Khetha ulimi:
Kyle Flynn, Abhishek Gupta, Frank Hrach
abstract
Ukubuyekezwa kwe izincwadi ezifanele ubonisa ukuthi ucwaningo abalulekile iye bazama ukusebenzisa electrostatically
amasu ngokwahlukana ukuze ome ukudla plant-based luyimbudumbudu (okuyi, organic) izinto. Lesi senzakalo iye yashesha esikhathini esidlule 10 - 20 iminyaka, with many researchers in Europe and the United States applying ngokwahlukana electrostatic techniques to a wide variety of beneficiation challenges. Kule ucwaningo, kusobala ukuthi izindlela electrostatic ezingadala ukukhiqiza entsha, imikhiqizo ephezulu ukubaluleka isitshalo, noma ukunikeza enye ukumanzisa zokuwugaya. Nakuba abahlukanisayo nesikholwa wokudla okusanhlamvu, pulse and oilseed materials have been demonstrated at the laboratory and in some cases, pilot scale, amasistimu electrostatic zisetshenziswe ukuze zibonise le miphumela angafaneli noma engabizi processing imishini ukwenza ukuhlukana okunjalo nsuku commercial. ubuchwepheshe Abaningi electrostatic ayifanele inqubo fake phansi, ongaphakeme-ukuminyana izimpushana ezifana isitshalo izinto. Nokho, i-ST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe (STET) triboelectrostatic ibhande isihlukanisi inamandla wabonisa ukucubungula izinhlayiya emihle kusukela 500 - 1 μm. The STET belt separator is a high-rate, ngokuphakeme ezimbonini efakazelwe ukucutshungulwa kudivayisi ezingase zifaneleke ukuze commercialize ngentuthuko yamuva ekucubungululeni izinto eziphilayo. I isihlukanisi STET ibhande lwavivinywa kusampula kafulawa lonke ukolweni kwatholakala ukuthi uphumelele ekususeni bran kusukela ingxenyenamba isitashi. ukuhlolwa Ikusasa ne isihlukanisi STET izobanjelwa ku bran amasampula kakolweni, nofulawa wombila
futhi pulses ezifana soy kanye lupin.
Amagama angukhiye: Tribo-electrostatic, electrostatic, Ukwahlukana, zihlukaniswa, ukolweni, yokusanhlamvu, ufulawa, Fibre, Amaphrotheni, oilseeds, pulses
Isingeniso
izindlela ngokwahlukana electrostatic ziye ukusetshenziselwa esidlule 50 iminyaka ku kokuzuza commercial-yemakhono
namaminerali ezimbonini kanye udoti okulahlwayo. lokuhlomulisa electrostatic ukudla eyomile luyimbudumbudu plant-based (i.e, organic) izinto ziye uyaphenywa phezu 140 iminyaka, ne-patent lokuqala ngokuhlukana electrostatic kakolweni ufulawa middlings egcwele kusenesikhathi ungagcina 1880. [1] lokuhlomulisa electrostatic ivumela abahlukanisayo okusekelwe umehluko ebusweni yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali (umsebenzi umsebenzi) noma izakhiwo Kwe-dielectric Heating. Kwezinye izimo, lezi abahlukanisayo ebandleni bekungekhe kukghonakale usebenzisa ubukhulu noma ukuminyana abahlukanisayo kuphela. Electrostatic ngokwahlukana izinhlelo usebenze ngemigomo efanayo. Zonke ngokwahlukana izinhlelo electrostatic aqukethe uhlelo kagesi ukushaja izinhlayiya, i ngaphandle elakhiwe ensimini kagesi zokwehlukanisa ukwenzeka, futhi indlela yokudlulisa izinhlayiya ku nangaphandle idivayisi ngokuhlukana. ukushaja agesi singenzeka elilodwa noma amaningi izindlela kuhlanganise lokungeniswa conductive, tribo-ukushaja (contact ugesi) futhi ion noma corona ukushaja. Electrostatic ngokwahlukana izinhlelo ukusebenzisa okungenani eyodwa yalezi izindlela ukushaja. [2]
ukungezwani High roll electrostatic ngokwahlukana izinhlelo ziye zasetshenziswa izimboni eziningi izicelo lapho omunye
ingxenye ingaphezu kagesi conductive kunabanye. Izibonelo izicelo ukungezwani okusezingeni eliphezulu roll separators zihlanganisa titanium eziveza namaminerali ngokuhlukana, kanye izicelo kabusha, isibonelo ukuhlunga metal kusukela plastic. Abantu bakholelwa izinto eziningi futhi amajiyomethri esetshenziselwa ukungezwani okusezingeni eliphezulu roll izinhlelo, kodwa ngokuvamile, kusebenze izimiso ezifanayo. Okuphakelayo izinhlayiya icala omubi i ionizing corona osenyameni. Okuphakelayo izinhlayiya abahlakazekile ungene isigubhu ligijima, lapho ama-drum is kagesi nisekeliwe. I izinhlayiya kagesi conductive give up ababaphathisiwe phezu ixhumana kobuso sigubhu, nisekeliwe. Ukujikeleza sigubhu kubangela izinhlayiya conductive uphonswe ebusweni sigubhu futhi zibekwe umkhiqizo hopper lokuqala. I izinhlayiya ze-non-conductive ukugcina ababaphathisiwe kagesi futhi kuphinwe kobuso sigubhu. ekugcineni, icala ngogesi ku izinhlayiya ze-non-conductive kuyophela, noma izinhlayiya uzobe ukunganakwa kusukela sigubhu emva sigubhu uye ijikelezwe ukuze izinhlayiya ze-non-conductive kuthiwa zibekwe non-conductive kuyizinhlayiyana hopper. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, a middlings hopper ibekwe phakathi conductive futhi okungezona conductive umkhiqizo hopper. Ukuphumelela lolu hlobo idivayisi ngokwahlukana ngokuvamile kungagcini izinhlayiya okulula indawo futhi / noma babe okusezingeni eliphezulu gravity ethize, ngenxa isidingo zonke izinhlayiya ukuxhumana kobuso sigubhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyizinhlayiyana ukugeleza Dynamics kubalulekile njengoba umfutho emincane unomthwalo eveza izinhlayiya ebusweni sigubhu ngokulandelana umkhiqizo hoppers. izinhlayiya emihle futhi ephansi kwabantu izinhlayiya bakholelwe ukuthi sithonyeka kalula nomoya futhi ngaleyo ndlela cishe ngeke lingadilizelwa kusukela sigubhu endaweni nkomoni. [2] [3] [4]
