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STET Triboelectrostatic separation has been used for the commercial beneficiation of coal combustion fly ash to produce a low carbon product for use as a cement replacement in concrete for nearly 20 years….
KoperaniF. Hrach, S. Gasiorowski, H.Guicherd
cha ku Switzerland Zida & umisiri LLC (STET), 101 nyumba ya Hampton Avenue, Needham MA 02494 USA
msonkhano: Vietbuild Ho Chi Minh City - June 2015
Keywords: Triboelectrostatic, Beneficiation, Youma Ntchentche Ash, Mpweya Kupatukana Mkota
STET Triboelectrostatic kulekana lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa beneficiation malonda a malasha kuyaka ntchentche phulusa kutulutsa otsika mpweya mankhwala ntchito mmalo simenti auzidwa kuti pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. ndi 18 separators mu 12 malasha amapanga zomera mphamvu pa dziko, cha ku Switzerland Zida & Technology LLC ndi (STET) setifiketi electrostatic olekanitsa lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kubala pa 15 tonnes miliyoni mpweya mankhwala otsika.
Mpaka pano, beneficiation malonda a ntchentche phulusa wakhala anachita yekha pouma "kutha kwa siteshoni" phulusa. STET a electrostatic beneficiation luso amachepetsa mpweya zili khala ntchentche phulusa, wobala zogwirizana, otsika mpweya phulusa ntchito m'malo simenti. Kuuluka phulusa ndi milingo mpweya mpaka 25% akhala kubala phulusa ndi kulamulidwa mpweya mlingo wa 2 ± 0.5%. A mankhwala kaboni wolemera imodzi amapangidwa kuti achire mafuta mtengo mpweya wa.
MAU OYAMBA
The American Malasha Ash Association (ACAA) pachaka kafukufuku kupanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malasha ntchentche phulusa inanena kuti pakati pa 1966 ndi 2011, pa 2.3 biliyoni matani yochepa ntchentche phulusa kukhala itapangidwa malasha amapanga zofunikira boilers.1 cha ndalamazo, pafupifupi 625 matani miliyoni akhala mopindulitsa ntchito, makamaka simenti ndi kupanga konkire. Komabe, otsalira 1.7+ matani biliyoni kwenikweni opezeka landfills anadzazidwa ponded impoundments. Ngakhale magwiritsidwe mitengo kwa mwatsopano kwaiye ntchentche phulusa awonjezera kwambiri pa zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi mitengo panopa pafupi 45%, pafupifupi 40 matani mamiliyoni a ntchentche phulusa akupitiriza kuwataya chaka. Ngakhale mitengo magwiritsidwe ku Ulaya akhala apamwamba kuposa mu US, mabuku ndithu ntchentche phulusa akhala kusungidwa mu landfills ndi impoundments m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya. An yambiri mpweya unburned mu ntchentche phulusa ndi vuto ambiri. The Association American wa State Highway ndi Mtengatenga Nduna (Aas ः kuti) ndipo Mfundo European (EN 450 Category A) amafuna kuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya unburned mu ntchentche phulusa, kuwayeza chitayiko poyatsira (LAMULO) musalumphe 5% ndi kulemera. Komabe, kuyambira m'ma 1990s, unsembe wa analamula NOx zida ulamuliro pa zomera malasha amapanga mphamvu adakula mpweya (LAMULO) zili zambiri kale malonda ntchentche phulusa. zofuna zinanso kuchepetsa NOx ndi mpweya wina magetsi zachititsa kuti asaipitsidwe ndi ntchentche phulusa ammonia. Motero, pamene kumvetsa ubwino ntchito ntchentche phulusa mu konkire akuchulukirachulukira, kupezeka kwa oyenera khalidwe ntchentche phulusa ikuchepa. Njira kwa chuma beneficiate kutali kwambiri ntchentche phulusa amakhala za kuwonjezeka chidwi mphamvu ndi konkire makampani. STET ali upainiya njira zimenezi kwa onse carbon ndi amoniya yogwilitsidwa ntchentche phulusa.
ZIPANGIZO ZAMAKONO mwachidule - ntchentche phulusa mpweya KUPATUKANA
Mu olekanitsa STET mpweya (chithunzi 1), chuma zimalowa kusiyana woonda pakati maelekitirodi awiri kufanana planar. particles ndi triboelectrically mlandu ndi interparticle
kukhudzana. The ndithu mlandu mpweya ndi mchere zoipa adawalamulira (mu phulusa mwatsopano kwaiye chimene sichinayambe wasambitsa ndi zouma) amakopeka maelekitirodi popenyana. particles kenako yosesa ndi yothandizira avundulidwe lamba ndi zoperekedwa mbali zosiyana. Lamba amasuntha particles pafupi wina ndi elekitirodi kwa malekezero wosiyana olekanitsa ndi. Mkulu lamba liwiro imathandizanso throughputs kwambiri, mpaka 36 tonnes paola pa olekanitsa limodzi. Kusiyana ang'onoang'ono, munda mkulu voteji, yopatsirana otaya, wolimba tinthu-tinthu mukubwadamuka ndi kudzikonda kuyeretsa kanthu lamba pa maelekitirodi ndi mbali yapadera ya olekanitsa STET. Ndi kulamulira magawo osiyanasiyana ndondomeko, monga liwiro lamba, mfundo chakudya, ndi mlingo chakudya, ndondomeko STET umabala otsika LOI ntchentche phulusa pa nkhani mpweya wa zosakwana 1.5 kuti 4.5% kwa chakudya ntchentche phulusa kuyambira mu LOI ku 4% zoposa 25%.
