Tīpakohia Reo:
Abstract
ST Taputapu & hangarau, LLC (STET) Kua whakawhanakehia he pūnaha tukatuka whitiki wehenga tribo-hiko e whakarato ana i te ahumahi tukatuka kohuke te tikanga ki te beneficiate rauemi pai ki te hangarau katoa maroke. Roto i te rerekē ki ētahi atu tukanga wehenga hiko e e te nuinga iti ki matūriki nui atu 75μm i roto i te rahi, Kei te tano e tano te whakawehe whitiki triboelectric mō te wehenga o te tino pai (<1μm) ki tika makaka (300μm) matūriki ki puta tiketike rawa. Kua te triboelectric hangarau whitiki whakawehe kua whakamahia ki te wehe i te whānui o ngā rauemi ngā tae waro pungarehu rere ngingiha, konupāhiko / kiripaka, talc / magnesite, barite / kiripaka, me te wherepāra / kiripaka. E te aroaro hua wehenga whakaahua i te whanonga tribo-tohutohutia mō kohuke bauxite.
Kupu Whakataki
Kei te hoko te kore o te whai wāhi ki te wai hou i te take nui e pa ana i te whaihuanga o ngā kaupapa keri huri noa te ao. E ai ki a Hubert Fleming, kaiwhakahaere ao mua mō te Hatch Water, "O te kaupapa keri katoa i roto i te ao e kua mutu rānei pakanga iho i runga i te tau kua hipa ranei, Kua kua reira, i roto i tata 100% o nga take, he hua o te wai, hangatonu pe ta'efakahangatonu "whakahere .1 tikanga tukatuka kohuke maroke te otinga ki tenei raruraru hāparangi.
tikanga maroke pērā i te wehenga hiko ka faaore i te hiahia mō te wai hou, ka whakahere i te pūmanawa ki te whakaiti i ngā utu. tikanga wehenga Electric e whakamahi whakapā, ranei tribo-hiko, He particularity ngā mea ai no te mea o ratou pūmanawa ki te wehe i te whānui o ngā ranunga kei roto conductive momo, tuuraa i, me matūriki āhua-conductive.
e mea tribo-hiko puta ka motuhake, tutuku matūriki Nä ki tetahi ki tetahi, ranei ki te mata tuatoru, hua i roto i te rerekētanga tiaki mata i waenganui i nga momo matūriki e rua. Ko te tohu me te nui o te rerekētanga tiaki tei wahi i runga i te rerekētanga i roto i te irahiko pakuwha (pānga ranei te mahi) i waenganui i nga momo matūriki. taea reira wehenga te tutuki te whakamahi i te mara hiko waho tono.
Ko te tikanga i whakamahia i industrially i poutū momo noa-hinga whakawehe. I roto i te whakawehe free-hinga, te matūriki tuatahi whiwhi tiaki, ka hinga i te mahara i roto i te pūrere ki ātete electrodes e tono he mara kaha hiko ki te faaapiapi i te trajectory o te matūriki rite ki tohu me te nui o to ratou charge.2 mata e taea whakawehe Free-hinga e whai hua mō ngā matūriki pokepoke,, engari e kore e whai hua i matūriki whāwhā maitai atu i pā ana ki 0.075 ki 0.1 mm.3,4 tetahi o nga whanaketanga hou tino whaihua i roto i māvaé kohuke maroke ko te whakawehe whitiki tribo-hiko. Kua atu tenei hangarau te whānuitanga rahi matūriki ki kaitahi matūriki atu tikanga hangarau wehenga hiko, ki te whānuitanga wahi i tēnei waka anake kua angitu i roto i te mua.
