Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation of Land Buuxinaya iyo Ponded Fly Ash

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Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation ah

Land Buuxinaya iyo Ponded Fly Ash

By Lewis Baker, Abhishek Gupta, Stephen Gasiorowski, iyo Frank Hrach

American Dhuxul Ash Ururka (ACAA) sahan sanadlaha ah ee wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka ash dhoobnayd dhuxusha ayaa sheegaya in inta u dhaxaysa 1966 iyo 2011, ka badan 2.3 bilyan oo tan gaaban ash dhoobnayd ayaa la soo saaray by kululeeyaha utility dhuxul-rideen.1 Of oo xaddi qiyaas ahaan 625 million tons ayaa beneficially isticmaalo, inta badan for cement iyo wax soo saarka la taaban karo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haray 1.7+ bilyan oo tan waxaa ugu horayn laga helaa meelha ama ka buuxsamay impoundments ponded. Inkasta oo heerka isticmaalka for ash dhoobnayd immika ahbaa ayaa aad u kordhay sannadihii la soo dhaafay, iyadoo heerarka hadda ku dhow 45%, ku dhowaad 40 million tons of ash dhoobnayd sii wadi in lagu qubo ee sannad kasta. Inkasta oo heerka isticmaalka ee Europe ayaa u badan ka badan ee Maraykanka, Muga badan ee ash dhoobnayd ayaa sidoo kale lagu kaydiyaa meelha iyo impoundments in qaar ka mid ah dalalka Yurub.

Recently, xiisaha kabsaday wax this tuuray ayaa kor u kacay, qayb ahaan sabab u tahay baahida loo qabo ash dhoobnayd oo tayo sare leh wax soo saarka la taaban karo oo cement inta lagu jiro xilliga a of-soo-saarka hoos u sida jiilka tamarta dhuxusha-riday ayaa hoos u dhacay ee Europe iyo North America. Su'aalaha ku saabsan saamaynta mudada dheer deegaanka meelha sida ayaa sidoo kale keentay in korontada si aad u hesho codsiyada isticmaalka faa'iido ash this kaydiyaa.

DHULKA BUUXISO TAYO ash iyo LOO BAAHAN YAHAY BENEFICIATION

Iyadoo qaar ka mid ah tani ash dhoobnayd kaydin laga yaabaa in ku haboon isticmaalka faa'iido sidii hore ka qotay, tirada ugu badan u baahan doonaan processing qaar ka mid ah in ay la kulmaan heerarka tayo leh cement ama wax soo saarka la taaban karo. Tan iyo wax ka caadi ayaa ilmadeeda si ay awood u maaraysay iyo compaction halka laga fogaado jiilka ciidda hawada, qalajiyo iyo deagglomeration waa shuruud lagama maarmaanka u ah isticmaalka ee la taaban karo tan iyo soo saarayaasha la taaban karo u baahan doontaa in la sii wado dhaqanka ee ash dhoobnayd batching mid qalalan ah, budo wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, halbawle Halabuurka kiimikada ee ash ku kulmay caddaymaha, gaar ahaan content carbon qiyaasay sidii khasaare-on-ka suuroggalaan (SHARCIGA), waa caqabad weyn. Sida isticmaalka ash dhoobnayd ayaa kor u kacay in ugu dambeeyey 20+ sano, ugu "ee Creech" ash ayaa beneficially isticmaalo, iyo ash tayada off-ka takhalusin. Sayidka, hoos LOI noqon doontaa shuruud u tahay isticmaalka tirada ugu badan ee ash dhoobnayd recoverable ka impoundments utility.

YAREYNTA LOI BY KALA TRIBOELECTRIC

Inkasta oo cilmi kale ayaa loo isticmaalaa farsamooyin sari iyo geedi socodka sabeynta ee dhimista LOI ee soo kabsaday landfilled iyo ponded ash dhoobnayd, ST Qalabka & Technologies (STET) ayaa lagu ogaaday in ay nidaamka kala go'idda suunka triboelectrostatic gaar ah, dheer loo isticmaalo beneficiation of ash dhoobnayd immika ahbaa, sidoo kale waa wax ku ool ah oo ku saabsan ash soo kabsaday ka dib markii lagu qalajiyo habboon iyo deagglomeration.

