Khetha ulimi:
STET Triboelectrostatic separation has been used for the commercial beneficiation of coal combustion fly ash to produce a low carbon product for use as a cement replacement in concrete for nearly 20 years….
Landa i-PDFF. Hrach, S. Gasiorowski, H.Guicherd
ST Izinsiza kusebenza & Technologies LLC (STET), 101 Hampton Avenue, Needham MA 02494 USA
INGQUNGQUTHELA: Vietbuild Ho Chi Minh City - Juni 2015
Amagama abalulekile: Triboelectrostatic, samaminerali, Dry Fly Ash, Carbon Ngokwahlukana abstract
STET Triboelectrostatic ngokwahlukana isetshenzisiwe kokuzuza commercial amalahle omlilo impukane umlotha ukukhiqiza carbon umkhiqizo ongaphakeme ukusetshenziswa njengendlela esikhundleni usimende ukhonkolo for cishe engamashumi amabili. nge 18 separators e 12 izitshalo amalahle ngamalahle amandla emhlabeni jikelele, ST Izinsiza kusebenza & Ubuchwepheshe LLC sika (STET) lobunikazi isihlukanisi electrostatic isetshenzisiwe ukukhiqiza phezu 15 Million amathani ongaphakeme carbon umkhiqizo.
Kuze kube manje, lokuhlomulisa commercial ezindizayo umlotha eye eyenziwa kuphela ezomile "run of esiteshini" umlotha. electrostatic lokuhlomulisa ubuchwepheshe STET kunciphisa okuqukethwe carbon kwamalahle impukane umlotha, esikhiqiza uhambisane, ongaphakeme-carbon umlotha ukusetshenziswa njengendlela esikhundleni usimende. Fly umlotha nge amazinga carbon kuze kufinyelele 25% ziye zasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza umlotha nge elawulwa carbon ezingeni 2 ± 0.5%. Umkhiqizo carbon-ocebile is kanyekanye ekhiqizwa sokutakula Inani uphethiloli we-carbon.
ISINGENISO
I-American yamalahle Ash Association (ACAA) ucwaningo lonyaka ka kukhiqizwa futhi kusetshenziswa amalahle impukane umlotha ibika ukuthi phakathi 1966 futhi 2011, phezu 2.3 bhiliyoni amathani esifushane impukane umlotha ukuba yakhiqizwa amalahle ngamalahle Umbuso boilers.1 Kuleli nani, cishe 625 amathani kwesigidi ziye ezizuzisayo lisetshenziswe, ikakhulu for usimende kanye ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo. Nokho, okusele 1.7+ amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-ngokuyinhloko ezitholakala landfills noma egcwele impoundments ponded. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa izilinganiso asanda elakhiwe impukane umlotha baye lenyuka kakhulu kuleminyaka edlulile, nge amanani zamanje eduze 45%, cishe 40 amathani ayizigidi ezingu-fly umlotha uyaqhubeka ukuze akulahle ngonyaka. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa amazinga e-Europe bebelokhu ephakeme kakhulu kunalokho e-US, amavolumu enkulu impukane umlotha tiphindze elondolozwe ku landfills kanye impoundments kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Isamba ngokweqile carbon unburned e impukane umlotha inkinga ezivamile. I-American Association of State Highway no Ezokuthutha Izikhulu (Aas ः ukuze) futhi European Amazinga (EN 450 Isigaba A) adinga ukuthi inani carbon unburned e impukane umlotha, kukalwa ukulahlekelwa ku ukuthungela (UMTHETHO) singadluli 5% ngesisindo. Nokho, kusukela maphakathi no-1990, ukufakwa igunyazwe Nox imishini ukulawula izitshalo zikagesi ezisebenza ngamalahle wadubula anda carbon (UMTHETHO) okuqukethwe okukhuthazwa ngaphambilini izothandwa impukane umlotha. izidingo ephakeme ukunciphisa Nox nezinye kwekhabhoni amandla plant okuye kwaholela ukungcoliswa impukane umlotha i-ammonia. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyilapho ukuqonda izinzuzo usebenzisa impukane umlotha ukhonkolo liyaqhubeka landa, ukutholakala izinga efanelekayo impukane umlotha lehla. Izinqubo ukuze kwezomnotho beneficiate off-izinga fly ash kukhona kanjalo futhi okwandayo isithakazelo emandleni nokhonkolo izimboni. STET oye waphayona izinqubo ezinjalo kokubili carbon kanye ammonia ukususwa kusuka impukane umlotha.
