Họrọ asụsụ:
STET Triboelectrostatic separation has been used for the commercial beneficiation of coal combustion fly ash to produce a low carbon product for use as a cement replacement in concrete for nearly 20 afọ ....
download PDFF. Hrach, S. Gasiorowski, H.Guicherd
ST Equipment & Technologies LLC (STET), 101 Hampton Avenue, Needham MA 02494 USA
Conference: Vietbuild Ho Chi Minh City - June 2015
Keywords: Triboelectrostatic, Beneficiation, Akọrọ ada uyi, Carbon Nkewa nkịtị
STET Triboelectrostatic nkewa e ji mee ihe maka azụmahịa beneficiation nke coal combustion ada uyi na-emepụta a ala carbon ngwaahịa maka iji dị ka a cement nnọchi na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka afọ iri abụọ. na 18 separators na 12 coal-chụọ n'ọrụ ike osisi gafee ụwa, ST Equipment & Technology LLC si (STET) patented electrostatic separator e iji na-emepụta n'elu 15 Nde ise ala carbon ngwaahịa.
Ruo taa, azụmahịa beneficiation nke ada uyi a rụrụ nanị na akọrọ "ọsọ nke ebe" ash. STET si electrostatic beneficiation technology ebelata carbon ọdịnaya nke coal ada uyi, amị na-agbanwe agbanwe, ala carbon ash maka iji dị ka a dochie anya cement. Ofufe ash na carbon etoju ruo 25% na e ji na-emepụta ash na a na-achịkwa carbon larịị nke 2 ± 0.5%. A carbon-ọgaranya ngwaahịa na-n'out oge na-emepụta na-agbake na mmanụ ụgbọala uru nke carbon.
OKWU
The American Kol Ash Association (ACAA) kwa afọ e mere na nke mmepụta na ojiji nke coal ada uyi na-akọ na n'etiti 1966 na 2011, n'elu 2.3 ijeri obere tọn ada uyi e mepụtara coal-chụọ n'ọrụ na ịba uru boilers.1 Of a ego, dị 625 nde tọn e bara uru na-eji, ukwuu n'ime ka simenti na ihe mmepụta. Otú ọ dị, nke fọdụrụ 1.7+ nde tọn na-isi hụrụ na landfills ma ọ bụ jupụtara ponded impoundments. Mgbe itinye n'ọrụ ọnụego maka freshly eme ada uyi amụbawo nke ukwu n'elu-adịbeghị anya, na ugbu a udu nso 45%, dị 40 nde tọn ada uyi ka na-ewekarị nke kwa afọ. Mgbe itinye n'ọrụ udu ke Europe ndidi nnọọ elu karịa na US, bukwanu mpịakọta nke ada uyi nakwa na e echekwara na landfills na impoundments na ụfọdụ mba Europe. Gabigara ego nke unburned carbon na ada uyi bụ ihe kasị nkịtị nsogbu. The American Association of State Highway na Transportation ọchịchị (AASHTO) na European Standards (EN 450 Category A) na-achọ ka ego nke unburned carbon na ada uyi, tùa site ọnwụ na mgbanye (iWU) gafere 5% site ibu. Otú ọ dị, malite na ufọt ufọt 1990s, echichi nke chọrọ NOx akara ngwa na coal-chụọ n'ọrụ ike osisi mụbara carbon (iWU) ọdịnaya nke ukwuu nke na mbụ marketable ada uyi. Ọzọkwa chọrọ iji belata NOx na ndị ọzọ na ike osisi umu anwuru-akpatawo ndị ofufe nke ada uyi na amonia. N'ihi ya, mgbe na-aghọta uru nke na-eji ada uyi na ihe na-aga n'ihu na-amụba, nnweta adabara quality ada uyi na-kpukpru usen. Filiks ka aku na uba beneficiate anya-quality ada uyi bụ otú ahụ nwekwara nke na-amụba mmasị na ike na ihe ọrụ. STET ka sụrụ ụzọ ndị dị otú ahụ Filiks ma carbon na amonia mwepụ si ada uyi.