Tribo-hiko Belt Separation
I roto i te whitiki whakawehe tribo-hiko (Figure 1 me Figure 2), Kei te whangai rauemi ki te āputa kikokore 0.9 - 1.5 cm i waenganui i rua electrodes planar whakarara. Kei te triboelectrically whakatupato nga matūriki i te interparticle whakapā. Hei tauira, i roto i te take o te waro pungarehu rere ngingiha, he ranunga o matūriki waro me matūriki kohuke, E ngā te waro pai whakatupato me te kohuke tōraro whakatupato ki electrodes ritenga. Kei te ka kahakina te matūriki ake mā te neke i te whitiki tuwhera-mata tonu, a tuku i roto i ngā tohutohu ritenga. Ko te whitiki neke te matūriki pātata ki ia kawehiko ki pito ritenga o te whakawehe. Ko te mara hiko titauhia anake neke i te matūriki te hautanga iti o te hēnimeta ki te neke i te korakora i te awa maui-neke ki te tika-pokarekarenga. Ko te counter rere o nga matūriki wehe me e mea triboelectric tuturu e collisions waro-kohuke nāianei whakarato hoki te wehenga maha-wā me te hua i roto i te viivii ore pai me te ora i roto i te kōwae kotahi-haere. Te tere whitiki tiketike āhei hoki throughputs tiketike rawa, ki runga ki 40 tana ia haora i runga i te whakawehe kotahi. Na roto i te whakahaere ngā tawhā tukanga, pērā i te tere whitiki, wāhi kai, āputa kawehiko me te auau kai, te pūrere hua iti pungarehu rere waro i tirotiro waro o 2 % ± 0.5% i kai pungarehu rere kopikopiko i roto i te waro i 4% ki runga i 30%.
Ko ngā ohie te hoahoa whakawehe. Ko te whitiki, me te awa e hāngai ana ko nga wahi anake neke. He pahoho me tito o te rauemi tika roa nga electrodes. hanga te whitiki e o rauemi kirihou. Ko āhua i te roa whakawehe kawehiko 6 mita (20 ft.) me te whanui 1.25 mita (4 ft.) hoki rahi tonu wae arumoni. Ko iti iho i te kohi mana 2 kirowati-haora ia tone o rauemi tukatuka ki te nuinga o te kaha pau e rua motors peia te whitiki.
Ko te katoa maroke te tukanga, titau kahore rauemi atu, me te hua kore wai ururua tukunga rangi ranei. I roto i te take o te waro i māvaé pungarehu rere, nga rauemi ora ake ngā o pungarehu rere iti i roto i te te ihirangi waro ki taumata e tika ana mō te whakamahi rite he hawhekaihe pozzolanic i roto i te raima, me te hautanga waro tiketike e taea te tahu i te whakaputa tipu hiko. Whakamahi o awa hua e rua whakarato te 100% otinga ki te rere raruraru te hoko pungarehu. Hoki māvaé kohuke, bauxite tukatuka mō te tauira, whakarato te whakawehe i te hangarau ki te whakaiti te whakamahi wai, whakawhānui ora rāhui, me te / ranei ora me te reprocess tailings.
Ko ngā kiato te whitiki whakawehe tribo-hiko. He mīhini hangaia ki te tukatuka 40 tana ia haora, ko te āhua 9.1 mita (30 ft.) roa, 1.7 mita (5.5 ft.) whānui, me te 3.2 mita (10.5 ft.) tiketike. Ko te toenga e hiahiatia ana o te tipu ngā o ngā pūnaha ki te kawe i ngā rauemi maroke ki a i te whakawehe. Ko te compactness o te pūnaha e āhei hoki ngāwari i roto i whakaaro tāutanga.
He pakari me te industrially kï te hangarau whitiki wehenga tribo-hiko, a ka tuatahi tono industrially ki te tukatuka o rere ngingiha waro pungarehu i roto i 1995. he whai hua i roto i te wehe matūriki waro i te ngingiha otikore o waro te hangarau, i te matūriki aluminosilicate kohuke waiwai i roto i te pungarehu rere. Ko te hangarau kua mauihaa i roto i te faatupu hangarua o te pungarehu ngaro kohuke-taonga rite te whakakapinga sima i roto i te hanga raima. Mai 1995, ki runga 20,000,000 kua tukatuka tana o rere pungarehu i te 19 whakawehe whitiki tribo-hiko tāuta i roto i te USA, Canada, UK, Poland, ko South Korea. whakarārangitia te hītori ahumahi o te wehenga rere pungarehu i roto i ripanga 1.