I isihlukanisi ukungezwani okusezingeni eliphezulu ibhande kuyinto okufana amaphaphu ephezulu roll isihlukanisi ezichazwe ngenhla. Okuphakelayo izinhlayiya abahlakazekile ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke ububanzi i ibhande kagesi nisekeliwe. Izinhlayiyana basolwa, ngokuvamile exhashazwa othile corona omubi, nakuba ezinye izindlela ukushaja zingenzeka. Nalapha izinhlayiya conductive ukunikeza ababaphathisiwe kagesi kuze kube lusekelwe ibhande, ngenkathi izinhlayiya ze-non-conductive ukugcina ababaphathisiwe. I izinhlayiya conductive ewa of emaphethelweni ibhande amandla adonsela phansi, kuyilapho icala izinhlayiya ze-non-conductive kukhona "waphakamisa" off ebusweni ibhande amabutho electrostatic. Nalapha zokwehlukanisa ukuze sibe abafundisi abaphumelela, kuyizinhlayiyana ngayinye kumele uxhumane kobuso ibhande ukuvumela izinhlayiya conductive ukunikeza icala yabo ibhande. Ngakho-ke, kuphela isendlalelo esisodwa izinhlayiya kungenziwa olwadluliselwa isihlukanisi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Njengoba ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana feed iba ezincane, ukucutshungulwa izinga zedivayisi kuyehla. [5] [6]
ipuleti Parallel separators electrostatic zivamise olususelwa uhlukanisa izinhlayiya hhayi ngesisekelo conductivity, kodwa umehluko ebusweni yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali ivumela kagesi icala ukudluliswa ngokuthintana kokukhuhlana ukuthi. Izinhlayiyana anamandla kagesi ngokuthintana eyingqabavu nezinye izinhlayiya, noma ngenhloso ngaphandle wesithathu efana metal noma plastic ngeke wayefisa izakhiwo tribo-ukushaja. Izinto ukuthi kukhona electronegative (eliseKissy omubi yochungechunge tribo-kagesi) ukususa ama-electron ebusweni tribo-ukushaja futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibe necala net omubi. Ngo contact, izinto ezisebusweni ukuphela omuhle yochungechunge tribo-kagesi banikele electron futhi inkokhelo omuhle. I izinhlayiya icala ke busuka inkambu kagesi elakhiwe phakathi ezimbili okuhambisana ipuleti electrode ehlukahlukene zokuthutha izindlela (amandla adonsela phansi, womoya, vibration). Ephambi kwezinduna emkhakheni kagesi, izinhlayiya icala iphokophele electrode oppositely icala futhi ziqoqwa ngesikhathi okuhambisanayo umkhiqizo hoppers. Nalapha, ingxenyenamba middlings oqukethe ingxube izinhlayiya anga noma angeke kuqoqwe, kuncike ukumisa ifoni ye-ngokuhlukana. [4] [7]
Figure 1: Umdwebo we ukungezwani okusezingeni eliphezulu roll isihlukanisi (kwesokunxele) futhi ipuleti parallel mahhala ukuwa isihlukanisi (kwesokudla).
Ithebula 1: Isifinyezo evame ukusetshenziswa electrostatic ngokwahlukana amadivayisi.
Case 1 - Ukolweni Ukolweni Bran samaminerali.
Ukolweni bran kuyinto leyavela ezivamile kakolweni Milling, ezimele 10-15% lokusanhlamvu kakolweni. Ukolweni bran siqukethe engxenyeni engaphandle kuhlanganise pericarp, ikhanda, futhi aleurone. Ukolweni bran unezincwadi eziningi micronutrients, fibre, futhi phytochemicals eziqukethwe okusanhlamvu, okuyinto ziye zabonisa izinzuzo zempilo abantu. [8] isithakazelo Lobalulekile uhlukanisa futhi beneficiating kakolweni bran kubikiwe. somlando e uhlukanisa kakolweni bran kwaba ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye ukubaluleka umkhiqizo ufulawa. Nokho, ngaphezulu isithakazelo yamuva kubikiwe sokuthola izingxenye ezibalulekile kakolweni bran.
Ngo 1880, Thomas Osborne lobunikazi commercial isihlukanisi lokuqala electrostatic zokususa bran ngofulawa middlings. I isihlukanisi lalinabashumayeli imiqulu camera iraba kanzima noma impahla okulingana okwakukhona abazokwazi kagesi nge kokukhuhlana tribo-ukushaja nge uvolo. Nakuba abachazwa, kucatshangwa imiqulu iraba aluthola icala negative isihlobo ukuba uvolo, uhambisane kakhulu tribo-kagesi uchungechunge. Imiqulu kagesi ke eladonsa kahle icala bran fibre izinhlayiya, eveza kubo ebusweni umqulu kuze okuphiniwe fibre izinhlayiya ukunganakwa ebusweni umqulu. Lokhu (Kusolwa) ukushaja omuhle kakolweni bran buphikisana Imiphumela ibikwe abanye. Tribo-ukushaja izinhlayiya bran ubesizwa fluidizing emoyeni owethulwa ezansi kudivayisi, owawunesihloko inzuzo eyengeziwe lokubangela kancane obukhulu bran izinhlayiya kwamanzi, eduze eshelela. [1]
Ngo 1958 waphansi ngokuhlukana electrostatic of bran futhi endosperm eziqukethwe ufulawa middlings wakusho ngendlela wokufaka patent ngu Branstad ukusebenza ngesikhathi General Mills. Idivayisi kwakuba parallel ipuleti isihlukanisi lapho izinhlayiyana zadluliselwa phakathi amapuleti amabili by vibration. bran izinhlayiya, icala ngokuthintana kokukhuhlana nge endosperm izinhlayiya, abangu ephakamisa kuya electrode phezulu ngokusebenzisa perforations ku electrode phezulu. [9]
Ngo 1988 i-apharathasi begodu inqubo okuqeda aleurone kusuka commercial kakolweni bran wakusho ngendlela wokufaka patent. Commercial kakolweni bran nge aleurone okuqukethwe kokuqala ka 34% yaceba a CONCENTRATE of 95% ngesikhathi 10% isivuno mass (28% aleurone yokutakula) inhlanganisela isando Milling, sizing ngu Ukuhlolwa, emoyeni elutriation nokuhlukaniswa electrostatic usebenzisa ipuleti parallel isihlukanisi electrostatic. Izinhlayiyana babekwa icala e idivayisi emoyeni elutriator, okuyinto unendima ombaxambili ekususeni izinhlawulo (<40 μm) ngu eveza, ngenkathi kanyekanye tribo-ukushaja aleurone izinhlayiya omuhle (ezibika negative electrode ipuleti) kanye pericarp / Testa izinhlayiya omubi. Usayizi kuyizinhlayiyana ingxube bran kwakuqondiswa ngokucophelela isando Milling futhi multi-level Ukuhlolwa, ukuthola okuphakelayo ikakhulukazi nendawo kule 130 - 290 ububanzi μm. [10]