cilmi STET waxaan imtixaannay dhaqanka soociddiisa triboelectrostatic of ash qalajiyey landfilled ka dhowr meelha ash dhoobnayd ee Ameerika iyo Yurub. ash Tani kabsaday soocay ash aad u la mid ah in ay immika ahbaa la mid farqi la yaab leh: xukun walxaha la beddeli ka mid ah ash cusub la carbon ku amraya xun ee la xiriirta macdanta.2 cilmi kale nijaasta electrostatic of dhoobnayd carbon ash ayaa sidoo kale lagu arkay ifafaale this.3,4,5 polarity ee SEPARATOR ku STET triboelectrostatic si fudud loo beddeli karaa in ay oggolaadaan in diidmada carbon xun lagu soo eedeeyay oo laga helay ilo ash dhoobnayd landfilled qalajiyey. No beddelka gaar ah si ay design SEPARATOR ama gacanta ku lagama maarmaan u yihiin meel ifafaale this.

TECHNOLOGY ARARTA - duuli Ash KALA Carbon

In SEPARATOR carbon STET ah (Jaantuska 1), wax la quudiyey galay farqiga khafiif ah inta u dhaxaysa labada electrodes planar isku midka ah. qayb ka yihiin triboelectrically eedeeyay by xiriir interparticle. The carbon wanaagsan eedeeyay iyo macdanta xun eedeeyay (in ash immika ahbaa in aan la ilmadeeda oo la engejiyey) waxaa soo jiitay in electrodes soo horjeeda. qayb ka yihiin ka dibna isagoo xaaqan oo ay suunka dhaqaaqaan joogto ah iyo gaadhsiiyey jiho ka soo horjeeda. Suunka guuro qayb ka ku xiga si ay koronto kasta xagga ugu shishaysa soo horjeeda ee SEPARATOR ah. The xawaaraha suunka sare ayaa sidoo kale u saamaxaaya throughputs mid aad u sarreeya, ilaa 36 tan saacadiiba hal SEPARATOR a. Farqiga u yar, beerta danab sare, hortago qulqulka hadda, ficil caro walxaha-walxaha iyo is-nadiifinta xorta ah ee suunka on electrodes waa sifooyinka muhiimka ah

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of SEPARATOR ku STET. By gacanta beegyada uu nidaamka kala duwan, sida xawaaraha suunka, dhibic feed, iyo heerka feed, habka STET saarta ash dhoobnayd LOI hooseeyo ee ka kooban carbon ka yar 1.5 si ay u 4.5% ka dambas Daqsi feed ka bilowda in LOI ka 4% in ka badan 25%.

berdaha. 1 STET SEPARATOR processing qalajiyey, ash dhoobnayd landfilled

design SEPARATOR waa mid yara fudud oo is haysta. Mashiinka A loogu talagalay in lagu farsameeyo 40 metrik saacadiiba waa qiyaastii 30 ft. (9 m.) dheer, 5 ft. (1.5 m.) ballaaran, iyo 9 ft., m (2.75 m.) sare. The suunka iyo rollers la xiriira waa qaybo ka mid kaliya uusan u dhaqaaqin. electrodes waa taagan oo ka kooban qalab ah oo ku haboon raagaya. Suunka laga sameeyey caag ah non-tabinta. isticmaalka awoodda SEPARATOR ee ku saabsan tahay 1 kilowatt-saac tonne ee wax baaraandegi leh ugu xoogga baabbi'iyey laba matoorrada wadista suunka.

Geedi socodka gebi ahaanba qalalan, wuxuu u baahan yahay ma qalab dheeraad ah oo kale oo aan ahayn ash dhoobnayd iyo soo saarta oo aan lahayn biyo qashinka ama qiiqa hawada. The qalabka soo kabsaday ka kooban yihiin ash dhoobnayd hoos ku content carbon in heerka ku haboon in loo isticmaalo sida shaydi a pozzolanic ee la taaban karo, iyo jajab carbon sare waxtar leh sida shidaalka. Isticmaalka labada durdurrada wax soo saarka waxay bixisaa a 100% xal inuu u duulo dhibaatooyinka qubo ash.

