Khetha ulimi:
A.Gupta, K. Flynn futhi F. Hrach
ST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe, 101 Hampton Avenue, Needham, MA 02494, USA
abstract
ST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe (STET) kuyinto unjiniyela nomkhiqizi ibhande triboelectrostatic uhlelo ngokwahlukana enikeze namaminerali umkhakha ikhambi beneficiate imikhando esihle amaminerali ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ezomile. I triboelectrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana ubuchwepheshe isetshenzisiwe okudayiswayo ukuhlukanisa anhlobonhlobo amaminerali kuhlanganise calcite / asebenza ngebhethri, talc / Magnesite, barite / asebenza ngebhethri, futhi aluminosilicates / carbon e impukane umlotha. Ukusebenza kahle okusezingeni eliphezulu multi-isimo ngokuhlukana ibangelwa kuyizinhlayiyana ukuze Particle ukushaja Imiphumela ekuhlaleni ngokwahlukana aphakeme njengoba kuqhathaniswa ezivamile ukuwa isihlukanisi triboelectrostatic. Kuyinto ubuchwepheshe ezomile futhi ayidingi lokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali namanzi zemvelo ezizwelayo, yingakho akekho izinhlelo ukwelashwa amanzi angcolile ziyadingeka enqubeni. Kulesi umbiko, imiphumela yimpumelelo umshayeli isitshalo test esikalini lokuhlomulisa olwenziwa inhlanganisela zircon / rutile e Sands amaminerali ashicilelwe.
Amagama angukhiye: amaminerali, ngokuhlukana ezomile, ukushaja triboelectrostatic, ibhande isihlukanisi, Sands amaminerali, zircon, rutile
Isingeniso
STET isihlukanisi triboelectrostatic isebenzisa umehluko chemistry ebusweni phakathi izinhlayiya leyo nto ukudala kagesi icala umehluko. Lapho evele ezimbili ezingafani kuthiwa wagcoba ngokumelene nomunye, ukudluliswa icala senzeka nge impahla kanye aphansi electron ziyezwana kokulahlekelwa electron kuma-material ne ephakeme electron ziyezwana ngaleyo ndlela ukushaja emihle nemibi ngokulandelana.
Ngo STET triboelectrostatic ibhande isihlukanisi, okuphakelayo impahla kufakwa igebe mncane phakathi electrode ezimbili okuhambisana. Kukhona ibhande evulekile-anezikhala ezihambayo phakathi electrode at Isivinini esiphakeme, kuya ku 65 izinyawo / umzuzwana, ukwakha iluphu emhlabeni iqoqo ezinamasondo emikhawulweni yomibili (Figure 1). Izinhlayiya triboelectrically amacala kuyizinhlayiyana kanzima ukuze kuyizinhlayiyana contact futhi badonseleka oppositely icala electrode. Ibhande libhubhisa le electrode futhi lidlulisela izinhlayiya ezahlukene ukuze kuzuze okuphambene isihlukanisi. Counter ukugeleza samanje kuyizinhlayiyana ukuhlukaniswa futhi okuqhubekayo triboelectric ukushaja by kuyizinhlayiyana ukuze kuyizinhlayiyana ukushayisana sihlinzekela multi-esiteji ezomile lokuhlomulisa inqubo. Umklamo isihlukanisi lilula futhi icwecwe. Ubude jikelele kuyinto ngu. 30 ft (9 m) futhi ububanzi 5 ft (1.5 m) usayizi umnyuziki iyunithi commercial.
STET igcina ucwaningo nentuthuko laboratory esikhungweni STET lwezobuchwepheshe Needham, Massachusetts. Lesi sakhiwo ihlanganisa STET umshayeli isitshalo noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali laboratory, kanye nomklamo, yokukhiqiza kanye technical support neminyango ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi kanye yokukhiqiza izindawo STET sika. Lesi sitshalo umshayeli iyisonto isikali ezimbili esincishisiwe, separators STET kanye nokunye kokusiza esetshenziswa ukuphenya ukushintshwa inqubo STET abuye ahlole ukwehlukana impukane umlotha namaminerali ezivela emithonjeni ikhandidethi.
Figure 1: STET triboelectrostatic isihlukanisi kwendikimba
Mineral Sands
I mineralogy ka rutile ukwenqaba isampula kwaba cishe 41% rutile, 33% zircon, 18% ilmenite futhi 8% namanye amaminerali. Injongo kwaba ukusungula ekucubunguleni izimo ukuze siphinde sithole zircon kusukela rutile ukwenqaba isampula. STET olwenziwa chemical analysis besebenzisa wavelength dispersive X-Ray fluorescence (WD-XRF) ekuphakeleni isampula futhi imiphumela (kwesejwayelekile Loi) ziboniswa ithebula 1.
Ithebula 1: ukuhlaziywa zokucathula Sands amaminerali isampula (izingxenye ezinkulu aboniswe)
izindlela ezivamile ngoba beneficiating Sands amaminerali ehilela kuyinkimbinkimbi ukugeleza amashidi usebenzisa izinqubo ezifana amasu adonsela phansi ezimanzi, uzibuthe ngokwahlukana froth flotation (Ref. 1,2) okuyinto balinganiselwe siqu. Magnetic ngokwahlukana inqubo ngokuvamile uholela ekubeni ingxenyenamba middling edinga noma imfucumfucu noma kabusha emuva ekusakazeni okuphakelayo. Magnetic ngokwahlukana usebenzisa ezinamasondo unezinye ukulinganiselwa ekucubungululeni izinhlawulo. I izinhlayiya emihle, ngisho non-magnetic bathambekele yakha ezinengilazi phezu roller, ekunikeleni inqubo ngokuhlukana ayizwakali. isihlukanisi STET is kahle zokuhamba ukwehlukana izinto emihle kakhulu nge throughputs eliphezulu kakhulu. Wet-gravity kanye nokuphenyisisa froth flotation izinqubo kuhilela esindayo chemical elina ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, futhi kudinga imfucuza inqubo yokwelapha amanzi. Ukuze ezomile izicelo lokugcina, isinyathelo omiswe kufanele wanezela ezansi lokuhlomulisa isinyathelo ngaleyo ndlela kwande izindleko.