umsebenzi wakamuva ku uyalulama aleurone kusuka ukolweni bran uyaqhubeka. Ngo 2008, Buhler AG lobunikazi kudivayisi ngokwahlukana electrostatic ekwehlukaniseni aleurone izinhlayiya ezivela igobolondo izinhlayiya eyenziwe bran sashintshwa. Omunye samuntu idivayisi siqukethe yokusebenza Rotor e ukwelashwa endaweni esinda obujwayelekile, okuyinto livumela kuyizinhlayiyana-to-kuyizinhlayiyana kanye nezinhlayiya-to-odongeni contact futhi okwalandela tribo-ukushaja. I izinhlayiya icala kuthiwa abe esedlulisela athutha abe isitsha esihle ngokwahlukana equkethe parallel ipuleti electrode. Izinhlayiyana iwe ngokusebenzisa umkhumbi ngokwahlukana amandla adonsela phansi, njengoba izinhlayiya differentially icala ukuhambisa bubheke electrode oppositely icala ngaphansi kwethonya emkhakheni kagesi. [11] Lapho kuhlangene Sizing ofanele bran okuphakelayo nezindlela mechanical ukuhlunga, aleurone lokuhlala kuze kufinyelele 90% Kuye kwabikwa. [12] [8]
Figure 2: Kukhiqiziwe kusukela Hemery et al, 2007 [8].
Tribo-ukushaja corona ukushaja ukulinga kakolweni bran Kwakuseshwa yizisebenzi ngesikhathi Electrostatics of bahlakazeka Media Research Unit, University yasePoitiers, France e 2010. Abacwaningi kulinganiswa icala surface futhi iveze ezingaba kwamazinyo isikhathi ku kakolweni bran nge 10% umswakama kanye lyophilized (iqhwa-omisiwe) kakolweni bran. Ukuhlolwa ngokwahlukana wawenziwa ku isampula 50% nqabela-omisiwe kakolweni bran futhi 50% iqhwa-omisiwe aleurone kuphakela usebenzisa uhlobo ibhande corona isihlukanisi electrostatic. (Figure 3) Imiphumela Ngokwahlukana ngokuba isihlukanisi laboratory isikali corona wabonisa 67% ka aleurone esetholakele kuya hopper non-umqhubi, ngenkathi kuphela 2% we bran kakolweni babikela hopper non-umqhubi. Tribo-ukushaja ucwaningo nazo efundelwa kakolweni bran futhi aleurone, kodwa kuphela ukulinganisa ethize ebusweni icala [μC / g] elakhiwe ku ingxenyenamba ngamunye, njengoba kuqhathaniswa imikhiqizo isazama ukuphuma ngokwahlukana electrostatic. Bobabili izinto okuphakelayo babekwa icala usebenzisa Teflon njengoba ebusweni contact. Bobabili bran kakolweni aleurone ezibikwa njengoba ukushaja isihlobo esihle ukuze Teflon, okuyinto ngokwawo electronegative kakhulu. Ubukhulu icala kwatholakala ukuthi ancike izingcindezi yokusebenza ukusebenziswa tribo-ishaja, esikisela ukuthi omawala ephakeme kuholela oxhumana ezingasho ephelele tribo-ukushaja. [13]
Figure 3: Kukhiqiziwe kusukela Dascalescu et al, 2010 [13]
Ngo 2009, abacwaningi sebuhlaziyiwe electrostatic ukushaja izakhiwo aleurone abacebile pericarp ocebile okuphakelayo izinto. [14] Ngo 2011 abacwaningi wenziwa electrostatic ngokwahlukana ukuhlolwa oku amasampuli fake kutsho kakolweni bran usebenzisa umshayeli isikali ipuleti electrostatic isihlukanisi (TEP System, Tribo Flow Separations, Lexington, USA). I TEP System isebenzisa umugqa ukushaja, lapho izinhlayiyana okuphakelayo yethulwe ibe zeziyaluyalu onomfutho ekusakazeni emoyeni, futhi pneumatically lidluliselwe ngokusebenzisa umugqa ukushaja egumbini ngokuhlukana. Izinhlayiya tribo-amacala kuyizinhlayiyana ukuze kuyizinhlayiyana contact, kanye nezinhlayiya ukuxhumana kobuso umugqa ukushaja. Imiphumela etholwe ne TEP System wabonisa ukuthi ngokwahlukana electrostatic wawuphumelela eningi ekuphuculeni aleurone ne-beta-glucan okuqukethwe kakolweni bran. Ngokuthakazelisayo, encane impahla eyafunyanwa uqukethe aphakeme aleurone iseli okuqukethwe, ngesikhathi 68%, kwaba esihle kakhulu (D50 = 8 μm) ingxenyenamba ukuthi esetholakele kusukela tube ukushaja. Akucaci ukuthi kungani le nto ngokuncanyelwayo bagxila kule apharathasi ukushaja, Nokho, liyabonisa ukuthi ikhono ukucubungula aleurone Okuqukethwe kumaseli kungadinga amasu electrostatic ukuthi ziyakwazi ukucutshungulwa izimpushana esihle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo msebenzi yabonisa ukuthi okuphakelayo belungiselela bran kakolweni kwaba ebaluleke kakhulu kulesi. Amasampula okulungiselelwe cryogenic kugaywe ngetshe lokugaya isando kwatholakala ukuba ubuhlobo kancane ngokuphelele (abakhululiwe) kunalawo phansi i isigayo umthelela uhlobo at lokushisa kuma. [15] [16]
Figure 4: Kukhiqiziwe kusukela Hemery et al, 2011 [16]
umsebenzi wakamuva wafunda lokuhlushwa arabinoxylans kusuka ukolweni bran by izindlela electrostatic. Abacwaningi ukusetshenziselwa laboratory isikali isihlukanisi electrostatic ehlanganisa ukushaja tube nokuhlukaniswa ekamelweni eliqukethe ezimbili okuhambisana ipuleti electrode. Nepepper kakolweni bran ayiswa tube ukushaja futhi udlulisele pneumatically ekamelweni ngokwahlukana usebenzisa nitrogen ecindezeleke. I omawala negesi okusezingeni eliphezulu Isivinini tube ukushaja enikeziwe loxhumana kuyizinhlayiyana kwadingeka kwezinhlelo tribo-ukushaja. I izinhlayiya icala (imikhiqizo lokwehlukaniswa) zathathwa kusukela ebusweni electrode for ukuhlaziya. Ngenxa ukuma mpo electrode imali ethe impahla awuzange eqoqwe. Lokhu middlings ingxenyenamba lingase liphinde lisetshenziswe kucutshungulwe e electrostatics ezivamile, Nokho, ngezinhloso yomzamo, impahla eqoqwe phezu electrode sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi elahlekile. Abacwaningi babika ukuthi kunokwanda kokubili grade umkhiqizo (okuqukethwe arabinoxylan e umkhiqizo) nokuhlukaniswa kahle njengoba Isivinini eveza kukhuphuke. [17]
imizamo lwakamuva beneficiate kakolweni bran usebenzisa izindlela electrostatic ibekwe kafushane lapha ngezansi ku Table 2.