Technology Isi - ada uyi carbon NKEWA
Na STET carbon separator (Ọgụgụ 1), ihe nri n'ime mkpa ọdịiche n'etiti abụọ yiri planar electrodes. The ahụ na-triboelectrically boro ebubo site interparticle
kọntaktị. The ghaghị ebubo carbon na-ezighị ezi na ebubo ịnweta (na freshly eme ash nke e wetted na Fikiere) na-dọtara na-abụghị electrodes. The ahụ na-ahụ kpochapụ elu site a na-aga n'ihu na-akpali akpali belt na ekekpepde na-abụghị ntụziaka. The belt na-akpali ndị ahụ n'akụkụ ọ bụla electrode n'ebe abụghị nsọtụ nke separator. The elu belt ọsọ na-enyere nnọọ elu throughputs, ruo 36 ise kwa hour na a otu separator. The obere ọdịiche, elu voltaji ubi, countercurrent eruba, ike urughuru-urughuru n'ahụhụ na onwe-ihicha ihe nke belt na electrodes bụ oké egwu atụmatụ nke STET separator. Site ịchịkwa dị iche iche usoro parameters, dị ka belt ọsọ, ndepụta ebe, na ndepụta ọnụego, na STET usoro arụpụta ala LOI ada uyi na carbon ọdịnaya nke na-erughị 1.5 ka 4.5% si oriri ada ntụ sitere na LOI si 4% karịrị 25%.
fig. 1 STET separator
The separator imewe bụ dịtụ mfe na kọmpat. A igwe iji hazie 36 ise kwa hour bụ mkpokọta 9 m (30 ft.) ogologo, 1.5 m (5 ft.) obosara, na 2.75 m (9 ft.) elu. The belt na metụtara rollers bụ naanị na-akpụ akpụ akụkụ. The electrodes bụ anyịnya na esịnede ihe n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị inogide ihe. The belt ka nke nonconductive plastic. The separator ike oriri bụ banyere 1 kilowatt-hour kwa tonne nke ihe onwunwe esichara na ọtụtụ ndị ike gwusia site abụọ Motors ụgbọala belt.
The usoro kpamkpam akọrọ, na-achọ ọ ọzọ ihe ndị ọzọ karịa nke ada uyi ma na-amị dịghị wastewater ma ọ bụ ikuku anwuru. The natara ihe iso nke ada uyi ebelata ke carbon ọdịnaya etoju kwesịrị ekwesị maka dị ka a pozzolanic admixture na ihe, na a elu carbon nta bara uru dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala. Itinye n'ọrụ nke ma ngwaahịa iyi na-enye a 100% ngwọta ofufe ash mkpofu nsogbu.
Natara mmanụ uru nke elu-carbon ada uyi
Na mgbakwunye na ala carbon ngwaahịa maka ojiji na ihe, ika aha ya bụ ProAsh®, na STET nkewa usoro nwekwara Recovers ma egbughị unburned carbon n'ụdị carbon-ọgaranya ada uyi, ewere EcoTherm™. EcoTherm™ nwere ịrịba mmanụ ụgbọala uru na ike mfe-laghachiri electric ike osisi iji STET EcoTherm™ Laghachi usoro iji belata coal ojiji na osisi. mgbe EcoTherm™ na-akpọ ya na ịba uru ji esi mmiri ọkụ, ume site combustion na-ghọrọ ka elu nsogbu / elu-okpomọkụ uzuoku na mgbe ahụ ka ọkụ eletrik n'otu arụmọrụ dị ka coal, a na 35%. The akakabarede nke natara thermal ike ọkụ eletrik na ST Equipment & Technology LLC EcoTherm™ Laghachi usoro bụ abụọ na atọ ugboro elu karịa nke asọmpi technology ebe ume natara dị ka ala-ọkwa okpomọkụ n'ụdị mmiri ọkụ nke a na-ekesa na ji esi mmiri ọkụ oriri mmiri usoro. EcoTherm™ a na-eji dị ka isi iyi nke silica na alumina na simenti kilns, displacing ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ ngwaọrụ, dị ka shale ma ọ bụ bauxite, nke na-eji ciment mmepụta. Tinye n'ọrụ elu carbon EcoTherm™ Ash ma na a ike osisi ma ọ bụ a cement n'ekwú ọkụ, maximizes ume mgbake si napụta coal, mbenata mkpa egwupụtakwa na ibufe ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala na ụlọ ọrụ.
STET si Talen Energy Brandon mben, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, na RWEnpower Aberthaw ofufe ash osisi, niile na-agụnye EcoTherm™ laghachi usoro. The dị oké mkpa mmiri nke usoro na-adade ke ọgụgụ 2.
fig. 2 EcoTherm™ laghachi usoro
STET Ash nhazi akụrụngwa
Na-achịkwa ala LOI ada uyi na-emepụta na STET si technology na iri na abụọ ike ụgbọ ofụri Amerịka, Canada, na U.K., Poland, na Republic of Korea. ProAsh® ofufe ash
e mma maka site n'elu iri abụọ ala okporo ụzọ ọchịchị, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na nkọwapụta ụlọ ọrụ. ProAsh® nwekwara e gbaara n'okpuru Canadian Standards Association na EN 450:2005 àgwà ụkpụrụ na Europe. Ash nhazi ụlọ ọrụ iji STET technology na-depụtara na Isiokwu 1.
