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American Dhuxul Ash Ururka (ACAA) sahan sanadlaha ah ee wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka ash dhoobnayd dhuxusha ayaa sheegaya in inta u dhaxaysa 1966 iyo 2011, ka badan 2.3 bilyan oo tan gaaban ash dhoobnayd ayaa soo saaray kululeeyaha utility dhuxul-rideen. Of oo xaddi, ku dhowaad 625 million tons ayaa beneficially isticmaalo, inta badan for cement iyo wax soo saarka la taaban karo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haray 1.7+ bilyan oo tan waxaa ugu horayn laga helaa meelha ama ka buuxsamay impoundments ponded.
Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation of Landfilled iyo Ponded Fly Ash
By Lewis Baker,Abhishek Gupta, Stephen Gasiorowski, iyo Frank Hrach
American Dhuxul Ash Ururka (ACAA) sahan sanadlaha ah ee wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka ash dhoobnayd dhuxusha ayaa sheegaya in inta u dhaxaysa 1966 iyo 2011, ka badan 2.3 bilyan oo tan gaaban ash dhoobnayd ayaa soo saaray boilers.1 utility dhuxul-rideen Of qadarka this, ku dhowaad 625 million tons ayaa beneficially isticmaalo, inta badan for cement iyo wax soo saarka la taaban karo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haray 1.7+ bilyan oo tan waxaa ugu horayn laga helaa meelha ama ka buuxsamay impoundments ponded. Inkasta oo heerka isticmaalka for ash dhoobnayd immika ahbaa ayaa aad u kordhay sannadihii la soo dhaafay, iyadoo heerarka hadda ku dhow 45%, ku dhowaad 40 million tons of ash dhoobnayd sii wadi in lagu qubo ee sannad kasta. Inkasta oo heerka isticmaalka ee Europe ayaa u badan ka badan oo dalka Mareykanka ah, Muga badan ee ash dhoobnayd ayaa sidoo kale lagu kaydiyaa meelha iyo impoundments in qaar ka mid ah dalalka Yurub
Recently, xiisaha kabsaday wax this tuuray ayaa kor u kacay, qayb ahaan sabab u tahay baahida loo qabo ash dhoobnayd oo tayo sare leh wax soo saarka la taaban karo oo cement inta lagu jiro xilliga a of-soo-saarka hoos u sida jiilka tamarta dhuxusha-riday ayaa hoos u dhacay ee Europe iyo North America. Su'aalaha ku saabsan saamaynta mudada dheer deegaanka meelha sida ayaa sidoo kale keentay in korontada si aad u hesho codsiyada isticmaalka faa'iido ash this kaydiyaa.
Iyadoo qaar ka mid ah tani ash dhoobnayd kaydin laga yaabaa in ku haboon isticmaalka faa'iido sidii hore ka qotay, tirada ugu badan u baahan doonaan processing qaar ka mid ah in ay la kulmaan heerarka tayo leh cement ama wax soo saarka la taaban karo. Sababtoo ah wax caadi ayaa ilmadeeda si ay awood u maaraysay iyo compaction halka laga fogaado jiilka ciidda hawada, qalajiyo iyo deagglomeration waa shuruud lagama maarmaanka u ah isticmaalka ee la taaban karo, sababtoo ah soo saarayaasha la taaban karo u baahan doontaa in la sii wado dhaqanka ee ash dhoobnayd batching mid qalalan ah, budo wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halbawle Halabuurka kiimikada ee ash ku kulmay caddaymaha-gaar content carbon ah, qiyaasay sida khasaaro on suuroggalaan (SHARCIGA)rorida caqabad weyn. Sida loo isticmaalo ash dhoobnayd ayaa kor u kacay in ugu dambeeyey 20+ sano, ugu "ee Creech" ash ayaa beneficially isticmaalo, iyo ash tayada off-ka takhalusin. Sayidka, hoos LOI noqon doontaa shuruud isticmaalka tirada ugu badan ee ash dhoobnayd recoverable ka impoundments utility.