Ithebula 2: Isifinyezo izindlela electrostatic esikalini ukuze beneficiate kakolweni bran.
Case 2 - Amaphrotheni yokutakula kusukela Lupin ufulawa
Abacwaningi at Ukudla Process Engineering Group e Wageningen, Abase Netherlands, esikalini lungaba amaprotheni nokunonophala usebenzisa imidumba. Pea kanye lupin ufulawa zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso feeds ezihlukahlukene amasu amaprotheni nokunonophala okuhlanganisa umoya ngezigaba kuhlangene ngokwahlukana electrostatic. Uma kungelashwa ipea kanye lupin imbewu aqalwa nepepper ukuba cishe 200 μm. Okuphakelayo izinto for ngezigaba kanye noqhekeko phakathi komuntu electrostatic abangu kamuva nepepper Usebenzisa isigayo umthelela uhlobo nge esenzeka yangaphakathi (Hosokawa-Alpine ZPS50). Median ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana (d50) kwabikwa njengoba cishe 25 μm ukuze ufulawa ipea, futhi cishe 200 μm ukuze ufulawa lupin, ngaphambi umoya ngezigaba. Ekugcineni, isethi engezansi isampula ngalinye, ufulawa ipea kanye lupin, Ngaleso sikhathi wayehlala emoyeni oluthathwa (Hosokawa-Alpine ATP50). Ukuphakelwa kuya isihlukanisi electrostatic yayinakho kokubili flours ingelashwa, kanye Yiqiniso futhi umkhiqizo emihle evela emoyeni ngezigaba. [18]
I electrostatic ngokwahlukana kudivayisi esetshenziswa ngesikhathi ucwaningo kwaba parallel ipuleti uhlobo, nge Ukushaja kwenziwe nge ukushaja triboelectric endaweni 125 mm ubude ukushaja tube, izinhlayiya lidluliselwe pneumatically ngu nitrogen ecindezeleke. Idivayisi akufane ukumisa kudivayisi esetshenziswa Wang et al (2015). [17] Electrostatic ngokwahlukana ucwaningo yayiqhutshelwa ufulawa phansi ipea nofulawa lupin, kanye Yiqiniso futhi emihle amafraktjhini kafulawa ipea nofulawa lupin eyatholakala kusukela emoyeni ngezigaba. Ufulawa ipea wabonisa ukunyakaza okuncane kuphela amaprotheni phakathi ukuhlolwa electrostatic. Nokho, ufulawa lupin wabonisa ukunyakaza okukhulu wamaprotheni zonke amasampula ezintathu ihlolwe (ufulawa nepepper - 35% amaprotheni, nepepper inhlawulo oluthathwa - 45% amaprotheni, nepepper indawo oluthathwa - 29% amaprotheni). imikhiqizo Amaphrotheni-ocebile cishe 60% zobhejane phezu electrode lusekelwe ngamunye amasampula ezintathu lupin ihlolwe. [18]
Case 3 - Fibre Ukususwa kusuka Ummbila
Abacwaningi e-Department of Agricultural and Engineering eziphilayo, Mississippi State University kwenziwe ukuhlolwa electrostatic emhlabathini nofulawa wombila, nge umgomo wokususa fibre. I electrostatic kudivayisi ngokwahlukana kwakuba ibhande elihambayo nge electrode negative ibekwe ekupheleni elihambayo. I izinhlayiya kahle icala, fibre izinhlayiya, esimweni esinjalo, yasuswa off ibhande elihambayo futhi ihlelwa ibe hopper yesibili. I izinhlayiya ze-non-fibre aqathaka we ibhande elihambayo nge-gravity kanye nokuphenyisisa abangu imali ku umkhiqizo hopper lokuqala. Abalobi musa uchaze ukuthi ukushaja kagesi wenziwa. Indaba okuphakelayo kule isihlukanisi kwakuhunyushwa indawo, ngento osayizi okuphakelayo ezisukela 12 Mesh (1,532 μm) ukuze 24 Mesh (704 μm). Akubonakali ukuthi undersize (<704 μm) impahla sicutshungulwe ngalesi cwaningo. isimo Sivivinyo ngasinye yaqedwa usebenzisa 1 kg okuphakelayo impahla okwakubekelwa nombala abahlakazekile ezweni ibhande. [6]
Figure 5: Kukhiqiziwe kusukela Pandya et al, 2013 [6]
Abacwaningi Mississippi State igcwaliswe electrostatic ngokwahlukana ukuhlolwa phezu nofulawa wombila unscreened, i-bahlolwe corn ufulawa amafraktjhini kanye fibre-ocebile amafraktjhini wasimama emoyeni ngezigaba. ukuhlolwa electrostatic asiphothulwanga ku ukusakaza ongaphakeme-fibre wasimama emoyeni ngezigaba. Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela lokwehlukaniswa electrostatic inikezwe ngezansi:
Ithebula 3: Imiphumela fibre ngokwahlukana yakhiqizwa kusukela Pandya et al, 2013 [6]
Case 4 - Amaphrotheni Lokuhlushwa kusukela oilseeds