Isiokwu 1. STET Commercial Operations
| Utility / Power Station | Location | Malite nke Commercial arụmọrụ | Facility Nkọwa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy - Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | Sept. 1997 | 2 Separators |
| Energy asụsụ - Brandon mben Station | Maryland USA | April 1999 | 2 Separators 35,000 ton nchekwa dome. Ecotherm ™ Lọghachinụ 2008 |
| ScotAsh (Lafarge / Scottish Power Joint Venture) - Longannet Station | Scotland UK | Oct. 2002 | 1 separator |
| Jacksonville Electric Authority - St. Jọn River Power Park, FL | Florida USA | Ka 2003 | 2 Separators Kol / Petcoke blends amonia mwepụ |
| South Mississippi Electric Power Authority R.D. Morrow Station | Mississippi USA | Jan. 2005 | 1 separator Ecotherm ™ Lọghachinụ |
| New Brunswick Power Company Belledune Station | New Brunswick, Canada | April 2005 | 1 separator Kol / Petcoke ejikọta Ecotherm ™ Lọghachinụ |
| OF npower Didcot Station | England UK | August 2005 | 1 separator Ecotherm ™ Lọghachinụ |
| Gwa Energy Brunner Island Station | Pennsylvania USA | December 2006 | 2 Separators 40,000 Ton nchekwa dome |
| Tampa Electric Co. Big Bend Station | Florida USA | April 2008 | 3 Separators, abụọ ngafe 25,000 Ton nchekwa dome amonia mwepụ |
| OF npower Aberthaw Station (Lafarge ciment UK) | Wales UK | September 2008 | 1 separator amonia mwepụ Ecotherm ™ Lọghachinụ |
| EDF Energy West Burton Station (Lafarge Cement UK, Cemex) | England UK | October 2008 | 1 separator Ecotherm ™ Lọghachinụ |
| ZGP (Lafarge Cement Poland / Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | March 2010 | 1 separator |
| Korea South-East Power Yeongheung Units 5&6 | South Korea | September 2014 | 1 separator Ecotherm ™ Lọghachinụ |
| Lafarge Cement Poland Warsaw | Poland | 2016 | 1 separator |
Mkpebi
Ịnwetacha uru itinye n'ọrụ nke ada uyi ka a cement dochie na ihe mmepụta n'ụzọ ebelata carbon dioxide umu anwuru metụtara na-ewu ụlọ ndị. Otú ọ dị, mmetọ akara usoro emejuputa atumatu oru site na coal-chụọ n'ọrụ ike ụgbọ akpatawo a Mbelata dị ada uyi nzukọ ihe-ọkwa nkọwa. Ọzọkwa Ihere ada uyi quality na-atụ anya ya ruru ka n'ihu mbelata allowable gas umu anwuru. Iji zere ọnwụ nke a bara uru nke ihe n'ihi na ihe mmepụta nakwa dị ka Mbelata nke si na greenhouse gas umu anwuru metụtara na ihe na-ewu, Filiks weghachi àgwà nke ada uyi na akụ na ụba na environmentally viable ụzọ na-mkpa.
The beneficiation nke ada uyi na STET Filiks n'ihu enwekwu ọkọnọ nke a dị mkpa ihe onwunwe. The STET beneficiation Filiks-anọgide na-abụ ihe kasị ọtụtụ etinyere ụzọ iji kwalite ma unusable ada uyi na elu-uru ihe maka cement nnọchi na ihe. Iri na asatọ SETT carbon separators bụ ugbu a na ebe na n'elu 100 igwe-afọ nke ọrụ.
ProAsh® hụrụ mbara inara ihe ụlọ ọrụ dị ka a adịchaghị ada uyi na-achọ nnọọ nta nlekota nke ikuku entrainment chọrọ ruru ka obere LOI mgbanwe karịa ndị ọzọ na ntụ. Iweghachi elu-carbon uche si STET usoro na ji esi mmiri ọkụ na a ike osisi na-enye ohere mgbake nke natara carbon mmanụ ụgbọala uru na ihe arụmọrụ yiri coal. STET awade echekwa esi naghachi ash maka elu-uru ojiji a gaara agụrụ landfilled. Electrostatic carbon nkewa na Ecotherm™ laghachi ji esi mmiri ọkụ na-enye a modular ngwọta a na ịba uru si ada uyi mkpa. Ndị a Filiks nwere ike na-emejuputa atumatu na n'ụzọ, ma ọ bụ dị ka a otu oru ngo.
References
[1] American Kol Ash Kol combustion ngwaahịa na Jiri Statistics:
https://www.acaa-usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports/