Inkasta oo cilmi kale ayaa loo isticmaalaa farsamooyin sari iyo geedi socodka sabeynta ee dhimista LOI ee soo kabsaday landfilled iyo ponded ash dhoobnayd, ST Qalabka & Technologies (STET) ayaa lagu ogaaday in ay u gaar ah nidaamka kala soocida suunka triboelectrostatic, dheer loo isticmaalo beneficiation of ash dhoobnayd immika ahbaa, sidoo kale waa wax ku ool ah oo ku saabsan ash soo kabsaday ka dib markii lagu qalajiyo habboon iyo deagglomeration.
cilmi STET waxaan imtixaannay dhaqanka soociddiisa triboelectrostatic of ash qalajiyey landfilled ka dhowr meelha ash dhoobnayd ee Ameerika iyo Yurub. ash Tani kabsaday soocay ash aad u la mid ah in ay immika ahbaa la mid farqi la yaab leh: xukun walxaha la beddeli ka mid ah ash cusub, la carbon ku amraya xun ee la xiriirta mineral.2 cilmi kale nijaasta electrostatic of dhoobnayd carbon ash ayaa sidoo kale lagu arkay this phenomenon.3-5 polarity ee SEPARATOR ku STET triboelectrostatic si fudud loo beddeli karaa in ay oggolaadaan in diidmada carbon xun lagu soo eedeeyay ka engejiyey ilo ash dhoobnayd landfilled. No beddelka gaar ah si ay design SEPARATOR ama gacanta ku lagama maarmaan u yihiin meel ifafaale uu
In SEPARATOR carbon STET ah (berdaha. 1), wax la quudiyey galay farqiga khafiif ah inta u dhaxaysa labada electrodes planar isku midka ah. qayb ka yihiin triboelectrically eedeeyay by xiriir interparticle. The carbon wanaagsan eedeeyay iyo macdanta xun eedeeyay (in ash immika ahbaa in aan la ilmadeeda oo la engejiyey) waxaa soo jiitay in electrodes soo horjeeda. qayb ka yihiin ka dibna isagoo xaaqan oo ay suunka dhaqaaqaan joogto ah iyo gaadhsiiyey jiho ka soo horjeeda. Suunka guuro qayb ka ku xiga si ay koronto kasta xagga ugu shishaysa soo horjeeda ee SEPARATOR ah. The xawaaraha suunka sare ayaa sidoo kale u saamaxaaya throughputs aad u sarreeya ilaa 36 metrik saacadiiba hal SEPARATOR a. Farqiga u yar, beerta a high-voltage, counter-socodka hadda, xooggan cadhoodaan walxaha-walxaha, iyo ficil is-nadiifinta ee suunka on electrodes waa sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee SEPARATOR STET ah. By gacanta beegyada uu nidaamka kala duwan, sida xawaaraha suunka, dhibic feed, iyo heerka feed, habka STET saarta ash dhoobnayd LOI hooseeyo ee ka kooban carbon ka yar 1.5 si ay u 4.5% ka dambas Daqsi feed ka bilowda in LOI ka 4% in ka badan 25%.
design SEPARATOR waa mid yara fudud oo is haysta. Mashiinka A loogu talagalay in lagu farsameeyo 40 metrik saacadiiba waa qiyaastii 30 ft (9 m) dheer, 5 ft (1.5 m) ballaaran, iyo 9 ft (2.75 m) dhaadheer. The suunka iyo rollers la xiriira waa qaybo ka mid kaliya uusan u dhaqaaqin. electrodes waa taagan oo ka kooban qalab ah oo ku haboon raagaya. Suunka laga sameeyey caag nonconductive. isticmaalka awoodda SEPARATOR ee ku saabsan tahay 1 -waat saacaddii per ton ee wax baaraandegi leh ugu xoogga baabbi'iyey laba matoorrada wadista suunka.
