Khetha ulimi:
abstract
ST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe, LLC (STET) uye wazakhela tribo-electrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana ukuhlelwa uhlelo enikeze nekuhanjiswa umkhakha liyindlela beneficiate izinto enhle kodwa ubuchwepheshe ezomile ngokuphelele. Ngokungafani nezinye electrostatic ngokwahlukana izinqubo ukuthi ngokuvamile kungagcini izinhlayiya mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 75μm ngosayizi, the triboelectric ibhande isihlukanisi Lifanele for ukwehlukana esihle kakhulu (<1μm) ukuze ngokulinganisela indawo (300μm) izinhlayiya nge throughput eliphezulu kakhulu. I triboelectric ibhande isihlukanisi ubuchwepheshe isetshenzisiwe ukwehlukanisa anhlobonhlobo izinto kuhlanganise amalahle omlilo impukane umlotha, calcite / asebenza ngebhethri, talc / Magnesite, barite / asebenza ngebhethri, futhi feldspar / asebenza ngebhethri. Ukwahlukana imiphumela bethula echaza ukuziphatha tribo-ukukhokhiswa namaminerali bauxite.
Isingeniso
Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela ukufinyelela amanzi ahlanzekile isiba zinomthelela omkhulu zibheke amaphrojekthi yezimayini emhlabeni wonke. Ngokusho Hubert Fleming, nowayengumqondisi global Dweba Amanzi, "Kuzo zonke amaphrojekthi yezimayini emhlabeni ziye wayeka noma behlisa ijubane onyakeni owedlule, sekuyi, cishe 100% amacala, ngenxa amanzi, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ".1 Dry nekuhanjiswa izindlela ukunikeza ikhambi lale nkinga isondela.
izindlela Dry ezifana ngokwahlukana electrostatic uyoqeda isidingo amanzi ahlanzekile, futhi anikeza ithuba ukunciphisa izindleko. izindlela ngokwahlukana Electric ukuthi ukusebenzisa contact, noma tribo-kagesi, ukushaja kukhona ngemininingwane ezithakazelisayo ngenxa amakhono abo ukuhlukanisa ezihlukahlukene Izingxube equkethe conductive, ekuvikeleni, nezinhlayiyana semi conductive.
ukushaja Tribo-kagesi kwenzeka uma leyehlukene, izinhlayiya ezihluke nqwamana omunye nomunye, noma ngenhloso ngaphandle wesithathu, okuholela umehluko ebusweni icala phakathi izinhlobo ezimbili kuyizinhlayiyana. Isibonakaliso nokubaluleka umehluko icala kuncike ngokwengxenye on umehluko electron ziyezwana (noma umsebenzi umsebenzi) phakathi izinhlobo kuyizinhlayiyana. Ukwahlukana kungenziwa ke lekumele azuzwe Usebenzisa ngaphandle isicelo emkhakheni kagesi.
Le nqubo iye yabizwa ukusetshenziselwa ngokuphakeme ezimbonini e mpo ukuwa uhlobo separators. Ngo ukuwa separators, izinhlayiya wokuqala ukuthola icala, ke iwe amandla adonsela phansi ngokusebenzisa idivayisi electrode ezisebenza inkambu eqinile kagesi ukululaza trajectory of the izinhlayiya ngokuvumelana uphawu nokubaluleka ezindaweni zawo charge.2 aphikisanayo Mahhala-ukuwa separators ungalunga ngoba izinhlayiya indawo, kodwa akuzona ngempumelelo ngesikhathi handling izinhlayiya zikanokusho ngaphezu kwalezo mayelana 0.075 ukuze 0.1 mm.3,4 Omunye ethembisayo ezintsha abahlukanisayo amaminerali ezomile iyona tribo-electrostatic ibhande isihlukanisi. Le ubuchwepheshe enwetshiwe ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana ububanzi zikanokusho izinhlayiya kuka ezivamile electrostatic ngokwahlukana ubuchwepheshe, ku uhla lapho flotation kuphela uye waphumelela esikhathini esidlule.