ripanga 1. tono Industrial o wehenga whitiki tribo-hiko mō te rere pungarehu
| taputapu / teihana mana | wāhi | Tīmata o ngā mahi arumoni | taipitopito wāhi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy - Roxboro Station | Te Tai Tokerau Carolina USA | 1997 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe |
| reo Energy- Brandon takutai | Maryland USA | 1999 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe |
| Power Scottish- Longannet Station | Scotland UK | 2002 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Jacksonville Electric-St. Pānga Hiko a Hōne Awa | Florida USA | 2003 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe |
| Hiko Hiko -R.D i te Tonga o R.D. apopo | Mississippi USA | 2005 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| New Brunswick Power-Belledune | New Brunswick Canada | 2005 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| O npower-Didcot Station | Ingarangi UK | 2005 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Taonga O te Moutere Pūkū-Pūkorangi | Pennsylvania USA | 2006 | 2 Kaiwhakawehe |
| Tampa Electric-Big Bend Station | Florida USA | 2008 | 3 Kaiwhakawehe haehae maka rua |
| O npower Aberthaw-Station | Wales UK | 2008 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| EDF Energy-Te Hau-ā-uru Burton Station | Ingarangi UK | 2008 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| ZGP (Ārge Cement /Ciech Janikoshoho JV) | Poland | 2010 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Korea Tonga Power- Pirika | South Korea | 2014 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Mātā-Tīmata | Poland | 2018 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Taiheiyo Cement Company-Chichibu | Japan | 2018 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Aātea Rere a Aāpako- Pūrekara | Philippines | Hōtaka 2019 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
| Korea Tonga Power- Pahūpo | South Korea | Hōtaka 2019 | 1 kaiwhakawehe |
Tribo-hiko wehenga o bauxite Minerals
ST Taputapu & hangarau (STET) tauine pae whakamana maroke whakamātautau wehenga tribo-hiko i runga i ngā tauira maha o kohuke bauxite. Kua whakarārangitia te tauira i raro nei i roto i ripanga 2.
ripanga 2. Āhuatanga o tauira bauxite whakamatauria e STET
| Whakamārama: | Hua e hiahiatia ana & Ngā Whāinga | |
|---|---|---|
| tauira 1 | ROM Bauxite | Whakaora Al2O3 Whakaiti i te SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| tauira 2 | PLK (Āhua Whakamōhiotia ana e ētahi wāhi o Te Tauwāhi) | Whakaora Al2O3 Whakaiti i te SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| tauira 3 | Paru Whero | Whakaora Fe2O3 Whakaiti i te SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 |
| tauira 4 | ROM Bauxite Slimes | Whakaora Al2O3 Whakaiti i te SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
whanganga matū hanganga mō ngā tauira kai me te hua wehea katoa i te taha o X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) te whakamahi i te pūnaha WD-XRF. E whakaaturia ana te hua o te tātaritanga matū mo nga tauira kai i raro nei i roto i ripanga 3.
ripanga 3. āhuatanga matū o ngā tauira bauxite whakamatauria e STET
| Al2O3 wt.% | Fe2O3 wt.% | Wt.% siO2 | Wt.% siO2 | LOI wt.% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tauira 1 | 43.7 | 25.9 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 23.6 |
| tauira 2 | 34.9 | 19.4 | 28.5 | 2.1 | 14.7 |
| tauira 3 | 19.0 | 52.1 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 11.1 |
| tauira 4 | 34.6 | 23.2 | 18.0 | 4.4 | 18.8 |
whanganga rahi matūriki i na roto i te ine rahi taiaho matūriki te whakamahi i purara whāhauhau maroke. E whakaaturia ana te hua mo nga tauira kai i raro nei i roto i ripanga 4.