Oilseeds ezifana rapeseed (canola), Uhlelo Oluvumelana Nesixazululi nkinga, Sesame, lwesinaphi, inkinobho yomcibisholo wokuphenya-corn lwegciwane, futhi flaxseed ngokuvamile aqukethe okunqala kokubili protein ne fibre. Icubungula ubuchwepheshe ukususa fibre, kanjalo zandise ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, ka oilseeds ngeke zaba imboni ebaluleke ngokwengeziwe njengoba odingekayo emhlabeni amaprotheni inyuka. [19] umsebenzi wakamuva abacwaningi e-French National Institute for Agricultural Research wahlola ultrafine Milling kuhlangene ukucutshungulwa electrostatic sunflower imbewu ukudla, ukugxilisa ingqondo amaprotheni. amasampula ukudla Ukuphakelwa sunflower abangu kutsho i isigayo nomthelela ukusebenza ezingeni lokushisa elifanele ukuze usayizi kuyizinhlayiyana (D50) ka 69.5 μm. I isihlukanisi electrostatic osetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwaba kudivayisi ipuleti parallel lapho eyinhloko ukushaja indlela kwaba tribo-ukushaja. I tribo-ukushaja kwenziwa umfula we electrode e umugqa tribo-ukushaja, izinhlayiya lidluliselwe ngokusebenzisa umugqa ukushaja, futhi kuze kube electrode, nge ezokuthutha womoya. Amaphrotheni etholakele ukushaja omuhle (ezibika electrode omubi) kanye ingxenyenamba fibre-ocebile etholakele ukushaja omubi. Amaphrotheni selectivity kwatholakala ukuthi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Okuphakelayo amaprotheni kwaba 30.8%, ne amaprotheni-ocebile umkhiqizo wokulinganisa 48.9% kanye amaprotheni mpilo (fibre-ocebile) umkhiqizo yokulinganisa kuphela 5.1% amaprotheni. Amaphrotheni yokutakula kwaba 93% umkhiqizo omuhle. I-cellulose, hemicelluloses, futhi lignin alinganiswe futhi wathola ukubika umkhiqizo omubi icala, okuphambene ukuthi wamaprotheni. [20]
Ithebula 4: Ezenye sunflower imbewu ukudla ngokwahlukana yakhiqizwa kusukela Barakat et al, 2015 [20]
Ngo 2016, ocwaningweni ezengeziwe yaqedwa usebenzisa fake kutsho rapeseed uwoyela imbewu ukudla, noma amakhekhe kawoyela rapeseed (ROC), njengoba okuphakelayo i ngokwahlukana inqubo electrostatic. Nalapha Milling ultrafine at lokushisa kuma wawenziwa usebenzisa idivayisi ummese isigayo (Retsch SM 100). Indaba nepepper, nge ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana aphansi namaphakathi (D50) cishe 90 μm, sicutshungulwe usebenzisa umshayeli isikali ipuleti parallel isihlukanisi (TEP System, Tribo Flow Separations). I TEP System isebenzisa ukushaja triboelectric ngu eveza womoya izinhlayiya ngokusebenzisa umfutho ophakeme ukushaja umugqa ngaphansi kwezimo zeziyaluyalu. A olulodwa pass ngokwahlukana test ne TEP System kuholele emakamu abalulekile amaprotheni, nge iprotheni ukufunza 37%, a kahle icala amaprotheni umkhiqizo ezingeni 47% kanye omubi icala amaprotheni umkhiqizo ezingeni 25%. Engeziwe ngokwahlukana izigaba zazenziwa, ekugcineni kwaveza umkhiqizo amaprotheni-ocebile ne 51% amaprotheni ngemva 3 ngokulandelana ngokwahlukana izigaba. [21]
Ithebula 5: Imiphumela rapeseed uwoyela imbewu ukudla ngokwahlukana yakhiqizwa kusukela Basset et al, 2016 [21]
Ingxoxo
Ukubuyekezwa kwe izincwadi ezifanele ubonisa ukuthi ucwaningo abalulekile iye bazama ukuthuthukisa amasu electrostatic ngokuhlukana ngoba izinto zokwakha eziphilayo. Lesi senzakalo siye saqhubeka noma yashesha esikhathini esidlule 10 - 20 iminyaka, nabacwaningi abaningi eYurophu nase-United States nokusebenzisa amasu ngokwahlukana electrostatic ukuze ezihlukahlukene izinselele lokuhlomulisa. Kule ucwaningo, kuba sobala ukuthi izindlela electrostatic ezingadala ukukhiqiza entsha, imikhiqizo ephakeme ukubaluleka isitshalo, noma ukunikeza enye ukumanzisa zokuwugaya.
Nakuba ekhuthaza abahlukanisayo ka okusanhlamvu, pulses, futhi izinto oilseed ziye kubonakala kweyoku-laboratory futhi kwezinye isikali amacala umshayeli, amasistimu electrostatic zisetshenziswe ukuze zibonise le miphumela ingase ekugcineni abe njengomuthi ofanele kakhulu noma engabizi processing imishini ukwenza ukuhlukana okunjalo nsuku commercial. Ekhona commercial izinhlelo electrostatic zivame kakhulu asetshenziswa abahlukanisayo amaminerali, izinsimbi noma sepulasitiki. WezokuMbiwa insimbi kukhona kokubili izinto kuqhathaniswa obukhulu nge high amandla adonsela phansi ethize, njengoba kuqhathaniswa isitshalo izinto. Ngisho ne okusezingeni eliphezulu gravity ethize amaminerali nezinsimbi, ngempumelelo ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana ukulinganiselwa ukuze roll isigubhu kanye parallel ipuleti separators electrostatic kuqhathaniswa indawo, izinhlayiya ezimbalwa ngezansi 100 μm isibonelo. Plastics kukhona density ngaphansana kokubili amaminerali nezinsimbi kodwa bavame kusetshenzwe ngaso indawo kuyizinhlayiyana osayizi, ishq njengoba plastic isibonelo. The introduction of fine particles creates operational difficulties for both high-tension roll and parallel plate separators. Fine, ongaphakeme-ukuminyana izinhlayiya kakhulu sensitive nomoya kukhona, ikakhulukazi uma eqhathaniswa namaminerali nezinsimbi. umehluko elincane emoyeni imisinga ngaphakathi ocingweni ngokwahlukana nomthelela endleleni travel izinhlayiya emihle, bazithobisa amabutho ngaphandle kwalezo kubangelwa emkhakheni electrostatic.
