche. Nloghachi ngụkọta oge a dabeere nke ukwuu nke a adịchaghị, nke a na-amụba ke akpatre afọ ole na ole n'ihi na gburugburu ebe obibi mbipụta. Dị ka e gosiri n'elu (Isiokwu 6), akụ na ụba mma nke ndị dị otú a ngo bụ ukwuu dabere na price iche n'etiti 58% ígwè na 65% ígwè. Na nke a ugbu a nwale, a price adịchaghị bụ 30.5 $/t, nke na-egosipụta ihe dị ugbu a ahịa ọnọdụ. Otú ọ dị, a price adịchaghị ka mbụk malite site 15 - 50 $/t.
5.0 Scavenging Usoro na a Gravity
nkewa Plant
Iron concentrators na North America region were ike ndọda ịta nke bụ ihe oru oma ụzọ nke na-etinye uche hematite na magnetite, karịsịa maka size nta n'elu 75μm [5,13]. Hematite / magnetite osisi na mpaghara a a na-eji spirals dị ka isi nkewa usoro na-ekwukwa Low ike Magnetik Nkewa nzọụkwụ (LIMS). A nkịtị nke gafee hematite / magnetite osisi bụ mgbake nke ezi ígwè dị ka ígwè tailings ichekwa mgbe iru etoju dị elu dị ka 20%. Isi ihe ịma aka na-metụtara ezi hematite, dị ka ezi ígwè pụrụ isi nnọọ ike natara site spirals na bụ impervious ka LIMS eji naghachi ezi magnetite. Na ntule ndịiche, na STET separator bụ ukwuu irè na kewara iwu ahụ, gụnyere ahụ n'okpuru 20μm microns ebe LIMS na spirals ndị na-erughị irè. Ya mere, na ejupụta si a Cleaner hydrosizer (gbochiwo ọbịa) udia scavenger spirals bụ ezi ihe kwesịrị ekwesị maka STET technology. The chọrọ flowsheet na-adade ke ọgụgụ 6.
Na a nhazi, uhie gbaara akara pụta ìhè ọhụrụ ngwá n'ime otu dị na osisi. N'okpuru chọrọ flowsheet, kama ịbụ nke recirculated, na-egbochi ọbịa ejupụta ga-esichara site scavenging spirals arụ ọrụ dị iche iche na ọnọdụ ka rougher spirals. A ezi ígwè uche ike-emepụta na Fikiere. The mịrị amị uche ga-ahụ ga-eduzi ndị STET separator iji na-emepụta a ikpeazụ uche nke ire ere ọkwa. The ezi ngwaahịa nwere ike na-ahịa iche iche ma ọ bụ ọnụ na fọdụrụ concentrator mmepụta.
Isiokwu 7 onyinye imewe ibiere na elu-larịị uka itule eji na ọnu nke revenue.
Isiokwu 8 onyinye na elu-larịị CAPEX, OPEX na-eme atụmatụ ụtụ.
Nke a analysis na-egosi na nloghachi nke na mmejuputa atumatu a scavenging circuit metụtara STET technology bụ mara mma na ikike elebakwuo.
Ọzọ uru nke ihicha ezi ígwè uche mgbe atụnyere ka mpi teknụzụ bụ metụtara uru n'ihi ihe njikwa esonụ ịta. Mma mmiri uche bụ mfịna banyere nzacha, njikwa na iga. Oyi nsogbu na ụgbọ oloko na fluxing na ụgbọ mmiri sụgharịrị ihicha nke nnọọ mma uche mgbe ụfọdụ amanyere bụ iwu nke. STET agbakwunyere ihicha nwere ike mere na-uru.
6.0 Beneficiation nke Brazil Tailings
nkwụnye ego
Beneficiation nke ezi tailings-egosi dị ka a uru-kwukwara ngwa n'ihi na processors ka valorize na STET technology, dị ka akụ na-finely ground na maka ala na-eri. Mgbe ígwè ore tailings ego agba elu-etoju nke ígwè na-ugbu a na ọtụtụ ebe, ebe ebe lọjistik bụ ndị dị mfe ga-enwe ihe ùgwù maka inwekwu nwale. Brazil ego nwere elu Fe akara ule na putara ighe nke dị nso ẹdude iga akụrụngwa nwere ike na-anọchi anya ezi ohere maka processors na-erite uru site na mmejuputa STET tribo-electrostatic technology. The flowsheet chọrọ (Ọgụgụ 7) weere a chepụtara echepụta Fe-ọgaranya Brazil tailings ime ihe na nke STET technology ga-abụ nanị beneficiation usoro.