ripanga 4. rahi matūriki o tauira bauxite whakamatauria e STET
| D10 micron | D50 micron | D90 micron | D90 micron |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tauira 1 | 2 | 19 | 73 | 118 |
| tauira 2 | 2 | 45 | 575 | 898 |
| tauira 3 | 1 | 27 | 212 | 325 |
| tauira 4 | 1 | 7 | 59 | 93 |
wehea tauira i te whakamahi i te whakawehe STET benchtop. Kei te whakamahia te whakawehe benchtop mō te tātari mō te taunakitanga o e mea tribo-hiko, me te ki te whakatau, ki te ko te rauemi he kaitono pai mō te beneficiation hiko. Ko te rerekētanga tuatahi i waenganui i te whakawehe benchtop me pairati-tauine me whakawehe arumoni-tauine ko e te roa o te whakawehe benchtop ko āhua 0.4 wā te roa o ngā waeine pairati-tauine, me te arumoni-tauine. Ka rite ki te tōtika whakawehe ko te mahi o te roa kawehiko, e kore e taea te whakamahi whakamātautau pae-tauine rite te whakakapinga mō te whakamātautau kaiurungi-tauine. he tika whakamātautau pairati-tauine ki te whakatau i te whānuitanga o te wehenga i te tukanga STET taea te whakatutuki, a ki te whakatau, ki te taea te whakatau tukanga STET nga ngā taumata hua i raro i reiti kai homai. Engari, whakamahia te kaiwehe benchtop te ki te whakahaere tikanga i roto i ngā rauemi kaitono e he pea ki te whakaatu i tetahi wehenga nui i te taumata pairati-tauine. Ka Hua whiwhi i runga i te pae-tauine kia papaitia-kore, me te wehenga kitea he iti iho i te e pai kia kitea i runga i te whakawehe STET rahi arumoni.
Whakamātautau ki te whakawehe STET benchtop whakaatu kaupapa nui o Al2O3 ki te nuinga o nga tauira whakamatauria. I roto i toru o nga tauira e wha whakamatauria e STET, kitea kaupapa nui o Al2O3 i. I tua atu, te tahi atu āhuatanga nui o Fe2O3, whakaatu SiO2 ko TiO2 kaupapa nui i roto i te nuinga o te wā. I roto i te Tauira 1, tauira 3 me te Tauira 4, te kaupapa o te mate i runga i pātīmata (TURE) kaupapa aru o Al2O3. whakaaturia te kaupapa o te āhuatanga nui te raro nei i roto i Figure 5.
Ko te whakawehe STET ko te tukanga wehenga tinana, me te tīpakongia wehe wāhanga kohuke e hāngai ana i runga i tribocharging, he āhuatanga mata. Ko te tohu ki e he haria mai ki te tribocharging kohuke e taea ki te kia tohu mā kōrero o te raupapa triboelectric i roto i ētahi wā, engari i roto i te take o tokahuke kohuke matatini, maha i roto i te mahi me te whakaritea empirically. whakaaturia te whakarāpopoto o nga āhuatanga tribocharging mo nga tauira whakamatautau te raro i roto i ripanga 5.
ripanga 5. Whakarāpopototanga o tribocharging whanonga mō huānga nui. POS = whakatupato pai, Neg = whakatupato tōraro.
| Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | TiO2 | TURE | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| tauira 1 | Wāhi Hoko | NEG | NEG | NEG | Wāhi Hoko |
| tauira 2 | NEG | Wāhi Hoko | NEG | N/A | N/A |
| tauira 3 | Wāhi Hoko | NEG | N/A | NEG | Wāhi Hoko |
| tauira 4 | Wāhi Hoko | N/A | NEG | NEG | Wāhi Hoko |
tukatuka maroke ki te whakawehe STET tuku whai wāhitanga ki te whakaputa uara mō te bauxite me te konumohe kaihanga. kia tukua te whakamahi o putunga bauxite kōeke raro hoki raro utu maina mā te whakaiti i ōwehenga murua me i whakatupuranga iti o tailings. I tua atu, te tukatuka tōmua o piripiri mā te wehenga pāhekoheko maroke ka pai ake pea te ohaoha o te mahinga aluminium mā te homai i ngā kōeke teitei ake o te mokatere ki te tukanga mārō, ranei na te whakaiti pukapuka o paru whero hanga. I tua atu, teitei ihirangi konumohe i roto i te paru whero kia tukua mo te reprocessing. aroaro te whakarāpopototanga o ngā āhuatanga pai mō te bauxite kōeke metallurgical te, me te he whakarāpopototanga o te painga o te whakawehe STET, i raro i roto i ripanga 6.
