Zabi Harshe:
Tsokaci
ST Boats & Technology, LLC (STET) Ya ɓullo da wani tribo-electrostatic bel rabuwa aiki tsarin da yake bayar da ma'adinai aiki masana'antu a wajen beneficiate lafiya kayan da wani gaba ɗaya bushe fasahar. A bambanci zuwa wasu electrostatic rabuwa matakai cewa suna yawanci iyakance zuwa barbashi mafi girma daga 75μm a size, da triboelectric bel SEPARATOR aka fi dacewa dace domin rabuwa da lafiya sosai (<1μm) to moderately m (300μm) barbashi da sosai high kayan da aka samar. A triboelectric bel SEPARATOR fasahar da aka yi amfani da su raba mai fadi da kewayon kayan ciki har da ci konewa gardama ash, calcite / ma'adini, talc / magnesite, barite / ma'adini, kuma feldspar / ma'adini. Rabuwa sakamakon da aka gabatar kwatanta tribo-caji hali ga haƙar ma'adanai.
Gabatarwa
A rashin samun sabo ruwa da ake zama wata babbar factor shafi na yiwuwa hakar ma'adinai na ayyukan duniya. Kamar yadda Hubert Fleming, tsohon duniya darektan for ƙyanƙyashe Ruwa, "Daga dukan karafa ayyukan a duniya da cewa sun ko dai an tsaya ko ragae saukar a cikin past shekara, shi ya kasance, a kusan 100% daga cikin lokuta, a sakamakon ruwa, ko dai kai tsaye ko a kaikaice ".1 Dry ma'adinai aiki da hanyoyin bayar da wani bayani ga wannan looming matsala.
Dry hanyoyin kamar electrostatic rabuwa zai kawar da bukatar sabo ruwa, kuma bayar da damar rage ta halin kaka. Electric rabuwa da hanyoyin da cewa amfani da lamba, ko tribo-lantarki, caji ne particularity ban sha'awa saboda su m, su raba wani m iri-iri garwayayye dauke da conductive, insulating, da kuma Semi-conductive barbashi.
Tribo-lantarki caji faruwa a lokacin da mai hankali, Mabambantan barbashi yi karo da juna, ko da wani na uku surface, sakamakon shi a surface cajin bambanci tsakanin biyu barbashi iri. The ãyã, kuma girma na cajin bambanci dogara jera a kan bambanci a electron dangantaka (ko aiki aiki) tsakanin barbashi iri. Rabuwa sannan za a samu ta amfani da mai externally amfani lantarki filin.
A m an amfani industrially a tsaye free-fall irin separators. A free-fall separators, barbashi farko saya cajin, sa'an nan fada da nauyi ta hanyar na'ura tare da tsaurin wayoyin da tambaya mai karfi lantarki filin to barinta yanayin daga cikin barbashi bisa ga alamar da kuma girma na surface charge.2 Free-fall separators iya zama tasiri ga m barbashi, amma ba su tasiri a tarbiyyar barbashi finer fiye da game 0.075 to 0.1 mm.3,4 Daya daga cikin alamar rahama sabon aukuwa a bushe ma'adinai separations ne tribo-electrostatic bel SEPARATOR. Wannan fasaha ya mika barbashi size iyaka ga finer barbashi fiye da na al'ada electrostatic rabuwa fasahar, cikin kewayon inda kawai flotation ya cin nasara a baya.
Tribo-Electrostatic Belt Rabuwa
A tribo-electrostatic bel SEPARATOR (Figure 1 kuma Figure 2), abu ne ciyar a cikin bakin ciki rata 0.9 - 1.5 cm tsakanin biyu a layi daya planar wayoyin. A barbashi an triboelectrically cajin da interparticle lamba. Misali, a cikin hali na ci konewa gardama ash, cakuda carbon barbashi da kuma ma'adinai barbashi, da gaskiya ma cajin carbon da barnatar da cajin ma'adinai suna janyo hankalin zuwa gaban wayoyin. A barbashi an sa'an nan share up da a ci gaba da motsi bude-raga bel da kuma isar da a gaban kwatance. A bel motsa barbashi m zuwa kowane lantarki wajen m iyakar da SEPARATOR. A lantarki filin bukata kawai motsa barbashi wani kankanin sulusi da murabba'i na wani santimita don matsar wani barbashi daga hagu-motsi zuwa dama-dabba ba a kanta rafi. A counter halin yanzu kwarara daga cikin raba barbashi kuma riƙa triboelectric caji da carbon-ma'adinai collisions azurta wani Multi-mataki da rabuwa da kuma sakamakon a kyau kwarai tsarki da kuma dawo da a guda-izinin naúrar. A high bel gudun ma sa sosai high throughputs, har zuwa 40 ton a kowace awa a kan wani guda SEPARATOR. By iko daban-daban aiwatar sigogi, kamar bel gudun, feed nufi, lantarki rata da abinci kudi, da na'urar samar low carbon gardama ash a carbon abinda ke ciki na 2 % ± 0.5% daga abinci gardama toka jere a carbon daga 4% to kan 30%.