Tribo-electrostatic Belt Ngokwahlukana
Esikhathini tribo-electrostatic ibhande isihlukanisi (Figure 1 futhi Figure 2), impahla kufakwa igebe mncane 0.9 - 1.5 cm phakathi ezimbili okuhambisana Planar electrode. Izinhlayiya triboelectrically icala by interparticle contact. Ngokwesibonelo, esimweni amalahle omlilo impukane umlotha, ingxube carbon izinhlayiya nezinhlayiyana amaminerali, carbon kahle icala kanye nokumbiwa omubi icala bakhangwa electrode okuphambene. Izinhlayiya ke sikhukhuleke ngumuntu okuqhubekayo ezihambayo evulekile-anezikhala ibhande abavezwa oluyi. Ibhande ushukumisela izinhlayiya ezakhelene electrode ngamunye ngase imikhawulo okuphambene isihlukanisi. Inkambu kagesi akudingeki kuphela ukuhambisa izinhlayiya nengxenyana encane noma ingaba isentimitha nje ukuhambisa nezinhlayiya ovela ekusakazeni kwesokunxele-ukuthuthela kwesokudla ezihambayo. Counter ukugeleza wamanje we izinhlayiya uhlukanisa futhi okuqhubekayo triboelectric ukushaja by ukushayisana carbon-amaminerali sihlinzekela ngokwahlukana multi-esiteji futhi imiphumela nangokuhlanzeka kakhulu futhi alulame yisikhungo esisodwa-pass. I ngesivinini ibhande Lisenza throughputs eliphezulu kakhulu, kuya ku 40 amathani ngehora kwi isihlukanisi olulodwa. Ngokulawula inqubo nemingcele ahlukahlukene, ezifana speed ibhande, feed iphuzu, electrode igebe okuphakelayo izinga, idivayisi ukhiqiza ongaphakeme-carbon impukane umlotha at okuqukethwe carbon 2 % ± 0.5% kulokho okuphakelayo impukane umlotha ezisukela ku-carbon 4% ukuze phezu 30%.
Umklamo isihlukanisi lilula. I ibhande ezinamasondo eziphathelene izingxenye ezinyakazayo kuphela. I electrode kukhona umile futhi yakhiwa i material onensika ngokufanele. Ibhande wenziwe impahla plastic. Ubude isihlukanisi electrode cishe 6 amamitha (20 ft.) futhi ububanzi 1.25 amamitha (4 ft.) ngoba usayizi ogcwele amayunithi commercial. Ukusetshenziswa amandla esingaphansi 2 -Hora kilowatt tonne of indaba kusetshenzwe iningi amandla sokudliwa izinjini ezimbili ukushayela ibhande ngayinye.
Inqubo esomile ngokuphelele, aludingi izinto ezengeziwe futhi ukhiqiza akukho amanzi angcolile noma umoya kwekhabhoni. Endabeni carbon kusukela impukane umlotha abahlukanisayo, izinto walulama aqukethe impukane umlotha kwehliswa carbon okuqukethwe emazingeni ezifanele ukusetshenziswa njengendlela admixture pozzolanic ukhonkolo, kanye ingxenyenamba carbon okusezingeni eliphezulu okungase washiswa ugesi Generating isitshalo. Ukusetshenziswa kokubili ukusakaza umkhiqizo ihlinzeka 100% isixazululo ukundiza izinkinga umlotha. Ukuze abahlukanisayo amaminerali, ukucutshungulwa bauxite isibonelo, the isihlukanisi ihlinzeka ubuchwepheshe ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ukunweba ukuphila inqolobane kanye / noma alulame futhi ukucubungula kabusha tailings.
I tribo-electrostatic ibhande isihlukanisi kuqhathaniswa compact. Umshini yakhelwe ukucubungula 40 amathani ngehora cishe 9.1 amamitha (30 ft.) eside, 1.7 amamitha (5.5 ft.) ububanzi futhi 3.2 amamitha (10.5 ft.) okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ibhalansi edingekayo zezitshalo siqukethe izinhlelo ukuwudlulisela material elomile ukuba nokusuka isihlukanisi. I compactness kohlelo ivumela eguquguqukayo ukufakwa imiklamo.
I tribo-electrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana ubuchwepheshe eyizingqabavu futhi ngokuphakeme ezimbonini neshaya, futhi lasetshenziswa kuqala ngokuphakeme ezimbonini ngokucubungula amalahle omlilo impukane umlotha e 1995. Ubuchwepheshe liphumelele uhlukanisa carbon izinhlayiya ezivela amandla omlilo akuphelele amalahle, kusukela lwengilazi izinhlayiya aluminosilicate amaminerali in the fly umlotha. Ubuchwepheshe liye lasiza kokunika amandla bavuselele we amaminerali-ocebile impukane umlotha indawo usimende ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo. Kusukela 1995, phezu 20,000,000 amathani impukane umlotha icutshungulwe yi 19 tribo-electrostatic ibhande separators efakwe e-USA, Canada, UK, Poland, neNingizimu Korea. Umlando yezimboni impukane umlotha ngokwahlukana ifakwa ohlwini Ithebula 1.