ripanga 6. Whakarāpopototanga o ngā āhuatanga pai mō te bauxite kōeke metallurgical.5
| Āhuatanga Kōeke Tōtika | Pānga mēnā kāore i te Tika | I mātakina ki te Wehenga STET |
|---|---|---|
| Hakahaka "kake" ngoikore (>1.5% - <3.0%) (kaolinite) | Ka whakanui ake i te whakamahinga ahuwāhi, he āhuatanga utu whakahaere nui. | Whakaiti i te katoa o te rakaraka |
| Alumina tango teitei | Ka whakanui i te pūmatua me ngā utu whakahaere mō te kari, tukatuka me te whiu paru. | Whakanui i roto i te pūteatea |
| Waro waro iti | Whakanuia ai ngā utu whakahaere mā te whakaiti i te tōtika o te tipu. | |
| Pūnaha pāpaku (<3%) | Ka uru i te tukanga pāmahana-iti e whakanui ake ana i ngā utu pūmatua me ngā utu whakahaere. | |
| E tika hahaka ana (pāmahana tiketike rānei i tētahi pāmahana tiketike) | Whakamōhiotanga pōturi, ka whakahekea te kounga o te hua, ā, ka whakanuia te ngaronga alumina mā te ara iahiko poharu. | Whakaiti i roto i te haeana tapeke |
| Haukū hahaka (ka taea te waihanga i te puehu pōrearea ki te iti rawa) | Whakanuia ai ngā utu pūmatua (pūwhara whakaeto nui ake), whakapaunga hinu, utu tuku. | |
| Ihirangi rino (tino >5%-<15%) | Ka whakaiti te rino hahaka i te kounga hua. E waimeha ana te rino tiketike i te ihirangi mokatere. | Whakaiti i roto i te haeana tapeke |
| Rehu hahaka | Whakanuia ai ngā utu tautiakitanga (mau paipa). Ka whakanui ake i te whakamahinga pūkaha i ngā tipu pāmahana tiketike. | Whakaiti i te katoa o te rakaraka |
| Ngā ngoikore hahaka me ngā huānga whakataki | Ka taea te whakahekea te tōtika tukanga (pūngāwhā, hau māota, konupūmā) kounga konganuku (konurehu, konutea, pātatawhiti, pūhore). | |
| Ngāwari, mārō hoki | Ka whakanui i ngā utu karikari me te hurihuri. | |
| Ngātahi ka memeha | Ka whakanui i te pūmatua (taputapu kūnatu rahi ake) me ngā utu whakahaere. | |
| Titania hahaka | Ka taea te whakanui ake te whakamahinga pūkaha i ngā tipu pāmahana tiketike. | Whakaiti i te titania |
| Ngā pākawa waro hahaka | Ka hiahiatia he tukanga motuhake. |
Opaniraa
i faaite wehenga tribo-hiko hei tikanga whai hua mō te whakaputa i te bauxite ore nui-kōeke mō te whakamahi i roto i te hanga alumina. Whakamātautau ki te whakawehe STET benchtop whakaatu kaupapa nui o Al2O3 ki te nuinga o nga tauira whakamatauria. I roto i toru o nga tauira e wha whakamatauria e STET, kitea kaupapa nui o Al2O3 i. I tua atu, te tahi atu āhuatanga nui o Fe2O3, whakaatu SiO2 ko TiO2 wehenga nui i roto i te nuinga o te wā. tukatuka maroke ki te whakawehe STET tuku whai wāhitanga ki te whakaputa uara mō te bauxite me te konumohe kaihanga.
Tohutoro
1. Blin, P & Dion-Ortega, He (2013) High, me te maroke, CIM Magazine, vol. 8, kahore. 4, pp. 48-51.
2. Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Fors Mountain, K (2000), Arotake o Methods Separation hiko, wāhanga 1: āhuatanga taketake, kohuke & Processing Metallurgical, vol. 17, kahore. 1 pp 23-36.
3. Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Fors Mountain, K (2000), Arotake o Methods Separation hiko, wāhanga 2: Whakaaro Practical, kohuke & Processing Metallurgical, vol. 17, kahore. 1 pp 139-166.
4. Ralston e. (1961) Wehewehenga hiko o Solids potakataka Mixed, Elsevier Publishing Company, i roto o te tā.
5. Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Trivedi, Nikhil C; Barker, James M; Krukowski, Stanley T.; Minerals Industrial me Rocks: taonga, Markets, a Whakamahi Edition 7, (2006), Whārangi 237.