ubuchwepheshe STET sika triboelectrostatic ihlinzeka ikhono eliyingqayizivele ukucubungula ezomile okuphakelayo, eliphasi ugesi ukusetshenziswa, ngokuvamile ngu. 1 kWh / ithani (Ref. 3) futhi yakha ukusakaza ezimbili ethuthukisiwe kunoma ekupheleni isihlukanisi kungekho ingxenyenamba middling.
Ezenye
STET wabonisa ubufakazi ukushaja ngempumelelo nokuhlukaniswa izinhlayiya zircon futhi rutile amaminerali. Kwabonakala ukuthi doping netshe okuphakelayo nenani elincane elimnandi noma aliphatic acid carboxylic (electrostatic icala conditioning ejenti) yabonisa ekwenteni ncono ukuziphatha ngokwahlukana. Figure 2 elingezansi libonisa umkhiqizo grade (ZrO2 okuqukethwe kulinganiswa usebenzisa WD-XRF) futhi ZrO2 yokutakula ukuze umkhiqizo zonke iphelela olwenziwe STET umshayeli isitshalo. It kuyabonakala ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo elungiselelwe nge okuphakelayo doped nge elimnandi carboxylic acid ngesikhathi 2000 gm / ithani umthamo kanye umswakama, amamaki umkhiqizo >50% ZrO2 okuqukethwe nge >50% ZrO2 yokutakula kumkhiqizo kufezekiswe (ubone idatha egqanyisiwe). Isilinganiso ZrO2 okuqukethwe feed kwaba ngu. 30%.
Figure 3 sikhombisa leyavela grade (TiO2 okuqukethwe kulinganiswa usebenzisa WD-XRF) futhi TiO2 zokuthola leyavela zonke iphelela olwenziwe STET umshayeli isitshalo. It kuyabonakala ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo elungiselelwe nge okuphakelayo doped nge elimnandi carboxylic acid futhi umswakama, leyavela amamaki of >50% okuqukethwe TiO2 nge >80% TiO2 zokuthola leyavela kufezekiswe (ubone idatha egqanyisiwe). Isilinganiso TiO2 okuqukethwe feed kwaba ngu. 40%.
Ithebula 2 engezansi ibonisa imiphumela esuka kukuqalisa olwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo elungiselelwe. STET wakwazi ukufeza >50% ZrO2 okuqukethwe e umkhiqizo ngokuqukethwe zircon ngcono beneficiating okuphakelayo nge isilinganiso 30% ZrO2 okuqukethwe. Ingxenyana rutile feed kwaba eqoqwe njengoba leyavela, nge >50% okuqukethwe TiO2 beneficiating okuphakelayo nge TiO2 isilinganiso okuqukethwe ngu. 40%. umsebenzi Ikusasa izogxila iqhakambisa ngokwahlukana Imiphumela ngokunciphisa Isikali kwenkokhiso conditioning ejenti.
Figure 2: umkhiqizo grade (ZrO2 okuqukethwe) v / s yokutakula (pass Imiphumela olulodwa)
Figure 3: Ngu-umkhiqizo grade (okuqukethwe TiO2) v / s yokutakula (pass Imiphumela olulodwa)
Ithebula 2: Ezenye izuzwe ngaphansi elilungile ukucutshungulwa imingcele usebenzisa "rutile senqabe" okuphakelayo
Isiphetho
It is ngempumelelo wabonisa ukuthi STET triboelectrostatic ibhande isihlukanisi uyakwazi ngempumelelo beneficiating le zircon / rutile ingxube equkethe Sands amaminerali feed, kanjalo ekufinyeleleni ethuthukisiwe zircon futhi rutile okuqukethwe e umkhiqizo futhi lubangelwa ngokulandelana. Le nqubo ihlinzeka ngempumelelo izindleko-, okunye iphila futhi kungaba kungenzeka ukuqeda ezimanzi ukucutshungulwa amasu. Akudingi lokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali noma amanzi zemvelo ezizwelayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela akudingi omiswe we indaba yokugcina. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi le isihlukanisi STET liphansi, ngu. 1 kWh / ithani elilodwa kusetshenzwe okuphakelayo impahla.
Izinkomba
1. R.M. Tyler futhi R.C.A. Minnitt. Ukubukeza-sub-Saharan Sands amaminerali esindayo idiphozi: kuyayithinta amaphrojekthi amasha e-Afrika eseningizimu. I-Journal of The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 89-100, Mashi 2004.
2. V.G.K. Murty, D. Hriathod, S. Asokan no. Chatterjee. Samaminerali of Indian Isihlabathi esimbiwa phansi - Abanye Amathuba okusha Obizwa Ngaleli Tata Steel. Ekuqhubeni International Wokucwaninga on amaminerali Icubungula Technology, 2006.
3. J.D. Bittner, K.P. Flynn futhi F.J. Hrach, Inwebisa zokusebenza Dry Ngokwahlukana Tribolectric Wezimbiwa. Ekuqhubeni International Mineral Processing Congress, 2014.