chith. 1 STET olekanitsa
Kamangidwe olekanitsa ndi osavuta ndi yaying'ono. A makina cholinga pokonza 36 tonnes paola pafupifupi 9 mamita (30 ft.) yaitali, 1.5 mamita (5 ft.) lonse, ndi 2.75 mamita (9 ft.) mkulu. Lamba ndi odzigudubuza okhudzidwa ndi mbali chabe kusuntha. maelekitirodi ndi n'kupuma ndi lopangidwa ndi zinthu moyenera cholimba. lamba wopangidwa pulasitiki nonconductive. The olekanitsa a mowa mphamvu za 1 kilowatt maola pa tonne zakuthupi kukonzedwa ndi ambiri a mphamvu yochuluka Motors awiri galimoto lamba.
ndondomeko ndi youma kwathunthu, amafuna palibe zipangizo zina ena kuposa ntchentche phulusa ndi kubala palibe madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito kapena mpweya mpweya. Zipangizo anachira zigwirizana ntchentche phulusa yafupika zili mpweya kuchepetsa oyenera ntchito ngati kusakanizikana pozzolanic auzidwa, ndi mkulu mpweya kachigawo zothandiza monga mafuta. Magwiritsidwe mitsinje mankhwala onse imapereka 100% njira kuuluka mavuto phulusa nazo.
Anachira MABATIRE KUFUNIKA KOVALA MKULU mpweya ntchentche phulusa
Kuwonjezera pa mpweya mankhwala otsika ntchito simenti, mtundu wotchedwa ProAsh®, ndi STET kupatukana ndondomeko komanso akuchira mwinamwake adadzonga unburned mpweya mu mawonekedwe a kaboni wolemera ntchentche phulusa, kuwasindikiza EcoTherm™. EcoTherm™ n'kopindulitsa kwambiri mafuta ndi mosavuta anabwerera ku mphamvu ya magetsi chomera ntchito STET EcoTherm™ Bwererani dongosolo kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito khala pa chomera. pamene EcoTherm™ ndi watentha kukatentha zofunikira, mphamvu kwa kuyaka ndi kutembenukira ku kuthamanga / mkulu-kutentha nthunzi ndipo kenako magetsi pa dzuwa chimodzimodzi monga malasha, amangoona 35%. Kutembenuka kwa anachira mphamvu matenthedwe kwa magetsi cha ku Switzerland Zida & Technology LLC EcoTherm™ Bwererani dongosolo ndi kawiri atatu apamwamba kuposa luso kupikisana mphamvu ndi kubwezeretsedwanso monga kutentha otsika kalasi mu mawonekedwe a madzi otentha amene akufalitsa kwa kukatentha chakudya dongosolo madzi. EcoTherm™ amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gwero la silika ndi aluminiyamu mu kilns simenti, chimakankhira zipangizo zodula yaiwisi, monga shale kapena bauxite, amene ntchito kupanga simenti. Kugwiritsa ntchito mkulu mpweya EcoTherm™ phulusa kapena pa magetsi kapena uvuni simenti, maximizes ayambe mphamvu khala anapulumutsa, kuchepetsa kufunika kwanga ndi kunyamula mafuta ena owonjezera kuti malowa.
STET a Talen Energy Brandon Shores, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, ndipo RWEnpower Aberthaw kuwuluka zomera phulusa, zonse zili EcoTherm™ kachitidwe Bwererani. The zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika a dongosolo ndi kuperekedwa Chithunzi 2.
chith. 2 EcoTherm™ dongosolo Bwererani
STET phulusa processing NYUMBA
Ankalamulira otsika LOI ntchentche phulusa amapangidwa ndi luso STET pa khumi ndi ziwiri zopangira magetsiwa mu okhudza za boma la, Canada, ndi U.K., Poland, ndi Republic of Korea. ProAsh® kuuluka phulusa
kwavomelezedwa ntchito ndi makumi awiri akuluakulu msewu boma, komanso mabungwe ena ambiri mfundo. ProAsh® wakhalanso aŵiri pansi pa Canada Mfundo Association ndi EN 450:2005 mfundo khalidwe Europe. Ash processing maofesi ntchito luso STET zalembedwa mu Table 1.