A SEPARATOR zane ne in mun gwada sauki. A bel da Associated rollers ne kawai motsi sassa. A wayoyin ne na kullum da kuma hada da wani kasafi m kaya. A bel da aka sanya na roba abu. A SEPARATOR lantarki tsawon shi ne kamar 6 mita (20 ft.) da kuma fadin 1.25 mita (4 ft.) ga cikakken size kasuwanci raka'a. Da ikon amfani ne kasa da 2 kilowatt-hour da tonne da kayan sarrafa shi da mafi yawan ikon cinye ta biyu Motors tuki da bel.
A tsari ne gaba ɗaya bushe, bukatar wani ƙarin kayan da kuma samar da wani sharar gida da ruwa ko iska watsi. A cikin hali na carbon daga gardama ash separations, da gano kayan kunshi gardama ash rage a carbon abun ciki zuwa matakan dace da amfani a matsayin pozzolanic admixture a kankare, da kuma wani babban carbon sulusi da murabba'i wanda za a iya ƙone a wutar lantarki sa shuka. Yin amfani da biyu samfurin kõguna na samar da wani 100% warware tashi ash dashi matsaloli. Ga ma'adinai separations, aiki haƙar misali, da SEPARATOR samar da wani fasahar don rage ruwa amfani, mika ajiye rayuwa da / ko mai da kuma reprocess tailings.
A tribo-electrostatic bel SEPARATOR ne in mun gwada m. A na'ura tsara don aiwatar 40 ton a kowace awa ne kamar 9.1 mita (30 ft.) dogon, 1.7 mita (5.5 ft.) fadi da kuma 3.2 mita (10.5 ft.) high. The bukata ma'auni na shuka kunshi tsarin to kai bushe kaya zuwa da kuma daga SEPARATOR. A Compactness daga cikin tsarin damar domin sassauci a shigarwa kayayyaki.
A tribo-electrostatic bel rabuwa fasahar ne robust kuma industrially tabbatar da, kuma aka farko amfani industrially ga aiki na ci konewa gardama ash a 1995. The fasaha ne tasiri a raba carbon barbashi daga cikin bai cika konewa na ci, daga idon yayi kamar gilashi aluminosilicate ma'adinai barbashi a cikin gardama ash. A fasahar ya instrumental a kunna maimaita na ma'adinai-arziki gardama ash a matsayin ciminti maye a kankare samarwa. tun 1995, a kan 20,000,000 ton na gardama ash an sarrafa ta 19 tribo-electrostatic bel separators shigar a cikin USA, Canada, UK, Poland, da kuma Koriya ta Kudu. A masana'antu tarihi na gardama ash rabuwa da aka jera a cikin Table 1.
Table 1. Industrial aikace-aikace na tribo-electrostatic bel rabuwa for gardama ash
| mai amfani / ikon tashar | location | Fara kasuwanci ayyukan | Facility bayani |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy - Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | 1997 | 2 Separators |
| Energy harsuna- Brandon gaba | Maryland USA | 1999 | 2 Separators |
| Scottish Power- Longannet Station | Scotland UK | 2002 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Jacksonville Electric-St. Gidan Wuta na Johns River | Florida USA | 2003 | 2 Separators |
| Kudancin Lashin Wutar Lantarki ta Kudu -R.D. Morrow | Mississippi USA | 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| New Brunswick Power-Belledune | New Brunswick Canada | 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| OF npower-Didcot Station | Ingila UK | 2005 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Harsuna Harshen Tsibiri na makamashi-Brunner | Pennsylvania USA | 2006 | 2 Separators |
| Tampa Electric-Big Bend Station | Florida USA | 2008 | 3 Separators two-pass scavenging |
| OF npower Aberthaw-Station | Wales UK | 2008 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| EDF Energy-West Burton Station | Ingila UK | 2008 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| ZGP (Lafarge Cement / Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | 2010 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Korea kudu maso gabas Power- Yeongheung | Koriya ta Kudu | 2014 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| PGNiG Termika-Sierkirki | Poland | 2018 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Kamfanin Kula da Cement na Taiheiyo-Chichibu | Japan | 2018 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Armstrong Fly Ash- Cewayar Cele | Philippines | shirya 2019 | 1 SEPARATOR |
| Korea kudu maso gabas Power- Samcheonpo | Koriya ta Kudu | shirya 2019 | 1 SEPARATOR |
Tribo-Electrostatic Rabuwa da haƙar ma'adanai
ST Boats & Technology (STET) yi benci sikelin bushe tribo-electrostatic rabuwa gwaji a kan mahara samfurori da haƙar ma'adanai. A samfurori da aka jera a kasa a suna Table 2.