Geedi socodka gebi ahaanba qalalan, wuxuu u baahan yahay ma qalab dheeraad ah oo kale oo aan ahayn ash Daqsi, oo soo saarta oo aan lahayn biyo qashinka ama qiiqa hawada. The qalabka soo kabsaday ka kooban yihiin ash dhoobnayd hoos ku content carbon in heerka ku haboon in loo isticmaalo sida shaydi a pozzolanic ee la taaban karo, iyo jajab-carbon sare waxtar leh sida shidaalka. Isticmaal labada durdurrada wax soo saarka waxay bixisaa a 100% xal inuu u duulo dhibaatooyinka qubo ash.
Afar ilaha ash ayaa laga helay meelha: Sample A ka warshad xoog ku yaalla United Kingdom iyo shaybaar B ee, C, iyo D ka Maraykanka. baarka intaas oo dhammu waxay ka koobnayd ash ka sari ee dhuxusha bituminous by kululeeyaha utility waaweyn. Sababo la intermingling mid ah waxyaabaha in meelha ugu, ma macluumaad dheeraad ah waxaa laga heli karaa ku saabsan il dhuxusha ama sari xaalado gaar ah.
The baarka sida helay by STET ku jira u dhexeeya 15 iyo 27% biyaha, sida waa caadiga ah ee wax landfilled. baarka ayaa sidoo kale ku jira xaddi badan oo kala duwan ee >1/8 in. (3 mm) wax. Si aad u diyaariso tijaabada kala carbon, qashin badan oo laga saaray by baarista iyo baarka ka dibna la qalajiyey iyo deagglomerated ka hor beneficiation carbon. habab dhowr ah qalajiyo / deagglomeration ayaa lagu qiimeeyaa qiyaasta tijaabo ah in ay tayadoodii habka guud. STET ayaa soo xulay hab industrially xaqiijiyay feed processing oo bixiya qalajiyo isku mar iyo deagglomeration lagama maarmaan kala electrostatic wax ku ool ah. A gigan habka guud ee la soo bandhigay in berdihii. 2.
Guryaha muunada la diyaariyey waxay si fiican u dhexeeyeen inta u dhaxaysa duuli ash Si toos ah looga helo kuleyliyaha tamarta caadiga ah. The guryaha ugu khuseeya labada quudintooda SEPARATOR iyo waxyaabaha lagu soo koobay Jadwalka 2, oo ay la socdaan wax soo saarka ka soo kabsaday.
processing SEPARATOR STET qalajiyey, ash dhoobnayd landfilled
Jaantuska socodka Hab-
tijaabooyin Carbon hoos u isticmaalaya SEPARATOR suunka triboelectric ku STET keentay in dib u soo kabashada aad u fiican ee wax soo saarka yar LOI ka yimid dhammaan ilaha ash dhoobnayd afar-qub. cagsi ah ayaa ku amraya of carbon sidii hore ka wada hadleen ma xaqiro kala sinaba marka loo eego ka baaraandegidda ash cusub.
The sifooyinka ash low-LOI Daqsi kabsaday la isticmaalayo habka STET ee ash labada immika laga soo ururiyey ee kuleeliyaha iyo ash ka qubka kabsaday waxa lagu soo koobay Shaxda 1. natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in tayada wax soo saarka ee ProAsh® ka wax landfilled soo saaray oo u dhiganta wax soo saarka oo laga helay ilo ash dhoobnayd cusub soo saaray.
The sifooyinka ProAsh ah ee ka soo baxa wax-qub dib ayaa marka la barbar dhigo in ProAsh soo saaray ka ash dhoobnayd cusub ee ay kululeeyaha korontada isku meel ka. ash The baaraandego dib la kulmay oo dhan qaaska ah ee ASTM C618 iyo AASHTO M 250 heerarka. Miis 2 koobaya chemistry ee baarka ka laba ka mid ah ilaha ugu muujinaya farqiga u dhexeeya aan qiimo lahayn wax cusub iyo dib.
horumarinta Xoog of a 20% bedelay of ash low-LOI Daqsi in hoobiye ah oo ay ku jiraan 600 LB / yd3 wax cementitious (eeg Shaxda 3) tusay alaabta ProAsh ah oo ka soo jeeda ash landfilled koreen oo madaafiic xoog u dhigma hoobiye SAARAY isticmaalaya ProAsh ka ash dhoobnayd cusub soo saaray isla goobta. wax soo saarka dhamaadka ash ku beneficiated dib taageeri lahaa-dhamaadka sare isticmaalaa in industry ee la taaban karo oo waafaqsan booska aadka u qiimaha badan ProAsh jecel yahay suuqa waxaa hadda u adeegtaa.