Table 1. STET malonda Ntchito
| Kagwiritsidwe / Station mphamvu | Location | Ndinayamba malonda ntchito | Tsatanetsatane malo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy – Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | Sept. 1997 | 2 Separators |
| zinenero Energy - Brandon Shores Station | Maryland USA | April 1999 | 2 Separators 35,000 tani yosungirako mzikiti. Ecotherm™ Return 2008 |
| Shchotash (Lafarge / Scottish Mphamvu olowa ankapitabe) - Longannet Station | Scotland UK | Oct. 2002 | 1 olekanitsa |
| Jacksonville Authority Zamagetsi - St. Yohane Mtsinje Mphamvu Park, FL | Florida USA | mulole 2003 | 2 Separators Malasha / Petcoke zikulumikizana amoniya Kuchotsa |
| South Mississippi Electric Power Authority R.D. Morrow Station | Mississippi USA | Jan. 2005 | 1 olekanitsa Ecotherm™ Return |
| New Brunswick Power Company Belledune Station | chatsopano Brunswick, Canada | April 2005 | 1 olekanitsa Malasha / Petcoke zikulumikizana Ecotherm™ Return |
| OF npower Didcot Station | England UK | August 2005 | 1 olekanitsa Ecotherm™ Return |
| Zilankhulo Energy Brunner Island Station | Pennsylvania USA | December 2006 | 2 Separators 40,000 Tani yosungirako mzikiti |
| Tampa Zamagetsi Co. Big Bend Station | Florida USA | April 2008 | 3 Separators, awiri chikudutsa 25,000 Tani yosungirako mzikiti amoniya Kuchotsa |
| OF npower Aberthaw Station (Lafarge polimbikitsa UK) | Wales UK | September 2008 | 1 olekanitsa amoniya Kuchotsa Ecotherm™ Return |
| EDF Energy West Burton Station (Lafarge simenti UK, Cemex) | England UK | October 2008 | 1 olekanitsa Ecotherm™ Return |
| ZGP (Lafarge simenti Poland / Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | March 2010 | 1 olekanitsa |
| Korea South-East Mphamvu Yeongheung mayunitsi 5&6 | Korea South | September 2014 | 1 olekanitsa Ecotherm™ Return |
| Lafarge simenti Poland Warsaw | Poland | 2016 | 1 olekanitsa |
Mawuwo
Maximizing ndi magwiritsidwe wa ntchentche phulusa m'malo simenti kupanga konkire zayamba amachepetsa mpweya woipa kugwirizana ndi ntchito yomangayi. Komabe, ulamuliro kuipitsa machitidwe zagwiridwa ndi malo mphamvu malasha amapanga zachititsa kuti anthu kuchepetsa zilipo ntchentche phulusa msonkhano specifications konkire amasankha. kudzitsitsa Komanso wa khalidwe ntchentche phulusa chikuyembekezeka chifukwa kuchepetsedwa mopitirira mu mpweya woipawu kololeka. Pofuna kupewa imfa ya gwero yothandiza mfundo za kupanga konkire komanso kuchepetsa mpweya mpweya woipa kugwirizana ndi kumanga konkire, njira kwa kubwezeretsa khalidwe la ntchentche phulusa mu njira zachuma ndi zachilengedwe yotheka akufunika.
The beneficiation wa ntchentche phulusa njira STET zina kumawonjezera kotunga nkhaniyi zofunika. Njira STET beneficiation kupitiriza kukhala njira kwambiri kwambiri ntchito Sinthani mwinamwake unusable ntchentche phulusa zipangizo mkulu mtengo kwa simenti m'malo auzidwa. Khumi SETT mpweya separators panopa mu malo oposa 100 makina zaka ntchito.
ProAsh® wapeza kuvomereza lonse makampani konkire monga umafunika ntchentche phulusa zofuna zochepa kwambiri kuwunika zofunika mpweya entrainment chifukwa zochepa LOI masiyanidwe kuposa phulusa ena. Tikaonanso mkulu mpweya maganizo ndi ntchito STET kuti kukatentha pa amagetsi zimathandiza kuchira wa anachira mpweya mtengo mafuta pa dzuwa ndi ofanana malasha. STET amapereka kudzera ndalama kuti achire phulusa ntchito yapamwamba mtengo imene tikanafunika landfilled. Electrostatic mpweya kupatukana ndi Ecotherm™ kubwerera ku kukatentha kupereka yankho yodziyimira payokha zosowa ntchentche phulusa ndi zofunikira za. njira izi zikhoza akuyendera magawo, kapena ngati ntchito limodzi.
Mabuku
[1] American Malasha Ash Malasha mankhwala kuyaka ndi Ntchito Kafukufuku:
https://www.acaa-usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports/