Table 2. Properties na haƙar samfurori gwada STET
| Description | Desired Product & Goals | |
|---|---|---|
| samfurin 1 | ROM Bauxite | Al2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| samfurin 2 | PLK (Partially Lateritized Khondalite) | Al2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| samfurin 3 | Red Mud | Fe2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 |
| samfurin 4 | ROM Bauxite Slimes | Al2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
Chemical abun da ke ciki na dukkan abinci da kuma raba samfurin samfurori da aka auna da X-Ray haske (XRF) yin amfani da wani WD-XRF tsarin. A sakamakon da sinadaran bincike domin abinci samfurori aka nuna a kasa a Table 3.
Table 3. Chemical Properties na haƙar samfurori gwada STET
| Al2O3 wt.% | Fe2O3 wt.% | SiO2 wt.% | SiO2 wt.% | LOI wt.% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| samfurin 1 | 43.7 | 25.9 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 23.6 |
| samfurin 2 | 34.9 | 19.4 | 28.5 | 2.1 | 14.7 |
| samfurin 3 | 19.0 | 52.1 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 11.1 |
| samfurin 4 | 34.6 | 23.2 | 18.0 | 4.4 | 18.8 |
Barbashi size aka auna Laser barbashi size ji ta amfani da bushe pneumatic watsawa. A sakamakon ga feed samfurori aka nuna a kasa a Table 4.
Table 4. Barbashi size of haƙar samfurori gwada STET
| D10 micron | D50 micron | D90 micron | D90 micron |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| samfurin 1 | 2 | 19 | 73 | 118 |
| samfurin 2 | 2 | 45 | 575 | 898 |
| samfurin 3 | 1 | 27 | 212 | 325 |
| samfurin 4 | 1 | 7 | 59 | 93 |
Samfurori da aka raba ta amfani da STET benchtop SEPARATOR. A benchtop SEPARATOR da ake amfani da nunawa ga shaidar tribo-electrostatic caji da kuma sanin ko idan wani abu ne mai kyau ga takarar electrostatic beneficiation. Bambanci na farko tsakanin benchtop SEPARATOR da kuma matukin jirgi sikelin-da kasuwanci sikelin-separators ne cewa tsawon na benchtop SEPARATOR ne kamar 0.4 sau da tsawon matukin-sikelin da kasuwanci sikelin-raka'a. Kamar yadda SEPARATOR yadda ya dace shi ne a yi aiki da lantarki tsawon, benci-sikelin gwaji ba za a iya amfani da a matsayin maimakon matukin-sikelin gwaji. Pilot-sikelin gwaji wajibi ne don sanin ko har na rabuwa da cewa STET tsari za a iya cimma, da kuma sanin ko idan STET tsari zai iya saduwa da samfurin hari a karkashin ba feed rates. maimakon, da benchtop SEPARATOR da ake amfani da sarauta daga takarar da kayayyakin da suke da kamar wuya domin ya nuna wani gagarumin rabuwa a matukin jirgi sikelin-matakin. Sakamakon samu a benci-sikelin za a ba gyara, kuma rabuwa lura shi ne kasa da abin da za a lura a kan wani ciniki sized STET SEPARATOR.
Gwaji da STET benchtop SEPARATOR nuna gagarumin yunkuri na Al2O3 da mafiya yawa daga cikin samfurori gwada. A uku daga cikin hudu na samfurori gwada STET, gwaji motsi Al2O3 aka lura. Bugu da kari, da sauran manyan abubuwa na Fe2O3, SiO2 da TiO2 nuna gagarumin yunkuri a mafi yawan lokuta. a Sample 1, samfurin 3 kuma Sample 4, motsi na hasara a kan ƙonewa (DOKA) bi motsi Al2O3. The motsi daga cikin manyan abubuwa da aka nuna a kasa a Figure 5.
A STET SEPARATOR ne wani jiki rabuwa aiwatar da selectively raba ma'adinai manzilõli, dangane tribocharging, wani sabon abu surface. A mataki wanda ma'adanai ne mai saukin kamuwa zuwa tribocharging ne a wasu lokuta iya a annabta via shawara na wani triboelectric jerin, amma a cikin hali na hadaddun ma'adinai ores, sau da yawa a yi dole ne m empirically. A takaice daga cikin tribocharging Properties ga samfurori gwada aka nuna a kasa a Table 5.