Ithebula 1. isicelo Industrial of tribo-electrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana ukuze impukane umlotha
| Okusetshenziswayo / isiteshi sikagesi | Indawo | Ukuqala ukusebenza commercial | imininingwane Insiza |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy - Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | 1997 | 2 Separators |
| Amandla izilimi- Brandon Shores | Maryland USA | 1999 | 2 Separators |
| Amandla Scottish- Longannet Station | Scotland UK | 2002 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| Jacksonville Electric-St. Johns River Amandla Park | Florida e-USA | 2003 | 2 Separators |
| South Mississippi Electric Power -R.D. Morrow | Mississippi USA | 2005 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| New Brunswick Amandla-Belledune | New Brunswick Canada | 2005 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| OF npower-Didcot Station | England UK | 2005 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| Talen Energy Brunner Isiqhingi Station | Pennsylvania USA | 2006 | 2 Separators |
| Tampa Electric-Big Bend Station | Florida e-USA | 2008 | 3 Separators Kudlula ezimbili behlwaya |
| OF npower Aberthaw-Station | Wales UK | 2008 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| EDF Energy-West Burton Station | England UK | 2008 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| ZGP (Usimende Lafarge / JV Ciech Janikosoda) | Poland | 2010 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| Korea Southeast Amandla- Yeongheung | INingizimu Korea | 2014 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| PGNiG Termika-Sierkirki | Poland | 2018 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| Taiheiyo usimende Inkampani-Chichibu | Japan | 2018 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| Armstrong Fly Ash- Eagle Cement | Philippines | Kuhleliwe 2019 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
| Korea Southeast Amandla- Samcheonpo | INingizimu Korea | Kuhleliwe 2019 | 1 Isihlukanisi |
Tribo-electrostatic Ukwehlukanisa bauxite Minerals
ST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe (STET) kwenziwe ebhentshini isikali ezomile tribo-electrostatic ngokwahlukana ukuhlolwa oku amasampula amaningi amaminerali bauxite. Amasampula ezibalwe ngezansi ku Ithebula 2.
Ithebula 2. Izakhiwo amasampuli bauxite ihlolwe ngu STET
| incazelo | Umkhiqizo elithandekayo & Amagoli | |
|---|---|---|
| Sample 1 | ROM bauxite | Al2O3 yokutakula Nciphisa SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| Sample 2 | PLK (Kancane Lateritized Khondalite) | Al2O3 yokutakula Nciphisa SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| Sample 3 | Mud Red | Fe2O3 yokutakula Nciphisa SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 |
| Sample 4 | ROM bauxite Slimes | Al2O3 yokutakula Nciphisa SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
Amakhemikhali ukwakheka ngoba zonke amasampula feed bese umkhiqizo ahlukaniswe sasibalwa X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) usebenzisa uhlelo WD-XRF. Imiphumela ahlukahlukene okuhlaziya amakhemikhali ukuze amasampula okuphakelayo ziboniswa ngezansi Ithebula 3.
Ithebula 3. Chemical izakhiwo amasampula bauxite ihlolwe ngu STET
| Al2O3 wt.% | Fe2O3 wt.% | SiO2 wt.% | SiO2 wt.% | Loi wt.% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample 1 | 43.7 | 25.9 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 23.6 |
| Sample 2 | 34.9 | 19.4 | 28.5 | 2.1 | 14.7 |
| Sample 3 | 19.0 | 52.1 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 11.1 |
| Sample 4 | 34.6 | 23.2 | 18.0 | 4.4 | 18.8 |
usayizi Particle sasibalwa ngemisebe kuyizinhlayiyana Usayizi ukumeda ngokusebenzisa ezomile ukuhlakazwa womoya. Imiphumela yokuzingelwa amasampula okuphakelayo ziboniswa ngezansi Ithebula 4.
