Electrostatic Beneficiation ea phosphate tšepe: Tlhahlobo ea Work Fetileng le Puisano ea Improvised arohana System

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Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

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Electrostatic beneficiation ea phosphate tšepe: Tlhahlobo ya mosebetsi nakong e fetileng

le puisano ea tsamaiso e ntlafetseng ya karohano

J.D. Bittnere, S.A.Gasiorowskie, F.J.Hrache, H. Guicherdb, *

eST Equiment le Technology LLC, Needham, Massachusetts, usa

b,ST Helmets & Technology LLC, Avignon, France

inahaneloang

Beneficiation ea phosphate tšepe ke dithulaganyo omileng electrostatic e se e ile a leka ka bafuputsi ba tse fapa-fapaneng ho tloha 1940. Mabaka a ka sehloohong bakeng sa ho ntshetsa pele dithulaganyo omileng bakeng phosphate hlaphoheloa ke palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea metsi libakeng tse ling tse omeletseng, ditjeo flotation lik'hemik'hale, le ditjeo kalafo metsi a likhoerekhoere. Ha a ntse a dithulaganyo electrostatic ka 'na ha fana ka mefuta e meng ka ho feletseng flotation, ho ka ba loketse ka tlatsetsa ho tse ling melapo kang fokotsa difaene / slimes dikahare tsa manya pele ho flotation, sebetsa tailings flotation bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa tsa sehlahisoa lahlehile, le fokotsa tshusumetso tikoloho. Ha a ntse a le mosebetsi o mongata o ne o phethile sebelisa bobeli phahameng tsitsipano rolara le freefall separators ka sekala laboratori ea, bopaki feela ea tlhomamiso khoebo ke hoo e ka bang 1940 "Johnson" thulaganyou e ka Pierce Rafa FL; Ha ho na bopaki ka lingoliloeng tsa tšebeliso jwale khoebo ea electrostatics, Leha ho le joalo ba le thahasello e matla ka dithulaganyo ommeng o tsoela pele bakeng sa ho sebelisoa libaka omeletseng. Diporojeke tse sa tšoaneng ho etsa lipatlisiso e ile ea tlaleha hatisa hore ho lokisetsa fepa ka (mocheso, tlhophiso boholo, mahlahana conditioning) ba le tšusumetso e khōlō ka tshebetso. Le hoja ba bang karohano e ntle di finyelloa ka ho tlosa silica tloha phosphates, le ka mehlala e ka tlaase ea calcite le dolomite tloha phosphate, liphello e ba tse ka tlaase ho moo boikutlo bo nepahetseng ha litšila tse ngata tse teng. mosebetsi oa ho etsa lipatlisiso e tsoela pele ho hloekisa ka ho eketsehileng mekhoa tsena, empa mefokolo motheo ka tsamaiso ea tloaelehileng electrostatic kenyeletsa bokgoni tlaase, tlhokeho ya mekhahlelo multiple tsa ntlafatso e lekaneng ea manya, le mathata a tshebetso bakoang ke difaene. Ba bang ba mefokolo ea tsena ka 'na ba hlōloa ke dithulaganyo mocha electrostatic akarelletsa le kgaoganyo triboelectric lebanta.

© 2015 The Lingoli. E hatisitsoeng ke Elsevier Ltd.

Ea lithaka-tlhahlobo tlasa boikarabelo ba ho Komiti ea SYMPHOS Scientific 2015.

Keywords: phosphate, electrostatic; karohano; liminerale; likaroloana o motle; thulaganyou e ommeng

*e lekanang Mongoli: Tel: +33-4-8912-0306 E-mail aterese: guicherdh@steqtech.com

1877-7058 © 2015 The Lingoli. E hatisitsoeng ke Elsevier Ltd.

Ea lithaka-tlhahlobo tlasa boikarabelo ba Komiti ea SYMPHOS Scientific 2015.

J.D. Bittner e al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

1. Se tlalehiloe mosebetsi ka electrostatic beneficiation ea phosphate tšepe

Phosphate mahloriso tloha tšepe tsa tlhaho o nako e telele e entsoeng ke mefuta e fapaneng ya mekhoa sebelisa bokae ka linako tse ling mohlomong tsa metsi. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la khaello ea metsi ka mobung tse fapa-fapaneng phosphate lefatšeng ka bophara, hammoho le eketsa litšenyehelo tsa ho lumella le ho kalafo metsi a likhoerekhoere, ntshetsopeleng ya e atlehang, a moruo omileng thulaganyou e ke haholo lakatsehang.