Table 5. Takaitacciyar tribocharging hali ga manyan abubuwa. POS = cajin kyau, NEG = cajin korau.
| Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | TiO2 | DOKA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| samfurin 1 | POS | NEG | NEG | NEG | POS |
| samfurin 2 | NEG | POS | NEG | N/A | N/A |
| samfurin 3 | POS | NEG | N/A | NEG | POS |
| samfurin 4 | POS | N/A | NEG | NEG | POS |
Dry aiki tare da STET SEPARATOR yayi damar don samar da darajar for haƙar da aluminum kera. Da yin amfani da ƙananan sa haƙar adibas iya ba da damar ga ƙananan hakar ma'adinai ta halin kaka ta rage yanã fizge tufarsu rabo da ta rage ƙarni na tailings. Bugu da kari, pre-aiki na abubuwan bauxite ta bushewar triboelectrostatic rabuwa na iya haifar da ingantacciyar tattalin arziƙin matattarar aluminium ta hanyar samar da mafi girman maki na bauxite ga tsarin tacewa., ko ta rage kundin na ja laka generated. Bugu da kari, mafi girma aluminum abun ciki a cikin ja laka iya ba da damar for reprocessing. A takaice na manufa halaye ga metallurgical sa haƙar da aka gabatar, kazalika da summary daga cikin amfanin da STET SEPARATOR, kasa a Table 6.
Table 6. Takaitacciyar manufa halaye ga metallurgical sa haƙar.5
| Ideal Grade Characteristic | Impact if Inadequate | Observed with STET Separation |
|---|---|---|
| Low “reactive silica” (>1.5% - <3.0%) (kaolinite) | Increases caustic usage, a critical operating cost factor. | Reduction in total silica |
| High extractable alumina | Increases capital and operating costs for mining, processing and mud disposal. | Increase in alumina |
| Low organic carbon | Increases operating costs by reducing plant efficiency. | |
| Low boehmite (<3%) | Precludes low-temperature processing that can increase capital and operating costs. | |
| Low goethite (tolerable in a high-temperature plant or with high hematite) | Slows clarification, lowers product quality and increases alumina loss via mud circuit. | Reduction in total iron |
| Low moisture (can create nuisance dust if too low) | Increases capital costs (larger evaporation facility), fuel consumption, shipping costs. | |
| Iron content (ideally >5%-<15%) | Low iron can lower product quality. High iron dilutes alumina content of bauxite. | Reduction in total iron |
| Low quartz | Increases maintenance costs (pipe wear). Increases caustic usage in high-temperature plants. | Reduction in total silica |
| Low impurities and trace elements | Can lower process efficiency (sulfur, chlorine, calcium) and metal quality (gallium, zinc, vanadium, phosphorus). | |
| Soft and friable | Increases mining and grinding costs. | |
| Dissolves readily | Increases capital (larger digestion equipment) and operating costs. | |
| Low titania | Can increase caustic usage in high-temperature plants. | Reduction in titania |
| Low carbonates | Can require special processing. |
Kammalawa
Tribo-electrostatic rabuwa da aka nuna a matsayin wani tasiri Hanyar domin samar da wani high-sa haƙar tama don amfani a alumina samarwa. Gwaji da STET benchtop SEPARATOR nuna gagarumin yunkuri na Al2O3 da mafiya yawa daga cikin samfurori gwada. A uku daga cikin hudu na samfurori gwada STET, gwaji motsi Al2O3 aka lura. Bugu da kari, da sauran manyan abubuwa na Fe2O3, SiO2 da TiO2 nuna gagarumin rabuwa a mafi yawan lokuta. Dry aiki tare da STET SEPARATOR yayi damar don samar da darajar for haƙar da aluminum kera.
References
1. blin, P & Dion-Ortega, A (2013) High da Dry, CIM Magazine, vol. 8, babu. 4, pp. 48-51.
2. Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Fors Mountain, K (2000), Review of Banana Rabuwa Hanyar, part 1: da muhimman hakkokin al'amurran, ma'adanai & Metallurgical Processing, vol. 17, babu. 1 pp 23-36.
3. Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Fors Mountain, K (2000), Review of Banana Rabuwa Hanyar, part 2: Practical sharudda, ma'adanai & Metallurgical Processing, vol. 17, babu. 1 pp 139-166.
4. Ralston Ya. (1961) Electrostatic Rabuwa da Mixed granular daskararru, Elsevier Publishing Company, daga buga.
5. Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Trivedi, Nikhil C; Barker, James M; Krukowski, Stanley T.; Industrial ma'adanai da kuma Rocks: kayayyaki, kasuwanni, kuma Yana amfani da 7th Edition, (2006), Page 237.
