Bauxite Beneficiation Electrostatic

Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyenga bauxite kukhala aluminiyamu, njira ya Bayer, kumaphatikizapo kusungunula Al2O3 mu thanthwe la bauxite ndi caustic soda (NaOH) pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika. Gawo la Al2O3 la bauxite limasungunuka kukhala yankho, kuti pambuyo pake atulutsidwe ngati aluminiyamu. Komabe, bauxite yapamwamba imakhala ndi mpaka 60% Al2O3, ndipo ma depositi ambiri a bauxite ali pansi apa, nthawi inafika pamene 30-40% Al2O3. Chifukwa mankhwala ankafuna ndi mkulu chiyero Al2O3, ndi oxides otsala mu bauxite ndi (Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2, Zakuthupi) amasiyanitsidwa ndi Al2O3 ndipo amakanidwa ngati malo oyeretsera aluminiyamu amakhala (ARR) kapena matope ofiira. Mwambiri, m'munsi mkhalidwe wa bauxite (ie otsika Al2O3 zili) matope ofiira kwambiri amapangidwa pa tani imodzi ya alumina. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale ena a Al2O3 okhala ndi mchere, alimiwa kaolinite, kutulutsa zotsatira zoyipa panthawi yoyenga ndikupangitsa kuchuluka kwa matope ofiira, komanso kufa mtengo caustic koloko mankhwala, yaikulu variable mtengo mu bauxite kuyenga.

Matope ofiira kapena ARR akuimira lalikulu ndi kupita amavutika makampani zotayidwa. Matope ofiira lili kwambiri yotsalira caustic mankhwala zotsala kuchokera kuyenga, ndipo kwambiri zamchere, Nthawi zambiri ndi pH a 10 - 13. Amapangidwa m'mabuku akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi – malinga ndi USGS, Akuti padziko lonse aluminiyamu kupanga anali 121 matani miliyoni mu 2016. Izi ziyenera kuti zinapangitsa zambiri kuposa 150 matani mamiliyoni matope ofiira kwaiye panthaŵiyinso. Ngakhale kafukufuku kupitirirabe, matope ofiira panopa ali ochepa njira malonda yotheka kwa opindulitsa kukonzanso ntchito. Akuti kwenikweni matope ofiira ndi mopindulitsa kukonzanso ntchito padziko lonse. M'malo mwake matope ofiira amakankhidwa kuchokera kumalo oyeretsera aluminiyamu kupita kumalo osungiramo zinthu kapena zotayirapo, kumene kusungidwa ndi kuunikira pa mtengo waukulu.

Imfa ya mtengo caustic koloko (NaOH) ndipo m'badwo wa matope ofiira onse amagwirizana ndi ubwino wa bauxite wogwiritsidwa ntchito poyenga. Mwambiri, m'munsimu Al2O3 zili mu bauxite, ikuluikulu buku la matope ofiira kuti adzakhala kwaiye, monga magawo omwe si a Al2O3 amakanidwa ngati matope ofiira. Kuphatikiza apo, kumtunda kwa kaolinite kapena silika yokhazikika ya bauxite, matope kwambiri wofiira adzakhala kwaiye. Zomwe zimapangidwira za silika sizimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa matope ofiira, komanso amadya caustic soda reagent ndi kuchepetsa zokolola za Al2O3 anachira kuchokera bauxite. Choncho, pali mtsutso wachuma ndi chilengedwe womwe uyenera kupangidwa pakuwongolera mtundu wa bauxite musanayengedwe.

The STET youma kupatukana ndondomeko umafuna bauxite opanga kapena refiners bauxite mwayi kuchita chisanadze Bayer-ndondomeko kukulitsa miyala bauxite yowongolera. Njira imeneyi phindu ambiri:

• Kuchepetsa zikugwira ntchito mtengo wa fakitale chifukwa mowa apansi koloko caustic ndi kuchepetsa athandizira zotakasika silika.
• Kupulumutsa mphamvu pakuyenga chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma oxide a inert (Fe2O3, TiO2, Non-reactive SiO2) kulowa ndi bauxite. Kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa bauxite kupita kumalo oyeretsera kumabweretsa mphamvu zochepa pakutentha ndi kupanikizana.
• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matope ofiira (ie – matope ofiira kuti chiŵerengero aluminiyamu) pochotsa silika ndi ma oxide a inert.
• Kuwongolera kolimba pakuyika kwa bauxite kumalo oyeretsera kumachepetsa kusokonezeka kwa njira ndikulola oyenga kulunjika mulingo woyenera wa silica kuti apititse kukana zonyansa..
• Kuwongolera kwabwino kwa chakudya cha bauxite kupita kumalo oyeretsera kumachepetsa kusokonezeka kwadongosolo, kumawonjezera nthawi komanso zokolola.
• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matope ofiira kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wocheperako wamankhwala ndi kutaya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo otayirako zakale..
• Mosiyana ndi matope ofiira, tailings kuchokera youma ndondomeko electrostatic mulibe mankhwala sanena nthawi yaitali zachilengedwe yosungirako udindo pa.
• Mosiyana ndi matope ofiira, dry by-products/tailings from a bauxite processing operation can be utilized in cement manufacture as there is no requirement to remove the sodium, chimene chimawononga kupanga simenti. Pamenepo – Bauxite ndi kale zopangira zopangira simenti ku Portland.
• Wonjezerani moyo wogwira ntchito wa mgodi wa bauxite womwe ulipo kale mwa kuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka miyala ndi kuchira bwino.
• STET ndi mtengo wotsika mtengo, mkulu throughput mosalekeza ndondomeko. Palibe madzi kapena mankhwala ofunikira.