Ngokuba iningi ipuleti parallel isihlukanisi izinhlelo, fake phansi futhi ephansi kwabantu izinhlayiya ukuthi electrostatically icala ziqoqwa phezu electrode parallel ipuleti separators. Uma lezi izinhlayiya emihle kagesi enamathiselwe kungukuthi isuswe njalo njalo, amandla emkhakheni kagesi nekusebenta zilulaza kudivayisi. Umsebenzi abacwaningi I Ukudla Process Engineering Group Wageningen UR (Wang et al, 2015) bakusebenzisa lokhu mkhuba ukuqoqa amasampula ebusweni the electrode parallel ipuleti isihlukanisi ukuhlaziya imikhiqizo lokwehlukaniswa. ipuleti Parallel isihlukanisi izinhlelo, ikakhulukazi lezo wethembele amandla adonsela phansi ukuze adlulisele izinhlayiya ngokusebenzisa emkhakheni kagesi, Uzame ukubhekana nale nkinga ngezindlela eziningana. Stone et al (1988) echazwe inchubo lapho izinhlayiya emihle zisusiwe umfula we isihlukanisi electrostatic ngendiza elutriation. [10] Abanye baye babika nokugcina ukusakaza laminar umoya ogeleza yonkana electrode ukuvimbela izinhlayiya emihle ekuthonyweni umoya imisinga. [22Nokho, nokugcina Ukuhamba laminar iba eziyinselele njengoba idivayisi ngokwahlukana iba ezinkudlwana, ngempumelelo okulinganisela processing umthamo amadivayisi ezifana. Ekugcineni ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana lapho izingxenye isihlukene ngokomzimba kusuka kwamanye (samanje njengoba izinhlayiya ngokuqhubekayo), kuyoba umshayeli ngobukhulu ekunqumeni ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana lapho ukucubungula Kuyothi.
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ezivamile electrostatic amadivayisi ngokwahlukana kulinganiselwe processing umthamo, especially with low-density and finely ground powders such as plant materials. For high-tension drum and belt separation devices, the effectiveness is limited to particles that are relatively coarse and/or have high specific gravity, ngenxa isidingo zonke izinhlayiya ukuxhumana kobuso sigubhu. Njengoba izinhlayiya babe ezincane ukucutshungulwa izinga kuyehla. Parallel ipuleti separators zibuye engavimba kwabantu kuyizinhlayiyana ukuthi zingahlungwa ezonini electrode. Particle ukulayisha kumele kube iphansana ukuvimbela isikhala icala imiphumela.
ST Izinsiza kusebenza & Ubuchwepheshe Belt Isihlukanisi
I ST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe (STET) triboelectrostatic ibhande isihlukanisi inamandla wabonisa ukucubungula izinhlayiya emihle kusukela 500 - 1 μm. I isihlukanisi STET kuyinto ipuleti parallel isihlukanisi electrostatic, Nokho, amapuleti electrode kuthambekele nendawo njengoba kuqhathaniswa thwi njengoba kunjalo iningi parallel ipuleti separators. (Bheka Umfanekiso 6) Ngaphezu kwalokho, the isihlukanisi STET efeza lo tribo-ukushaja kuyizinhlayiyana futhi eveza kanyekanye ngumuntu ngesivinini anezikhala evulekile ibhande. Lesi sici sivumela kokubili eliphezulu kakhulu othize ukucutshungulwa izinga feed, kanye nokwazi ukucubungula izimpushana zikanokusho kakhulu kuka amadivayisi ezivamile electrostatic. Lolu hlobo idivayisi ngokwahlukana luqhubeka commercial kusukela 1995 uhlukanisa carbon unburned kusukela impukane umlotha amaminerali (D50 ejwayelekile cishe 20 μm) ezitshalweni zikagesi ezisebenza ngamalahle ngamalahle. Le divayisi ngokwahlukana electrostatic futhi uye waphumelela at beneficiating ezinye izinto wezinto, ezihlanganisa amaminerali ezifana calcium carbonate, talc, barite, nabanye.
Imininingwane eyisisekelo isihlukanisi STET zikhonjiswe ePhuzwini 7. I izinhlayiya icala by umphumela triboelectric ngokusebenzisa kuyizinhlayiyana-to-kuyizinhlayiyana ukushayisana phakathi igebe phakathi electrode. Voltage isicelo phakathi electrode esiphakathi ± 4 futhi ± 10 kV isihlobo emhlabathini, enikeza Imininingwane voltage umehluko 8 - 20 kV yonkana ungumthombo ongumngcingo kakhulu electrode igebe ngegama 1.5 cm (0.6 amayintshi). Okuphakelayo izinhlayiya bathulelwe isihlukanisi STET kwelinye izindawo ezintathu (Okuphakelayo Izimbobo) nge uhlelo distributor emoyeni slide ngommese esangweni valve. I isihlukanisi STET ukhiqiza imikhiqizo emibili kuphela, a omubi icala kuyizinhlayiyana ekusakazeni eqoqwe phezu electrode kahle icala, kanye omuhle icala kuyizinhlayiyana ekusakazeni eqoqwe phezu electrode omubi icala. Imikhiqizo ethunyelwayo kuya hoppers abafanele ngesikhathi ekupheleni isihlukanisi STET ngu ibhande isihlukanisi ngamunye futhi udlulisele aphume isihlukanisi amandla adonsela phansi. I isihlukanisi STET akanakuzala middlings noma bavuselele ekusakazeni, nakuba pass amaningi ukucupha ukuthuthukisa ubumsulwa umkhiqizo kanye / noma zokutakula kungenzeka.