helitaanka kharashka yar gaaska dabiiciga ah ee dalka Mareykanka ayaa si weyn u wanaajisaa ee dhaqaalaha ee geedi socodka lagu qalajiyo, oo ay ku jiraan qalajiyo of ash dhoobnayd ayay ilmadeeda ka meelha. Miis 4 koobaya kharashka shidaalka hawlgallada ee Maraykanka ee 15% iyo 20% ka kooban qoyaan. tayo darida caadiga ah ee lagu qalajiyo waxaa ka mid ahaa in qiimaha xisaabiyaa. Kharashka ku salaysan yihiin mass mid ah waxyaabaha ka dib markii lagu qalajiyo. Kharashka kordhiyo waayo ash dhoobnayd qalajiyo for processing-soociddiisa triboelectrostatic STET hooseeya marka loo eego.
Xitaa dheer ee kharashka lagu qalajiyo feed, geedi-soociddiisa STET waxay bixisaa a qiime jaban, habka industrially la xaqiijiyay ee dhimista LOI of ash dhoobnayd landfilled. habka STET ee ash dhoobnayd dib waa mid ka mid saddex-meelood meel ka mid ah kala bar kharashka magaalada marka loo eego nidaamka sari ku salaysan. habka STET ee ash dhoobnayd dib uu sidoo kale leeyahay qiiqa si weyn uga yar in deegaanka marka loo eego sari ama nidaamyada sabeynta ee ku salaysan. Maxaa yeelay, isha keliya oo dheeraad ah hawada hawada si loo xirxiro habka STET caadiga ah waa qalajiyaha gaas-dabiici ah oo harqiyay, waxaa saamaxdo lahaa noqon fudud.
| Feed shaybaarkaaga SEPARATOR | SHARCIGA, % | XEERKA ProAsh, % | ProAsh fineness, % +325 mesh |
ProAsh dhalidda mass, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A Fresh | 10.2 | 3.6 | 23 | 84 |
| Landfilled A | 11.1 | 3.6 | 20 | 80 |
| Fresh B | 5.3 | 2.0 | 13 | 86 |
| Landfilled B | 7.1 | 2.0 | 15 | 65 |
| Fresh C | 4.7 | 2.6 | 16 | 82 |
| Landfilled C | 5.7 | 2.5 | 23 | 72 |
| Landfilled D | 10.8 | 3.0 | 25 | 80 |
| il waxyaabaha | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | Cao | MgO | K2O | Na2O | SO3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fresh B | 51.60 | 24.70 | 9.9 | 2.22 | 0.85 | 2.19 | 0.28 | 0.09 |
| Landfilled B | 50.40 | 25.00 | 9.3 | 3.04 | 0.85 | 2.41 | 0.21 | 0.11 |
| Fresh C | 47.7 | 23.4 | 10.8 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 0.03 |
| Landfilled C | 48.5 | 26.5 | 11.5 | 1.8 | 0.86 | 2.39 | 1.18 | 0.02 |
| 7-maalin xoog compressive, % of control ash cusub | 28-maalin xoog compressive, % of control ash cusub | |
|---|---|---|
| Fresh B | 100 | 100 |
| Landfilled B | 107 | 113 |
| Fresh C | 100 | 100 |
| Landfilled C | 97 | 99 |
| content qoyaan, % | Heat KWhr looga baahan yahay / T salaysan qoyan | kharashka qalajiyo / T salaysan qalalan (gaaska dabiiciga ah kacaysaa $ 3.45 / mmBtu) |
| 15 | 165 | $ 2.28 |
| 20 | 217 | $ 3.19 |
Waxa intaa dheer in alaabta low-carbon loogu isticmaalo ProAsh-socodka sharciga brand-magacaabay concrete--soociddiisa STET ayaa sidoo kale soo kabsado haddii kale khasaariyey carbon unburned ee foomka of ash carbon-hodan Daqsi, EcoTherm ku tilmaamay™. EcoTherm uu qiimo shidaal muhiim ah oo si fudud loo soo celin karaa geedka awood koronto la isticmaalayo nidaamka STET EcoTherm noqo si loo yareeyo isticmaalka dhuxusha ee geedka ka. Marka EcoTherm baa lagu gubay in kuleeliyaha korontada, tamarta ka sari waa diinta-kar / uumi-heerkulka sare ka dibna si