The nkwụnye ego na-atụle ga nnukwu iji na-enye ọtụtụ iri afọ nke oriri na a kwa afọ ọnụego nke 1.5 M ton / afọ. N'ihi na nke a dịruru ná njọ, ndepụta ore na-ama finely ground na a D50 nke ~ 50μm na ore ga-mkpa ka a esibuak, ebuga wee mịrị amị tupu tribo-electrostatic beneficiation. The uche ga-ahụ ga n'elu na ụgbọ oloko / ụgbọ mmiri na ndị ọhụrụ tailings ga-stockpiled na a owuwu ọhụrụ.
Isiokwu 9 onyinye imewe ibiere na elu-larịị uka itule eji na ọnu nke revenue. Isiokwu 10 onyinye na elu-larịị CAPEX, OPEX na-eme atụmatụ ụtụ.
Dị ka e gosiri Isiokwu 10, nloghachi nke mmejuputa STET technology maka beneficiation nke Brazil tailings bụ mara mma. Ọzọkwa, site na gburugburu ebe obibi si ele ihe anya na chọrọ flowsheet bakwara uru mere ka beneficiation nke akọrọ tailings ga belata tailings size na elu ma na-ga-belata ihe ize ndụ metụtara na mmiri tailings mkpofu.
7.0 Nkwurịta na Aro
The STET separator e ọma gosiri na bench ọnụ ọgụgụ na iche iche iwu ígwè ore, Ya mere àjà processors a akwụkwọ usoro okûnam Iwu na-agaraghị ama ma-enwe ike-usoro sellable akara ule na ẹdude teknụzụ.
The flowsheets inyocha site STET na Soutex bụ ihe atụ nke ígwè ore nhazi nke nwere ike irite uru na akọrọ triboelectrostatic nkewa. The atọ (3) mepere flowsheets adade ke ọmụmụ a na-adịghị nanị na ndị ọzọ na uzo ozo a ga-atụle. Nke a mbido ọmụmụ na-egosi na scavenging Filiks metụtara ala ihicha na-akwụ ụgwọ, DSO arụmọrụ na tailings beneficiation nwere ezi ohere nke azụmahịa ihe ịga nke ọma.
Ọzọ uru na akọrọ nhazi bụ na tailings nchekwa - nke na-ugbu echekwara na nnukwu tailings ponds – ka akọrọ tailings ga nwere uru nke iwepu ihe dị mkpa na gburugburu ebe obibi ihe ize ndụ. Adịbeghị anya na kpọsara nke ọma tailings dam ọdịda gosi mkpa ọ tailings management.
The ntinye a ọmụmụ eji gbakọọ ígwè ore ọkwa na mgbake ndị bench ọnụ ọgụgụ nkewa pụta iji ígwè ore n'omume si multiple mpaghara. Otú ọ dị, na mineralogy na ntọhapụ e ji mara onye nke ọ bụla ore bụ ihe pụrụ iche, Ya mere ahịa ígwè ore samples kwesịrị inyocha na bench ma ọ bụ pilot ọnụ ọgụgụ. Na a nzọụkwụ ọzọ nke mmepe, atọ flowsheets inyocha a akwụkwọ a ga-amụ na N'ịkọwakwu.
N'ikpeazụ, teknụzụ ndị ọzọ bụ ugbu a n'okpuru ọmụmụ maka ezi ígwè mgbake dị ka WHIMS, Jigs na reflux classifiers. Ọ na-ama mara na ọtụtụ mmiri nkewa Filiks na-adighi ike nke ahụ n'okpuru 45μm na Ya mere STET technology nwere ike uru na mma nso, ka STET hụrụ ezi arụmọrụ na oriri dị ka ezi dị ka 1μm. A iwu ahia-apụ ọmụmụ atụnyere e zoro aka na teknụzụ na STET ga-mụụrụ, nke ga-agụnye arụmọrụ ntule, ike, na-eri, etc. N'ụzọ dị otú kacha mma niche maka STET nwere ike pụta ìhè ma nụchaa.
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