Figure 6: STET Triboelectric Belt Isihlukanisi
Izinhlayiyana ethunyelwayo esikhaleni electrode (ngokuhlukana zone) ngu iluphu okuqhubekayo, evulekile anezikhala ibhande. Ibhande usebenza ngesivinini, variable kusuka 4 ukuze 20 m / s (13 - 65 ft / s). I-geometry we ibhande ukhonza wayofika izinhlayiya emihle ebusweni the electrode, ekuvimbeleni ekuqongeleleni izinhlayiya emihle elulaza ukusebenza voltage ensimini bendabuko ukuwa ipuleti parallel uhlobo ngokwahlukana amadivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhande yakha bodwa okusezingeni eliphezulu, okusezingeni eliphezulu omawala zone phakathi electrode amabili, ukugqugquzela tribo-ukushaja. I travel esiphikisayo samanje ibhande isihlukanisi ivumela ukushaja okuqhubekayo kanye kushajwe noma izinhlayiya ngaphakathi isihlukanisi, isidingo uhlelo pre-ukushaja umfula we isihlukanisi STET.
Figure 7: Kubaluleka ekusebenzeni STET Belt Isihlukanisi
I isihlukanisi STET kuyinto okusezingeni eliphezulu okuphakelayo izinga, okudayiswayo proven ukuhlelwa uhlelo. Umkhawulo processing umthamo we isihlukanisi STET ugxile umsebenzi we volumetric okuphakelayo izinga ukuthi zingavezwa esikhaleni electrode yi STET isihlukanisi ibhande. Okunye eziguquguqukayo, ezifana ijubane ibhande, ibanga phakathi electrode kanye ukuminyana evundile powder ukusebenza esiphezulu okuphakelayo izinga, ngokuvamile ngezinga elincane. Ukuze kuqhathaniswa Isidlulisilwazi izinto, Ngokwesibonelo, fly umlotha, esiphezulu ukucutshungulwa ngesilinganiso 42 intshi (106 cm) electrode ububanzi commercial ngokwahlukana iyunithi icishe 40 - 45 Amathani ihora okuphakelayo ngayinye. Ukuze kancane obukhulu okuphakelayo izinto, esiphezulu okuphakelayo izinga lingaphansi.
Ithebula 6: Lesilinganisiwe esiphezulu okuphakelayo Izinga izinto ezihlukahlukene licubunguliwe STET 42 intshi isihlukanisi electrostatic.
Uthuli ukuqhuma Uyi Ingozi enkulu amabele kanye nezinye powder organic ukucubungula imisebenzi. I isihlukanisi STET kufanelekile ekucubunguleni izimpushana ezivuthayo organic ukushintshwa ezincane kuphela. Azikho evele evuthayo ku isihlukanisi STET. Izingxenye ezinyakazayo kuphela kukhona isihlukanisi ibhande bese beshayela ezinamasondo. I amabombo roller zitholakala ngaphandle kokusakaza powder phezu igobolondo sangaphandle iyunithi. Ngakho-ke awayona ingozi ngoba okweqile / isusa ekusakazeni impahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le amabombo STET isihlukanisi ayatholakala nge ifektri zifakwa lokushisa nesilinganiso ikhono ukuthola nithela ukwehluleka kahle ngaphambi okushisa eyingozi okusezingeni eliphezulu usufinyelelwe. Ibhande isihlukanisi bese beshayela uhlelo abalona nengozi kunamanye ezivamile ligijima imishini. I STET isihlukanisi izingxenye high voltage nazo abatholakala ngaphandle kwe-ukusakaza impahla kanye eziqukethwe ezivalekile uthuli-Friend. Amandla esiphezulu ube yinhlansi yonkana igebe isihlukanisi ukhawulelwe ukuklanywa okusezingeni eliphezulu izingxenye voltage. An izinga ezengeziwe zokuphepha Ungaqala nge nitrogen ukukhipha.
Whole Wheat ufulawa Icubungula ngu STET Isihlukanisi
ufulawa lonke kakolweni lisuselwa ukugaya lonke uhlamvu lukakolweni (bran, igciwane, futhi endosperm). Ngokwezimakethe etholakalayo, ephuma eshalufini, ufulawa lonke kakolweni yathengwa ukusetshenziswa njengoba test impahla ukuhlola emakhono isihlukanisi STET ukususa bran fibrous futhi igciwane kusuka okunesitashi endosperm ingxenyenamba kafulawa kakolweni. Lonke ufulawa kakolweni isampula ngokuzuzisayo STET Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuvivinywa. Ash okuqukethwe ihlolwe ngu-ICC Standard 104 / 1 (900° C). Okuphindaphindayo umlotha yizilinganiso isampula esifanayo, i unseparated okuphakelayo isampula, kulinganiswa 10 izikhathi, kwatholakala ukuthi une-okuqukethwe umlotha we 1.61%, a emgomeni ka 0.01 kanye ukuphambuka isihlobo esezingeni 0.7%. usayizi Particle ukuhlaziywa eyaqedwa laser umumo womsebenzi usebenzisa Malvern Mastersizer 3000 nge ezomile ukuhlakazwa apharathasi. Amaphrotheni ukuhlaziywa lwenziwe kusetshenziswa indlela Dumas, nge N Elementary okusheshayo idlule nitrogen / amaprotheni analyzer. A ukuguqulwa Isici N x 6.25 yasetshenziselwa. I izakhiwo ezahlukene wonke ufulawa kakolweni isampula ibekwe kafushane lapha ngezansi. (Bona Ithebula 7)
Ithebula 7: Ukuhlaziya lonke ufulawa kakolweni okuphakelayo ngu STET
okuqukethwe Ash futhi ngoba aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi atholakale kuyaphindeka kakhulu uma ehlolwa isampuli efanayo, kodwa kokuhlukana abalulekile kwahlonzwa phakathi izikhwama eziningi kafulawa lonke kakolweni esetshenziswa njengoba isampula okuphakelayo. (Bona Ithebula 8) Lokhu kokuhlukana okuphakelayo isampula ekutheni abanye chitha e idatha yokuhlola.