TECHNOLOGY ISENDLALELO - FLY UMLOTHA carbon NGOKUHLUKANA
Esikhathini isihlukanisi STET carbon (Figure 1), okokusebenza kufakwa igebe mncane phakathi electrode ezimbili okuhambisana Planar. Izinhlayiya triboelectrically icala by interparticle
ukuthintana. Ukuhlolwa kwe-carbon kahle icala kanye nokumbiwa omubi icala (umlotha asanda okukhiqizwa engakaze wetted yomiswa) bakhangwa electrode okuphambene. Izinhlayiya ke sikhukhuleke ngumuntu okuqhubekayo ezihambayo ibhande abavezwa oluyi. Ibhande ushukumisela izinhlayiya ezakhelene electrode ngamunye ngase imikhawulo okuphambene isihlukanisi. I ngesivinini ibhande Lisenza throughputs eliphezulu kakhulu, kuya ku 36 amathani ngehora kwi isihlukanisi olulodwa. Igebe encane, high voltage ensimini, ukugeleza sokufudumeza, eyingqabavu kuyizinhlayiyana-kuyizinhlayiyana ukuyaluza nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano yokuhlanza isenzo ibhande phezu electrode izici abagxeka isihlukanisi STET. Ngokulawula inqubo nemingcele ahlukahlukene, ezifana speed ibhande, iphuzu okuphakelayo, kanye feed izinga, inqubo STET ukhiqiza ongaphakeme Loi impukane umlotha at okuqukethwe carbon esingaphansi 1.5 ukuze 4.5% kulokho okuphakelayo impukane umlotha ezisukela ku-Loi 4% ukuze phezu 25%.
Fig. 1 STET Isihlukanisi
Umklamo isihlukanisi lilula futhi icwecwe. Umshini yakhelwe ukucubungula 36 amathani ngehora cishe 9 m (30 ft.) eside, 1.5 m (5 ft.) ububanzi, futhi 2.75 m (9 ft.) okusezingeni eliphezulu. I ibhande ezinamasondo eziphathelene izingxenye ezinyakazayo kuphela. I electrode kukhona umile futhi yakhiwa i material onensika ngokufanele. Ibhande eyenziwe ngepulasitiki nonconductive. I isihlukanisi sika amandla ukusetshenziswa imayelana 1 -Hora kilowatt tonne of indaba kusetshenzwe iningi amandla sokudliwa izinjini ezimbili ukushayela ibhande ngayinye.
Inqubo esomile ngokuphelele, aludingi izinto ezengeziwe ngaphandle impukane umlotha futhi ukhiqiza akukho anokungcola noma emoyeni kwekhabhoni. Izinto walulama aqukethe impukane umlotha kwehliswa carbon okuqukethwe emazingeni ezifanele ukusetshenziswa njengendlela admixture pozzolanic ukhonkolo, kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu carbon ingxenyenamba ewusizo njengoba uphethiloli. Ukusetshenziswa kokubili ukusakaza umkhiqizo ihlinzeka 100% isixazululo ukundiza izinkinga umlotha.
Walulama OKOKUTHUNGELA INZUZO HIGH-carbon FLY ASH
Ngaphezu ongaphakeme carbon umkhiqizo ukusetshenziswa ukhonkolo, brand okuthiwa ProAsh®, the STET ngokwahlukana inqubo futhi uyalulama ngenye okulahlwayo carbon unburned efomini carbon-ocebile impukane umlotha, EcoTherm uphawu™. EcoTherm™ onezici eziphawulekayo fuel value futhi kalula phinda kagesi amandla plant usebenzisa EcoTherm STET™ Buyela uhlelo ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa amalahle simila. lapho EcoTherm™ uyaphakama e kubhayela Umbuso, amandla omlilo is kuguquka umfutho ophakeme / ephezulu lokushisa umusi bese ugesi ngesikhathi kahle efanayo amalahle, ngokuvamile 35%. Ukuguquka energy ezishisayo livuke ugesi e ST Izinsiza kusebenza & Ubuchwepheshe LLC EcoTherm™ Buyisela uhlelo izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwemithathu kunakunoma ubuchwepheshe yokuncintisana lapho amandla ayabuya njengoba ongaphakeme-ebangeni ukushisa ngesimo amanzi ashisayo okuyinto yaze yafika kubhayela uhlelo amanzi okuphakelayo. EcoTherm™ liyasetshenziswa njengendlela umthombo Silica futhi alumina e usimende bokushisa, displacing izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibizayo, ezifana oluthambile noma bauxite, ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza usimende. Sisebenzisa okusezingeni eliphezulu carbon EcoTherm™ nomlotha kungaba isitshalo amandla noma kuhhonela usimende, maximizes yokutakula amandla amalahle zilethwe, ngokunciphisa isidingo kwesami futhi athutha uwoyela owengeziwe ezakhiweni.
STET sika Talen Energy Brandon Shores, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, futhi RWEnpower Aberthaw fly izitshalo umlotha, zonke zihlanganisa EcoTherm™ Buyisela izinhlelo. Izingxenye ezibalulekile kohlelo ethulwa ePhuzwini 2.
Fig. 2 EcoTherm™ Buyisela uhlelo
STET UMLOTHA Icubungula IZAKHIWO
Elawulwa Loi ongaphakeme impukane umlotha ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe STET sika eziteshini nambili amandla lonke US, Canada, U.K, Poland, futhi Republic of Korea. ProAsh® fly umlotha
sivunyiwe ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo onguthelawayeka zikahulumeni phezu amabili, kanye eziningi nezinye izinhlaka sebhithi. ProAsh® Futhi liye eqinisekisiwe ngaphansi Canadian Amazinga Association futhi EN 450:2005 namazinga izinga eYurophu. Ash ukucutshungulwa izindawo usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe STET ahlelwe kuThebula 1.