Mekhoa bakeng sa omileng electrostatic sebetsa phosphate tšepe di sisintsweng le bontša ka sekala tse nyenyane ka lilemo tse fetang 70 lilemo tse. Leha ho le joalo, dikopo khoebo ea mekhoa ena ba 'nile ba feela haholo. The "Johnson thulaganyou e" [1] e ne e sebelisoa ka mokhoa oa thekiso ho qala ka 1938 bakeng sa ka nako e itseng ka dimela American temo lik'hemik'hale Company haufi Pierce Florida USA. Mokhoa ona o ile a sebelisa rarahaneng haholo letoto la li-electrode rolara (Figure 1) bakeng sa selotlolo sethaleng mahloriso tsa ho hlaphoheloa phosphate tloha deslimed tailings washery, flotation pele ho concentrates, kapa tailings flotation. Ho qala ka 15.4% P2The5 le 57.3% insoluble boitsebiso bo tailings o motle, ka motsoako oa tlhophiso boholo, desliming, le preconditioning tsa tailings e omisitsoeng, boitsebiso bo ka 33.7% P2The5 le feela 6.2% insoluble ile a hlaphoheloa. Ka mohlala o mong, ntlafatso ea tailings flotation le 2.91% P2The5 fella ka tholoana ea 26.7% P2The5 ka 80% hlaphoheloa. Johnson a hlokomela hore ho ne ho hlokahala hore ho tšoara washery tailings le lik'hemik'hale reagents tloaelo ho sebelisoa ka flotation phosphate ho fumana phahameng phosphate sehlopheng le hlaphoheloe. O ka ho toba e bua ka ho atleha ha mafura oli le mafura acid e reagents.

Figure 1, Johnson thulaganyou e sethusathuto le phallo lakane US Patent 2,135,716 le 2,197,865, 1940 [1][2]

Ha a ntse a tlhomamiso ena khoebo e bontšitsoeng lingoliloeng e le ho qala ka 1938, ho ke ke ha e hlakileng kamoo haholo kapa ka nako e kae tshebetso ena e ne e sebelisetsoa. Ka kakaretso ea hae ea boemo ba karohano electrostatic ho fihlela ho 1961, The. C. Ralston

[3]oa ngola o re hore hlano kholo Johnson separators ne hlomamisa e mong le e sebetsa ka 10 lithane tse / ka lebelo la -20 letlooeng iphepe. E mong le e kgaoganyo ne 10 Rolls phahameng le gagamalo sebelisoa ya 20 kV. Ha ho tse ling tsa khoebo-tekanyo e phosphate concentrators sebelisa electrostatics ne hlomamisa ka Florida ho ea ka Ralston. E Thehiloe ho tshebetso thepa tlhaloso, le bangodi

J.D. Bittner e al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

ba fihletse qeto ea hore matla a akaretsang ea tshebetso e ne e ena le tlaase mabapi le bokgoni ba dithulaganyo tse ling, tse kang metsi flotation. Tlaase bokgoni le ditshenyehelo tsa oma fepa ka manya ho tloha meepo metsi Florida ba ka 'na lebaka la ho fokotsa ho sebelisa tse ling tsa tshebetso ka 1940s le 1950s.

Ka bo-1950 'me basebetsi ba bo-1960 ho International liminerale & lik'hemik'hale Corporation (IMC) hlahloba kopo ya omileng dithulaganyo electrostatic karohano ya beneficiation matsoai. Floridian phosphate manya sebetsa e ne e le tsa thahasella ka ho khetheha ho IMC. Mosebetsi IMC sebelisoa ka bolokolohi ho oa kgaoganyo moralo ka linako tse ling le phatsa tjhaja ntlafatsoa ka ho fetisa ka agitator kapa impactor kang hamore kapa molamu leloala. [4] A litokelo tsa molao latelang [5] akarelletsa ba bang ntlafatswa tsa karohano ho sebelisa ditjhajara ea thepa e fapaneng, Leha ho le joalo le litokelo tsa molao ho qetela a letoto la lihlooho