Ithebula 4. usayizi Particle amasampuli bauxite ihlolwe ngu STET
| D10 Micron | D50 Micron | D90 Micron | D90 Micron |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample 1 | 2 | 19 | 73 | 118 |
| Sample 2 | 2 | 45 | 575 | 898 |
| Sample 3 | 1 | 27 | 212 | 325 |
| Sample 4 | 1 | 7 | 59 | 93 |
Amasampula kwahlukaniswa usebenzisa isihlukanisi STET benchtop. I isihlukanisi benchtop isetshenziselwa kuthiwa ukuhlolwa kwezinsana ubufakazi ukushaja tribo-electrostatic futhi ukuthola ukuthi ebonakala- olungele i lokuhlomulisa electrostatic. Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi isihlukanisi benchtop nomshayeli ukuziphilisa nezentengiselwano isikali separators wukuthi ubude isihlukanisi benchtop cishe 0.4 izikhathi nobude umshayeli isikali nezentengiselwano isikali amayunithi. Njengoba kahle isihlukanisi kuyinto umsebenzi ubude electrode, ukuhlolwa ebhentshini ukuziphilisa ayikwazi asetshenziswa esikhundleni ukuhlolwa umshayeli isikali. ukuhlolwa Pilot ukuziphilisa kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale umsuka wendaba yesihluku ukwehlukana ukuthi inqubo STET ingafinyelela, futhi ukunquma uma inqubo STET kungaba kuhlangabezanwe nalemigomo umkhiqizo ngaphansi inikezwe feed amazinga. Kunalokho, the isihlukanisi benchtop isetshenziswa siqambe ikhandidethi izinto cishe khombisa iyiphi ngokwahlukana abalulekile ezingeni umshayeli isikali. Imiphumela etholwe ebhentshini ukuziphilisa uzobe non-elungiselelwe, okulandelwa ukwehlukana waphawula lingaphansi kuka angathathwa baphawula phezu a commercial obujwayelekile isihlukanisi STET.
Ukuhlola kanye isihlukanisi STET benchtop wabonisa ukunyakaza abalulekile Al2O3 nge iningi amasampula ihlolwe. Ngo amathathu amasampula ezine ihlolwe ngu STET, ukunyakaza lobuKhristu Al2O3 uyalandelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izakhi ezinkulu Fe2O3, SiO2 futhi TiO2 wabonisa ukunyakaza okukhulu ezimweni eziningi. Ngo Sample 1, Sample 3 futhi Sample 4, ukuhamba ukulahlekelwa ku ukuthungela (UMTHETHO) ukunyakaza kulandelwa ka Al2O3. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela izici eziyinhloko kuboniswa ngezansi Figure 5.
I isihlukanisi STET kuyinto ngokomzimba ngokwahlukana inqubo ngokukhetha ehlukanisa izigaba amaminerali esekelwe tribocharging, into ebusweni. Izinga namaminerali singangena kule tribocharging kwezinye izimo zikwazi wabikezela nge kokubonisana uchungechunge triboelectric, kodwa endabeni imikhando amaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile practice kufanele kunqunywe empirically. Isifinyezo izakhiwo tribocharging ngokuba amasampula ihlolwe kuboniswa ngezansi Ithebula 5.
Ithebula 5. Isifinyezo tribocharging Ukuziphatha izakhi ezinkulu. POS = icala omuhle, NEG = icala omubi.
| Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | TiO2 | UMTHETHO | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample 1 | pOS | NEG | NEG | NEG | pOS |
| Sample 2 | NEG | pOS | NEG | N / A | N / A |
| Sample 3 | pOS | NEG | N / A | NEG | pOS |
| Sample 4 | pOS | N / A | NEG | NEG | pOS |
ukucutshungulwa Dry ne isihlukanisi STET inikeza amathuba ukukhiqiza value for bauxite kanye ne-aluminium abakhiqizi. Ukusetshenziswa grade aphansi bauxite ezifakwa kungavumela izindleko izimayini aphansi ngokunciphisa okungu bula futhi isizukulwane ukuncipha tailings. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucutshungulwa kwangaphambili kwe izinsimbi ze-bauxite ngokwahlukana kwe-triboelectrostatic eyomile kungahle kube nezomnotho ezithuthukisiwe zokucwengwa kwe-aluminium ngokunikeza amamaki aphezulu we-bauxite kunqubo yokuhluza, noma ngokunciphisa imiqulu udaka olubomvu elakhiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe ephakeme aluminium e udaka olubomvu kungavumela reprocessing. Isifinyezo izici ekahle Metallurgical grade bauxite uvezwa, kanye isifinyezo kuzuze isihlukanisi STET, ngenzansi Ithebula 6.