korantada hufnaan la mid ah sida dhuxusha, caadi ahaan 35%. beddelidda ee tamarta kabsaday kaamerada korontada ee nidaamka STET EcoTherm noqo waa laba ilaa saddex jeer ka badan in of technology ee tartan rasmi ah, halkaas oo tamarta la soo kabsaday sida kulaylka-hoose ee foomka of biyaha kulul, kaas oo la siidaayey in nidaamka biyaha kuleeliyaha feed. EcoTherm sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sida il of alumina in meelo cement, barakiciyay bauxite ka qaalisan, kaas oo sida caadiga ah gaadiid masaafo dheer. Isticmaalka EcoTherm ash-carbon sare midkood ee warshad koronto ama dusiyey meesha cement ka qabano kabashada tamarta ka dhuxusha ka dhiibay, yaraynta baahida loo qabo in kuwayga iyo gaadiid shidaal dheeraad ah si qalabka.
STET ee Talen Energy Brandon xeebaha, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, RWEnpower Aberthaw, iyo Korea South-East Power duuli dhirta ash oo dhan waxaa ka mid ah nidaamyada EcoTherm noqo.
geedi-soociddiisa STET ayaa loo isticmaalay ganacsi tan iyo markii 1995 waayo, beneficiation ash dhoobnayd ayaa ahbaa ka badan 20 milyan oo tan oo tayo sare leh duuli ash wax soo saarka la taaban karo. Kontoroolo ProAsh low-LOI ayaa hadda soo saaray la technology STET ee 12 xarumaha tamarta oo dhan Maraykanka, Canada, United Kingdom, Poland, iyo Republic of Korea. ash ProAshfly ayaa lagu ansixiyay in loo isticmaalo in ka badan 20 maamulka gobolka jid, iyo sidoo kale hay'adaha badan faahfaahinta kale. ProAsh ayaa sidoo kale shahaadada Standards Canadian Association iyo EN 450:2005 heerarka tayada ee Europe. goobaha processing Ash la isticmaalayo technology STET ku qoran yihiin Shaxda 5.
Ka dib markii scalping ku haboon ee wax badan oo, qalajiyo, iyo deagglomeration, duuli ash ka meelha warshad korontada soo kabsaday waa la dhimi karaa in content carbon isticmaalaya SEPARATOR STET commercialized suunka triboelectric ah. Tayada wax soo saarka Daqsi ash ah, ProAsh, iyadoo la isticmaalayo nidaamka STET ku saabsan wax-qub dib, u dhiganta ProAsh soo saaray ka ash dhoobnayd feed cusub. wax soo saarka ProAsh waa mid aad u si fiican u haboon oo la xaqiijiyay in wax soo saarka la taaban karo. The dib u soo kabashada iyo beneficiation of ash landfilled siin doonaa saad sii of ash oo tayo sare leh, waayo, soo saarayaasha la taaban karo in kasta oo ay wax soo saarka hoos u of ash "cusub" sida korontada dhuxul-rideen yareeyo Qarni. Intaa waxaa dheer, Quwadda u baahan in ash ka meelha si ay ula kulmaan beddelo xeerarka deegaanka ay awoodaan in ay isticmaalaan habka u beddeli karo deyn wax soo saarka qashinka ah oo wuxuu galay wax qiimo leh sida xawliga ah u soo saarayaasha la taaban karo ay noqon doontaa ka saar. Geedi-soociddiisa STET qalabka preprocessing feed for qalajiyo iyo deagglomerating ash dhoobnayd landfilled waa door soo jiidasho u beneficiation ash qiimaha weyn u hooseeya iyo qiiqa hoose marka la barbar dhigo sari kale- iyo nidaamyada sabeynta ee ku salaysan. ❖
1. American Dhuxul Ash Dhuxul sari Products iyo Isticmaalka Statistics, http://www.acaausa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports.