[6]etsa qeto ea hore phatsa ikopanye le lefisa ka e mocheso phahameng (>70° F) e ne e le molemo ho feta ho sebedisa tsamaiso ya tjhaja. Moemeli mehlala ea diphetho tlalehiloe dipatenteng tsena li bontša ka ho Lethathamo 1.

tafole 1. diphetho tlalehiloe ho tloha International liminerale & lik'hemik'hale Patents 1955-1965

The dipatenteng tse fapa-fapaneng IMC hlahloba tšusumetso ea phatsa boholo, ho akarelletsa le ho e lokisa ya fokotsa ho tse fapa-fapaneng skrine nosi, Leha ho le joalo mosebetsi oa ho honyenyane amehang e ntle haholo (<45 μm) likaroloana. Sampole conditioning ho fapane haholo, ho akarelletsa le phetoho mocheso, pele ho hlatsoa le ho omisa, le mekhoa e fapaneng omisa (tobang omisa, halima omisa, mabone a mocheso le itseng Ire mekoloko wavelength). litšila fapaneng (i.e. silicates bapisiwa carbonates) hlokahala fapaneng tshwara le pretreatment mekhoa ho optimize karohano. Le hoja e le e hlakileng ho tsoa litlhaloso litokelo tsa molao hore IMC ile a leka ho hlahisa khoebo tekanyo e thulaganyou e, hlahloba lingoliloeng tseo ha e bontša hore e joalo e tlhomamiso ile kile hahoa le sebetsa setšeng efe kapa efe IMC.

Ka mosebetsi oa bo-1960 ka ho khetheha ka carbonate nang phosphate tšepe desde North Carolina o ne a ile a etsa ha a le laboratori North Carolina State University liminerale Research, [9] Sebedisa laboratori ea tekanyo e freefall kgaoganyo le motsoako maiketsetso tsa carbonate fatše khetla le phosphate pebble flotation mamelisise ka moqotetsane haholo boholo kgatlhanang (-20ho +48 letlooeng), ho etsa lipatlisiso ho bontša hore preconditioning boitsebiso bo nang le asiti mofero kapa mafura acid susumetsa qoso mong ka phosphate le jwalo ka ba positive kapa mpe. E batlang e karohano bohale ne a fumana. Leha ho le joalo, ha u sebelisa ka manya tsa tlhaho tse nang le palo e khōlō ea difaene, feela karohano empa mafutsana ne khoneha. Molemo ka ho fetisisa o ile a tlalehela arohana le masalla le tsoang flotation malebela ka P qalong2The5 mahloriso tsa 8.2% hlaphoheloa tholoana ea 22.1% P2The5. Ha ho boemo ba hlaphoheloa ile ha tlalehoa. haholo-holo, e mong oa le mathata tlalehile e ne e le ba sa hahe-up of difaene ka li-electrode ho kgaoganyo.

mosebetsi eketsehileng ka karohano electrostatic la North Carolina phosphate sebelisa phahameng tsitsipano rolara mofuta kgaoganyo

[10]a etsa qeto ea hore le hoja karohano ea phosphate le quartz ne ho ka khoneha, omisa theko ne prohibitive. Leha ho le joalo, fanoeng hore calcined phosphate tšepe tse ommeng, bafuputsi etsa tlhahiso ea hore electrostatic karohano ea tšepe joalo ka 'na ha khoneha. Karohano ya phosphates calcined le ne le futsanehile ka mosebetsi tlalehile. Karohano a hlaha ho ho amanang le boholo phatsa ena le ho sebopeho. lintlafatso tlhahiso akarelletsa tšebeliso ea litsamaiso tse ling electrostatic karohano, reagents ho ntlafatsa phatsa lefisa litšobotsi tse le haufi haholo skrine moleposelekanyi ea thepa. Ha ho na bopaki ba hore leha e le efe latela-up mosebetsi ile a etsa ka morero ona.