Ithebula 8: Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela ngokwahlukana test kafulawa lonke ukolweni STET
Electrostatic ngokwahlukana ukuhlolwa lonke ufulawa kakolweni isampula senziwa ngesikhathi Izinsiza kusebenza ST & ubuchwepheshe (STET) umshayeli isitshalo wenkundla Needham, Massachusetts. Lesi sitshalo STET umshayeli iqukethe ezimbili separators umshayeli isikali STET kanye nokunye kokusiza esetshenziswa ukuphenya ukwehlukana izinto ezivela emithonjeni ikhandidethi. I separators umshayeli isikali STET zinobude obulinganako njengoba isihlukanisi commercial STET, ngesikhathi 30 izinyawo (9.1 amamitha) eside, Nokho, umshayeli isitshalo isihlukanisi electrode ububanzi kuphela 6 amayintshi (150 mm), noma omunye nesikhombisa ububanzi elikhulu kwezohwebo STET isihlukanisi ngesikhathi 42 amayintshi (1070 mm) electrode ububanzi. Umthamo okuphakelayo we isihlukanisi STET ngokuqondile wakhona ububanzi electrode, Ngakho-ke, izinga okuphakelayo we isihlukanisi umshayeli isitshalo ingenye nesikhombisa izinga okuphakelayo we-42 intshi ububanzi commercial isihlukanisi iyunithi. Umkhawulo okuphakelayo izinga ufulawa lonke kakolweni kwaba 2.3 Amathani ngehora ngesikhathi umshayeli isikali, okuhambelana 16 Amathani ngehora ukuze-42 intshi ububanzi isihlukanisi commercial. Uma kuqhathaniswa esikalini lapho iningi electrostatic izifundo ngokwahlukana kuye baye baqhuba kuze kube manje, ukuhlolwa STET isihlukanisi kwenziwa ngesikhathi feed izinga kakhulu ephakeme. Ukuhlola okwenziwa e 10 kg (20 iphawundi) ukuhlolwa batch, ngenxa yezakhi esisebenzayo lokuveza 2.3 Amathani ihora okuphakelayo ngokuqhubekayo ngayinye. Ukuze isimo ngasinye batch test, imikhiqizo yenqubo ngokwahlukana zazikalwa ukubala yokutakula mass. Subsamples kusuka test ngasinye zathathwa nokuhlaziwa ngoba umlotha kokuqukethwe kanye nokuqukethwe amaprotheni.
Figure 8: STET Pilot Plant Isihlukanisi.
usayizi Particle yokukala ufulawa lonke kakolweni feed bese amasampula amabili mkhiqizo kukhonjisiwe ngezansi ePhuzwini 9.
Figure 9: usayizi Particle nesilinganiso lonke kakolweni ufulawa okuphakelayo, kanye ahlukaniswe amasampula amabili umkhiqizo.
Isithombe esibizwa ngokuthi imikhiqizo ngokwahlukana walulama ihlanganiswe ngenzansi. (Bheka Umfanekiso 10) A lubonakale umbala shift kwaphawuleka phakathi ngokuhlukana, lapho lo ash okusezingeni eliphezulu umkhiqizo okuqukethwe ingxenyenamba kakhulu mnyama ngaphezu okuphakelayo lonke kakolweni ufulawa isampula.
Figure 10: imikhiqizo ejwayelekile walulama ngemva STET ngokwahlukana inqubo.
okuqukethwe Ash yonke imikhiqizo enchubeni ngokwahlukana sasibalwa. (Bheka Umfanekiso 11)
Figure 11: okuqukethwe Ash nokungabikho yokutakula mass ongaphakeme umlotha umkhiqizo lonke ufulawa kakolweni ngokwahlukana ukuvivinywa STET
Ukuhlola kwe-STET isihlukanisi electrostatic ufulawa lonke kakolweni wabonisa ukunyakaza enkulu umlotha okusezingeni eliphezulu (bran) ingxenyenamba ka ikhenela kakolweni kuya electrode omuhle. I encishisiwe umlotha mkhiqizo kamuva eqoqwe phezu electrode ezingezinhle. Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngo-pass uhlelo olulodwa, Nokho, kungenzeka ukwenza ngcono eminye noma imikhiqizo ngokwahlukana ngokwenza omunye esiteji ngokuhlukana. ukuhlolwa Ikusasa ne isihlukanisi STET izobanjelwa ku bran amasampula kakolweni, kanye nofulawa wombila nokusabhontshisi ezifana Lupin.
iziphetho
Ukubuyekezwa kwe izincwadi ezifanele ubonisa ukuthi ucwaningo abalulekile iye bazama ukuthuthukisa amasu electrostatic ngokuhlukana ngoba izinto zokwakha eziphilayo. Lesi senzakalo siye saqhubeka noma yashesha esikhathini esidlule 10 - 20 iminyaka, nabacwaningi abaningi eYurophu nase-United States nokusebenzisa amasu ngokwahlukana electrostatic ukuze ezihlukahlukene izinselele lokuhlomulisa. Kule ucwaningo, kusobala ukuthi izindlela electrostatic ezingadala ukukhiqiza entsha, imikhiqizo ephakeme ukubaluleka isitshalo, noma ukunikeza enye ukumanzisa zokuwugaya. Nakuba ekhuthaza abahlukanisayo kakolweni, corn kanye isitshalo izinto lupin ezisekelwe ziye kubonakala kweyoku-laboratory futhi kwezinye isikali amacala umshayeli, amasistimu electrostatic zisetshenziswe ukuze zibonise le miphumela kungase kungabi ofanele kakhulu noma engabizi processing imishini ukwenza ukuhlukana okunjalo nsuku commercial. ubuchwepheshe Abaningi electrostatic ayifanele inqubo fake phansi, ongaphakeme-ukuminyana izimpushana ezifana isitshalo izinto. Nokho, i-ST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe (STET) triboelectrostatic ibhande isihlukanisi inamandla wabonisa ukucubungula izinhlayiya emihle kusukela 500 - 1 μm ngamanani aphezulu. I isihlukanisi STET ibhande kuyinto izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuphakeme ezimbonini efakazelwe ukucutshungulwa kudivayisi ezingase zifaneleke ukuze commercialize ngentuthuko yamuva ekucubungululeni isitshalo impahla. I isihlukanisi STET ibhande lwavivinywa kusampula kafulawa lonke ukolweni kwatholakala ukuthi uphumelele ekususeni bran kusukela ingxenyenamba isitashi. ukuhlolwa Ikusasa ne isihlukanisi STET izobanjelwa ku bran amasampula kakolweni, kanye nofulawa wombila kanye pulses ezifana soy kanye lupin.
Izinkomba
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