Ithebula 1. STET Commercial Operations
| Okusetshenziswayo / Isiteshi sikagesi | Indawo | ukuqala commercial imisebenzi | Insiza Yokuxhumana |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy – Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | Sept. 1997 | 2 Separators |
| Amandla izilimi - Brandon Shores Station | Maryland USA | April 1999 | 2 Separators 35,000 ton isitoreji Dome. Ecotherm™ Return 2008 |
| Shchotash (Lafarge / Scottish Amandla Joint Venture) - Longannet Station | Scotland UK | Oct. 2002 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| Jacksonville Electric Authority - St. KaJohane River Amandla Park, FL | Florida USA | May 2003 | 2 Separators Yamalahle / Petcoke imisindvo ammonia Ukususwa |
| South Mississippi Electric Power Authority R.D. Morrow Station | Mississippi USA | uJan. 2005 | 1 Isihlukanisi Ecotherm™ Return |
| New Brunswick Power Company Belledune Station | okusha Brunswick, Canada | April 2005 | 1 Isihlukanisi Yamalahle / Petcoke Blends Ecotherm™ Return |
| OF npower Didcot Station | England UK | Agasti 2005 | 1 Isihlukanisi Ecotherm™ Return |
| Izilimi Energy Brunner Island Station | Pennsylvania USA | Disemba 2006 | 2 Separators 40,000 Ton isitoreji Dome |
| Tampa Electric Co. Big Bend Station | Florida USA | April 2008 | 3 Separators, pass double 25,000 Ton isitoreji Dome ammonia Ukususwa |
| OF npower Aberthaw Station (Lafarge kuqinise UK) | Wales UK | Septhemba 2008 | 1 Isihlukanisi ammonia Ukususwa Ecotherm™ Return |
| EDF Energy West Burton Station (Lafarge Cement UK, Cemex) | England UK | Okthoba 2008 | 1 Isihlukanisi Ecotherm™ Return |
| ZGP (Lafarge Cement Poland / Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | Mashi 2010 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| Korea South-East Amandla Yeongheung Units 5&6 | INingizimu Korea | Septhemba 2014 | 1 Isihlukanisi Ecotherm™ Return |
| Lafarge Cement Poland Warsaw | Poland | 2016 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
NEZIPHETHO
Ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa impukane umlotha esikhundleni usimende ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo kakhulu kunciphisa kwekhabhoni-carbon dioxide ephathelene nomsebenzi wokwakha. Nokho, yokulawula ukungcola izinhlelo lisisebenzisa iziteshi zikagesi ezisebenza ngamalahle wadubula seyiholele ukwehla kwe-etholakalayo impukane umlotha umhlangano ukhonkolo-grade Ukucaciswa. nokucekelwa obengeziwe izinga impukane umlotha kulindeleke ngenxa ekutheni kuphinde kuncishiswe ovumelekile amagesi. Ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa lo mthombo wosizo amaphuzu ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo kanye nokwehlisa kogesi wendlwana evikela izithombo elihlobene ne ukwakhiwa ukhonkolo, izinqubo sokubuyisela izinga impukane umlotha ngendlela kwezomnotho nezemvelo iphila kudingeka.
Kokuzuza impukane umlotha nge STET izinqubo eminye kwandisa supply le nto ebaluleke. Izinqubo STET lokuhlomulisa ukuba iqhubeke ibonisa izindlela eziningi ngezinga elikhulu isetshenziswa uthuthukise ngenye engasebenziseki impukane umlotha ukuze ephezulu Inani impahla usimende esikhundleni ukhonkolo. Nesishiyagalombili SETT carbon separators njengamanje endaweni nge phezu 100 Umshini-iminyaka wokusebenza.
ProAsh® ithole zamukelwa kabanzi embonini ukhonkolo njengoba premium impukane umlotha ezidinga ukuqapha omncane izidingo emoyeni Entrainment ngenxa ngaphansi Loi kokuhlukana kunamanye umlotha. Ukubuyisela lesi CONCENTRATE ephezulu carbon enchubeni STET ukuze kubhayela ngesikhathi isitshalo amandla evumela nokuvulwa walulama carbon fuel Inani i-kahle efana amalahle. STET inikeza izindlela ukonga ukuze siphinde sithole umlotha ephezulu ukubaluleka ukusetshenziswa ebesingase sifakwe kuyi landfilled. Electrostatic carbon ngokwahlukana Ecotherm™ ukubuyela kubhayela ukunikeza isixazululo Modular nezidingo impukane umlotha inhlangano sika. Lezi zinqubo kungenziwa lwenteke ngezigaba, noma njengoba iphrojekthi olulodwa.
IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI
[1] American yamalahle Ash yamalahle imikhiqizo amandla omlilo futhi Sebenzisa Izibalo:
https://www.acaa-usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports/