A batla a pele ho moo mosebetsi oa ho sebelisa phahameng-tsitsipano rolara separators [11] katleho tlosoa aluminium le tšepe metsoako tloha li matha-ba-ka manya tloha Florida. manya le ile omisitsoeng, sithabetseng, 'me ka hloko boholo bo lekaneng pele ho karohano. The P2The5 mahloriso e ile ea eketseha marginally tswa 30.1% ho 30.6% empa ho tlosoe Al le Fe metsoako nolofalletsa ka ho ka ba molemo morago ga moo e hlaphoheloe ke mekhoa flotation. Mosebetsi ona o bontša tšebeliso ea e kgaoganyo electrostatic ho rarolla le bothata ba ho ya manya itseng hore feela tloaelehileng metsi sebetsa.

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Hammoho le diphuputso ka karohano ea thepa tse ling tse ngata, Ciccu le sebedisana basebetsi ba lekoa karohano ya mefuta e fapaneng ya phosphate ho akarelletsa le mehloli tloha India tšepe, Algeria, Tunisia, le Angola. [12] Electrostatic karohano e ne e thahasellisa e le mefuta e meng ea ho flotation ho tloha e ka pono a moruo ka lebaka la 'nete ea hore mobung e khōlō ea phosphates li fumanoa libakeng tse omeletseng. [13] Sebelisa liteko tsa laboratori tse ka tekanyo e sa lefelloeng ho oa separators le "turbocharger", bafuputsi ba tsena e ne e khona ho fumana diphetho karohano tšoanang le dithulaganyo flotation tloha tšepe le o hlophisitsoeng batlang e le tse sa rarahanang gangue. ka ho toba, ba ile ba fumana hore phosphate qosoa ka sebele ka ho ba teng ha silica, empa mpe ka ho ba teng ha calcite. Leha ho le joalo, haeba manya leng palo e khōlō ea bobeli silica le carbonate, karohano electrostatic le ne le futsanehile 'me dithulaganyo flotation ipakile tenyetsehang ho feta bakeng sa ho fumana karohano e sebetsang. From lithuto tsa liphello tsa turbocharger tse lefisa ea likaroloana motho, bafuputsi ba tsena etsa qeto ea hore ho gangue tse bonahalang qosoa haholo-holo ke phatsa-phatsa ikopanye le ho ena le ho kopana le bokaholimo turbocharger. [13] [14] Lefisa ne a boetse a ela hloko haholo ho mocheso tse bonahalang, le karohano e ntle feela e ka fumanehang ka holimo 100 ° C. Ho phaella moo, ho ba teng ha boitsebiso bo molemo bakileng mathata ka kgaoganyo le litholoana tse molemo itshetlehile moleposelekanyi hloko likaroloana ka ho fihlela ho tse tharo boholo ranges pele ho karohano. A kgutsufatso ya diphetho ho tloha sehlopha sena se fanoa ka Lethathamo 2. Ha ho feletseng- dikopo tekanyo e bonahala eka ba ne kenngwa tshebetsong e thehiloeng mosebetsi ona.

tafole 2. diphetho tlalehiloe ho tloha Ciccu, le. ke al. ho tloha laboratori ea ka tekanyo e sa lefelloeng ho oa separators

Electrostatic karohano ya manya Egepeta ile a ithuta ka ho Hammoud, et al a. sebelisa liteko tsa laboratori tse ka tekanyo e sa lefelloeng ho oa kgaoganyo. [15] The manya sebediswa leng haholo-holo silica le tse ling tse insoluble ka P qalong2The5 mahloriso tsa 27.5%. Sehlahisoa hlaphoheloa o ile a P2The5 mahloriso tsa 33% le 71.5% hlaphoheloa.

Ho ithuta tse eketsehileng tsa manya Egepeta le gangue haholo-holo siliceous ile entsoeng ke Abouzeid, et al a. sebedisa kgaoganyo laboratori ea rolara. [16] bafuputsi ka ho khetheha o ne a batla ho tseba hore na dithekeniki omileng ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho / kapa dedust phosphate tšepe literekeng le khaello ea metsi. Thutong ena o ile a fumana sehlahisoa sa ka 30% P2The5 tswa tse bonahalang fepa ka le 18.2 % P2The5 le ho hlaphoheloa ya 76.3 % mora moleposelekanyi ka hloko ka lintho tse bonahalang e mengata e fapaneng moqotetsane pakeng 0.20 limilimithara le 0.09 limilimithara.