PROASH® Kabsaday qabanaysa DHULKA

Afar ilaha ash ayaa laga helay meelha: Muunad ka warshad xoog ku yaalla United Kingdom iyo baarka B ee, C, iyo D ka Maraykanka. baarka intaas oo dhammu waxay ka koobnayd ash ka sari ee dhuxusha bituminous by kululeeyaha utility waaweyn. Sababo la intermingling mid ah waxyaabaha in meelha ugu, ma macluumaad dheeraad ah waxaa laga heli karaa ku saabsan il dhuxusha ama sari xaalado gaar ah.

The baarka sida helay by STET ku jira u dhexeeya 15% iyo 27% biyo waa caadiga ah ee wax landfilled. baarka ayaa sidoo kale ku jira xaddi badan oo kala duwan ee >1/8 inch (~ 3 mm) wax. Si aad u diyaariso tijaabada kala carbon, qashin badan oo laga saaray by baarista iyo baarka ka dibna la qalajiyey iyo deagglomerated ka hor beneficiation carbon. habab dhowr ah qalajiyo / deagglomeration lagu qiimeeyo ee pilot-miisaanka si ay tayadoodii habka guud. STET ayaa soo xushay ah industrially xaqiijiyay, nidaamka processing feed oo bixiya qalajiyo isku mar iyo deagglomeration lagama maarmaan kala electrostatic wax ku ool ah. A sheet socodka geedi socodka guud ee la soo bandhigay in Jaantuska 2.

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Jaantuska 2: Hab-Socodka Jaantuska

The guryaha oo ka mid ah baarka diyaar sidoo ahaayeen gudahood kala duwan ee ash dhoobnayd toos ah laga helay kululeeyaha caadiga ah utility. The guryaha ugu khuseeya labada quudintooda SEPARATOR iyo waxyaabaha lagu soo koobay Jadwalka 2 oo ay la socdaan wax soo saarka ka soo kabsaday.

KALA Carbon

tijaabooyin Carbon hoos u isticmaalaya SEPARATOR suunka triboelectric ku STET keentay in dib u soo kabashada aad u fiican ee wax soo saarka yar yahay LOI ka yimid dhammaan ilaha ash dhoobnayd afar-qub. xukun dambe ee carbon ah sida kor ku xusan ka wada hadleen ma xaqiro kala sinaba marka loo eego ka baaraandegidda ash cusub.

The sifooyinka ash dhoobnayd LOI hoos kabsaday la isticmaalayo habka STET ee ash labada immika laga soo ururiyey ee kuleeliyaha iyo ash ka qubka kabsaday waxa lagu soo koobay Shaxda 1. natiijooyinka ayaa muujinaya in tayada wax soo saarka for ProAsh ah® soo saaray qalab landfilled u dhiganta wax soo saarka oo laga helay ilo ash dhoobnayd cusub soo saaray.

Miis 1: Guryaha of feed oo ka soo dhacsaday ProAsh®.

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Qaab DHAB AH

The sifooyinka ProAsh ah® ee ka soo baxa wax-qub dib ayaa marka la barbar dhigo in ProAsh® soo saaray ka ash dhoobnayd cusub ee ay kululeeyaha korontada isku meel ka. ash The baaraandego dib la kulmay oo dhan qaaska ah ee ASTM C618 iyo heerarka AASHTO M250. Shaxda soo socota ayaa soo koobaya chemistry ee baarka ka laba ka mid ah ilaha ugu muujinaya farqiga u dhexeeya aan qiimo lahayn wax cusub iyo dib.

Miis 2: Ash Chemistry of ash LOI hooseeyo.

horumarinta Xoog of a 20% bedelay of ash ka caagan LOI yar hoobiye ah oo ay ku jiraan 600 LB cementitious / yd3 (Eeg Shaxda 3 hoos ku) tusay ProAsh ah® wax soo saarka ka soo jeeda ash landfilled koreen oo madaafiic xoog u dhigma hoobiye SAARAY isticmaalaya ProAsh® ka ash dhoobnayd cusub soo saaray isla goobta. wax soo saarka dhamaadka ash ku beneficiated dib taageeri lahaa dhamaadka sare isticmaalaa in industry ee la taaban karo oo waafaqsan booska aadka u qiimaha badan ProAsh® jecel yahay suuqa waxaa hadda u adeegtaa.