2. Report ST Gudaha, Aug. 1995.
3. in, T. X.; Schaefer, J. L.; Ban, H.; Neathery, J. K.; iyo Stencel, J. M., "Qallalan Beneficiation Processing ee sari Fly Ash,"Talaaboda Shirka DOE ku Unburned Carbon on Utility Fly Ash, Pittsburgh, PA, Laga yaabaa 19-20, 1998.
4. Baltrus, J. P.; Diehl, J. R.; Soong, Y.; iyo Sands, W., "Kala Triboelectrostatic ee Fly Ash iyo Dib-Charge,"Shiidaalka, V. 81, 2002, pp. 757-762.
5. Cangialosi, F.; Notarnicola, M.; Liberti, L.; iyo Stencel, J., "Doorka cimilada on Qaybinta Fly Ash Charge lagu jiro Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation,"Journal of Maaddooyinka Halista ah, V. 164, 2009, pp. 683-688.
Lewis Baker waa Manager Support Technical Yurub ee ST Qalabka & technology (STET) salaysan ee United Kingdom
Abhishek Gupta waa Engineer Geeddi-socodka ku salaysan ee warshad pilot STET iyo xarunta shaybaadhka ee Needham, MA.
Stephen Gasiorowski waa Research Senior saynisyahanka loogu talagalay ST Qalabka & technology (STET) salaysan ee New Hampshire.
Frank Hrach waa Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka ee Geeddi-socodka Engineering ku salaysan ee warshad pilot STET iyo xarunta shaybaadhka ee Needham, MA.
| Utility iyo xoogga station | Location | Start hawlgallada ganacsi | faahfaahinta Facility |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy-Roxboro Station | North Carolina | Sept. 1997 | 2 separators |
| Talen Energy-Brandon xeebaha Station | Maryland | Apr. 1999 | 2 separators 35,000 kaydinta ton Return Ecotherm qubbad 2008 |
| Shchotash (Lafarge / Scottish Power Joint Venture)-Longannet Station | Scotland, UK | Oct. 2002 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Jacksonville Electric Authority- St. John ayaa River Power Park, FL | Florida | Laga yaabaa 2003 | 2 separators Dhuxul / petcoke daryaa saarista ammonia |
| Maamulka South Mississippi Electric Power R.D. Morrow Station | Mississippi | Jan. 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm soo laabtay |
| New Brunswick Power Company Belledune Station | New Brunswick, Canada | Apr. 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR Dhuxul / petcoke daryaa soo laabtay Ecotherm |
| RWE loo kansalay Didcot Station | England, The | Aug. 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm soo laabtay |
| Talen Energy Brunner Island Station | Pennsylvania | Dec. 2006 | 2 separators 40,000 qubbad kaydinta ton |
| Tampa Electric Co. Big laab Station | Florida | Apr. 2008 | 3 separators, pass double 25,000 kaydinta ton saarista ammonia qubbad |
| OF loo kansalay Aberthaw Station (Lafarge Cement UK) | Wales, UK | Sept. 2008 | 1 SEPARATOR ammonia Ecotherm saarista soo laabtay |
| EDF Energy West Burton Station (Lafarge Cement UK, Cemex) | England, UK | Oct. 2008 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm soo laabtay |
| ZGP (Lafarge Cement Poland / Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | Mar. 2010 | 1 gaar ah |
| Units Korea South-East Power Yeongheung 5&6 | South Korea | Sept. 2014 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm soo laabtay |
| PGNiG-Siekierki Termika | Poland | qorsheeyey 2016 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm soo laabtay |
| Si Lagu Dhawaaqay | Poland | qorsheeyey 2016 | 1 SEPARATOR Ecotherm soo laabtay |