Ithebula 6. Isifinyezo izici ekahle Metallurgical grade bauxite.5
| Ideal Ibanga Isici | Umthelela uma Imphumelelo | ISidlo nge STET Ngokwahlukana |
|---|---|---|
| Okuphansi "Silica esisheshayo" (> 1.5% - <3.0%) (kaolinite) | Yenyusa ukusetshenziswa caustic, a esibucayi yokusebenza izindleko isici. | Ukuncishiswa Silica Imininingwane |
| alumina High extractable | Ukwenyuka bofeleba netinhlavu izindleko zokuqhuba ibhizinisi lakhe ngoba izimayini, ukucutshungulwa nasodakeni kulahlwa. | Ukwanda alumina |
| carbon okuphansi organic | Ukwenyuka ezisebenza izindleko ngokunciphisa isitshalo kahle. | |
| boehmite okuphansi (<3%) | Okuvimbela aphansi-lokushisa ukucutshungulwa ukuthi kungakhuphula bofeleba netinhlavu izindleko zokuqhuba ibhizinisi lakhe. | |
| goethite okuphansi (kuyabekezeleleka sesitholakele esimileni ephezulu lokushisa noma nge hematite okusezingeni eliphezulu) | siyehla ukucaciseleka, Inciphisa lomkhiqizo kanye inyuka alumina ukulahlekelwa nge udaka wesifunda. | Ukuncishiswa yensimbi Imininingwane |
| umswakama okuphansi (Ungakha uthuli isicefe ongaphakeme uma kakhulu) | Kwandisa nemali yokuqhuba (ezinkudlwana ukuhwamuka luhlobo), petrol, izindleko zokuthumela. | |
| Iron okuqukethwe (kuhle> 5%-<15%) | yensimbi okuphansi kungaba ehlise izinga umkhiqizo. yensimbi High dilutes alumina okuqukethwe bauxite. | Ukuncishiswa yensimbi Imininingwane |
| asebenza ngebhethri okuphansi | Kwandisa izindleko yesondlo (ipayipi bafake). Yenyusa ukusetshenziswa caustic ezitshalweni ephezulu lokushisa. | Ukuncishiswa Silica Imininingwane |
| ukungcola kanye izakhi trace okuphansi | Ingabe wehlise inqubo ukusebenza kahle (sulphur, chlorine, calcium) futhi izinga metal (gallium, zinc, vanadium, phosphorus). | |
| Soft futhi friable | Kwandisa izimayini futhi igaya izindleko. | |
| uncibilike kalula | Ukwenyuka inhlokodolobha (ezinkudlwana imishini ukugaya) kanye nezindleko zokusebenzisa. | |
| titania okuphansi | Kungandisa ukusetshenziswa caustic ezitshalweni ephezulu lokushisa. | Ukuncishiswa titania |
| carbonates okuphansi | Can edinga ukucutshungulwa ekhethekile. |
Isiphetho
ngokuhlukana Tribo-electrostatic kwaboniswa njengoba indlela ephumelelayo for odala a ephezulu grade bauxite ore ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni alumina. Ukuhlola kanye isihlukanisi STET benchtop wabonisa ukunyakaza abalulekile Al2O3 nge iningi amasampula ihlolwe. Ngo amathathu amasampula ezine ihlolwe ngu STET, ukunyakaza lobuKhristu Al2O3 uyalandelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izakhi ezinkulu Fe2O3, SiO2 futhi TiO2 wabonisa ngokwahlukana abalulekile ezimweni eziningi. ukucutshungulwa Dry ne isihlukanisi STET inikeza amathuba ukukhiqiza value for bauxite kanye ne-aluminium abakhiqizi.
Izinkomba
1. Blin, P & Dion-Ortega, A (2013) High futhi Dry, CIM Magazine, vol. 8, kungekho. 4, kk. 48-51.
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3. Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Fors Intaba, K (2000), Ukubuyekezwa kwe agesi Ngokwahlukana Izindlela, ingxenye 2: Ukubhekelwa Olungokoqobo, Minerals & Icubungula Metallurgical, vol. 17, kungekho. 1 kk 139-166.
4. Ralston O. (1961) Ukwahlukana electrostatic ka ezixutshiwe ukudla okuqinile luyimbudumbudu, Elsevier Publishing Company, ayisanyatheliswa.
5. Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Trivedi, Nikhil C; Barker, James M; Krukowski, Stanley T.; Industrial wezokuMbiwa Rocks: Commodities, Izimakethe, futhi Ukusebenzisa-Edishini 7th, (2006), ikhasi 237.