Miis 3: xoog compressive dhululubada madaafiic.

dhaqaalaha HABKA

helitaanka kharash yar gaaska dabiiciga ah ee USA ayaa aad kor u soo dhaqaalaha ee geedi socodka lagu qalajiyo, oo ay ku jiraan qalajiyo of ash dhoobnayd ayay ilmadeeda ka meelha. Miis 4 koobaya kharashka shidaalka hawlgallada ee USA ee 15% iyo 20% ka kooban qoyaan. tayo darida caadiga ah ee lagu qalajiyo waxaa ka mid ahaa in qiimaha xisaabiyaa. Kharashka ku salaysan yihiin mass mid ah waxyaabaha ka dib markii lagu qalajiyo. Kharashka kordhiyo waayo ash dhoobnayd qalajiyo for processing-soociddiisa triboelectrostatic STET hooseeya marka loo eego.

Miis 4: kharashka qalajiyo on salaysan mass qalajiyey.

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Xitaa dheer ee kharashka lagu qalajiyo feed, geedi-soociddiisa STET waxay bixisaa kharashka yar, industrially xaqiijiyay, nidaamka dhimista LOI of ash dhoobnayd landfilled. habka STET ee ash dhoobnayd dib waa mid ka mid saddex-meelood meel ka mid ah kala bar kharashka magaalada marka loo eego nidaamka sari ku salaysan. habka STET ee ash dhoobnayd dib uu sidoo kale leeyahay qiiqa si weyn uga yar in deegaanka marka loo eego sari ama nidaamyada sabeynta ee ku salaysan. Tan iyo markii ay isha keliya oo dheeraad ah hawada hawada si loo xirxiro habka STET caadiga ah waa qalajiyaha gaas-dabiici ah oo harqiyay, saamaxdo noqon lahaa fudud.

Kabsaday QIIMAHA Shidaal OF SARE-Carbon duuli Ash

Waxa intaa dheer in alaabta carbon yar yahay si loogu isticmaalo la taaban karo, brand ProAsh magacaabay®, geeddi-soociddiisa STET sidoo kale soo kabsado haddii kale khasaariyey carbon unburned ee foomka of ash carbon-hodan Daqsi, EcoTherm ku tilmaamay™. EcoTherm™ ayaa qiimaha shidaalka la taaban karo oo si fudud loo soo celin karaa geedka awood koronto la isticmaalayo EcoTherm STET ah™ Ku noqo nidaamka si loo yareeyo isticmaalka dhuxusha ee warshadda. Marka EcoTherm™ waxaa gubay kuleeliyaha korontada, tamarta ka sari waa diinta kar / uumi heerkulka sare ka dibna si korantada hufnaan la mid ah sida dhuxusha, caadi ahaan 35%. beddelidda ee tamarta kabsaday kaamerada korontada ee ST Qalabka & Technology LLC EcoTherm™ nidaamka noqo waa laba ilaa saddex jeer ka badan in of technology ee tartan rasmi ah, halkaas oo tamarta la soo kabsaday sida kulaylka-hoose ee foomka of biyo kulul oo la siidaayey in nidaamka biyaha kuleeliyaha feed. EcoTherm™ waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sida il of alumina in meelo cement, barakiciyay bauxite ka qaalisan kaas oo sida caadiga ah gaadiid masaafo dheer. Isticmaalka EcoTherm ah carbon sare™ dambas labada at warshad koronto ama dusiyey meesha cement a, qabano kabashada tamarta ka dhuxusha ka dhiibay, yaraynta baahida loo qabo in kuwayga iyo gaadiid shidaal dheeraad ah si qalabka.

STET ee Talen Energy Brandon xeebaha, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, RWEnpower Aberthaw, iyo Korea South-East Power duuli dhirta ash oo dhan waxaa ka mid ah EcoTherm™ nidaamyada noqo.

STET Ash QALABKA HABKA

geedi-soociddiisa STET ayaa loo isticmaalay ganacsi tan iyo markii 1995 waayo, beneficiation ash dhoobnayd ayaa ahbaa ka badan 20 milyan oo tan oo tayo sare leh duuli ash wax soo saarka la taaban karo. Kontoroolo LOI hooseeyo ProAsh Daqsi®, waxaa hadda la soo saaray iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamada STET ee kow iyo saldhigyada xoogga oo dhan ee Mareykanka, Canada, U.K. ah, Poland, iyo Republic of Korea. ProAsh® ash duuli ayaa lagu ansixiyay in loo isticmaalo in ka badan labaatan maamulka jid gobolka, iyo sidoo kale hay'adaha badan faahfaahinta kale. ProAsh® ayaa sidoo kale shahaadada Canadian Standards Association iyo EN 450:2005 heerarka tayada ee Europe. goobaha processing Ash la isticmaalayo technology STET ku qoran yihiin Shaxda 5.

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Miis 5. Duuli goobaha Ash Processing la isticmaalayo technology-soociddiisa STET

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GUNAANAD

Ka dib markii scalping ku haboon ee wax badan oo, qalajiyo, iyo deagglomeration, duuli ash ka meelha warshad korontada soo kabsaday waa la dhimi karaa in content carbon isticmaalaya SEPARATOR STET commercialized suunka triboelectric ah. Tayada wax soo saarka Daqsi ash ah, ProAsh® iyadoo la isticmaalayo nidaamka STET ku saabsan wax-qub dib u dhiganta ProAsh® soo saaray ka ash dhoobnayd feed cusub. ProAsh The® wax soo saarka waa mid aad u fiican oo la xaqiijiyay in wax soo saarka la taaban karo. The dib u soo kabashada iyo beneficiation of ash landfilled siin doonaa saad sii of ash tayo sare leh, waayo, soo saarayaasha la taaban karo in kasta oo ay wax soo saarka hoos u of ash "cusub" sida korontada dhuxul-rideen yareeyo Qarni. Intaa waxaa dheer, Quwadda u baahan in ash ka meelha si ay ula kulmaan beddelo xeerarka deegaanka saar awoodaan inay isticmaalaan habka u beddeli karo deyn wax soo saarka qashinka ah oo wuxuu galay wax qiimo leh sida xawliga ah u soo saarayaasha la taaban karo ay noqon doontaa. Geedi-soociddiisa STET qalabka feed pre-processing for qalajiyo iyo deagglomerating ash dhoobnayd landfilled waa door soo jiidasho u beneficiation ash qiimaha weyn u hooseeya iyo qiiqa hoose marka la barbar dhigo sari kale iyo nidaamka sabeynta ee ku salaysan.

tixraacyada

[1]American Dhuxul Ash Dhuxul waxyaabaha sari iyo Isticmaalka Statistics: http://www.acaa- usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports.

[2]Warbixinta gudaha ST, August 1995.

[3]in,T.X,. Schaefer, JL, Ban, H., Neathery, J.K., iyo Stencel, J.M. Qalalan Beneficiation Processing ee sari Fly Ash, Talaaboda Shirka DOE ku Carbon Unburned on Utility Fly Ash, Laga yaabaa 19 20, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.

[4]Baltrus, J.P., Diehl, J.R., Soong, Y., Sands, W. separation Triboelectrostatic of ash dhoobnayd iyo dib u noqoshada lacag, shidaal 81, (2002) pp.757-762.

[5]Cangialosi, F., Notarnicola, M., Liberti, L, Stencel, J. Doorka cimilada on Daqsi qaybinta lacag ash inta lagu guda jiro beneficiation triboelectrostatic, Journal of Maaddooyinka Halista ah, 164 (2009) pp.683-688.

qorayaasha

Lewis Baker waa Manager Support Technical Yurub ee ST Qalabka & technology (STET) salaysan ee United Kingdom

Abhishek Gupta waa Engineer Geeddi-socodka ku salaysan ee warshad Technologies Kala pilot iyo shaybaarka xarunta, STET Technical Center, 101 Hampton Ave, Needham MA 02494 +1-781-972-2300

Dr. Stephen Gasiorowski, Ph.D. waa Research Senior saynisyahanka loogu talagalay ST Qalabka & technology (STET) salaysan ee Hampshire Cusub.

Frank Hrach waa Madaxweyne ku-xigeenka ee Geeddi-socodka Engineering ku salaysan ee warshad Technologies Kala pilot iyo shaybaarka xarunta, STET Technical Center, 101 Hampton Ave, Needham MA 02494 +1-781-972-2300