Ka morago ga moo e tlhahlobo sehlooho se reng koahela fapaneng tletse dithulaganyo beneficiation bakeng sa ho hlaphoheloa phosphate, Abouzeid tlaleha hore ha a ntse a electrostatic dithekeniki karohano ne atleha ntlafatso phosphate tšepe ka ho tlosa silica le carbonates, bokhoni ba tlaase ba separators e fumaneha feela ho sebelisa ha bona bakeng sa ho fana ka tlhahiso khoebo. [17]

Electrostatic karohano ea Florida tšepe ile a ithuta tsoa ke Stencel le Jian sebelisa laboratori ea phallo-hara mahala- ho oa kgaoganyo. [18] Sepheo e ne e le ho e 'ngoe ea mefuta e meng kapa tse tlatsetsang ho e lokisa sekemeng ho tsamaiso ea nako e telele-o ile a sebelisa flotation kaha flotation ne a ke ke ka sebelisoa ka lintho tse bonahalang tse ka tlase ho 105 μm. boitsebiso boo bo botle ne a mpa a landfilled, sephetho le ka felloa ke hoo e ka bang 30% ea phosphate le qalong epilwe. Ba lekoa deslimed manya tala, o motle iphepe flotation, rougher flotation mamelisise, le ea ho qetela flotation concentrates a fumana ho tswa ho dimela tse peli ho e lokisa ka Florida ka lebelo le fepa ka ho fihlela ho 14 lik'hilograma / hora ka kgaoganyo laboratori tekanyo. litholoana tse molemo karohano ne e ile ea tlaleha ka fepa ka o motle flotation (+0.1 limilimithara; ~ 12% P2The5) ho tloha mohloli o mong o ileng ntlafatswa ho 21-23% P2The5 ka makhalo a mabeli le 81- 87% P2The5 hlaphoheloa ka ho hana silica haholo-holo insoluble. liphello tse tšoanang li ne li finyelloa ha tribocharging ho fepa ka ho sebelisa ka ka pneumatici fetisetsana tube, kapa le manakana a potolohang tribo-tjhajeng.

Ka ho fetisisa sa tsoa tlaleha ho etsa lipatlisiso ka karohano electrostatic ea phosphate tšepe akarelletsa tsamaiso ea reretsoeng ho molemo optimize tjhaja ba thepa ea pele ho selelekela hore e be lokolohile ho oa kgaoganyo, Tao le Al-Hwaiti [19] tsebahatsa hore ho na le ne ho se na tšebeliso khoebo ea electrostatics bakeng beneficiation phosphate ka lebaka la ho litsamaiso tlaase

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throughput, bokgoni tlaase le hore ho hlokahala hore a sebetse le moqotetsane phatsa boholo kgaoganyeditsweng. bafuputsi ba tsena ka ho toba o ile a batla ho hlōla tlaase phatsa qoso segokanyipalo amanang le tsamaiso ea itšetleha ka phatsa ho phatsa o ikopanye kapa ama tsamaiso e bonolo tjhaja. Sebetsa le manya Jordanian le haholo-holo silica gangue, lintho tse bonahalang tse o ile a sithabetse ho -1.53 limilimithara 'me ka hloko a hana ho tlosa lintho tse bonahalang ka tlase 0.045 limilimithara. A tse nyenyane laboratori ea tekanyo e mahala-ho oa kgaoganyo ile loketseng le e neng e sa tsoa etselitsoeng potolohang tjhajeng etselitsoeng ka silindara sa ema le moqomo le manakana a potolohang, kapa tjhajeng, le e sebaka annular ka pakeng. E matla phepelo Link e ne e sebelisetsoa ho etsa kopo ya bokgoni ba motlakase pakeng tsa moqomo itima lijo le manakana a potolohang le silindara ema. Mora lefisa ke kopana le moqomo le manakana a potolohang, likaroloana ho feta hore e be tloaelehileng mahala-ho oa kgaoganyo. Ho sebetsa le 100 mob mobile methaka boholo le ho qala ka ho fepa ka hana P2The5 dikahare tsa 23.8%, mora makhalong a mabeli le ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho fihlela ho 32.11% P2The5 o ne a ile a hlaphoheloa, Leha ho le joalo feela ka hlaphoheloa ka kakaretso ya 29%.

Ka boiteko ba ho beneficiate difaene phosphate (< 0.1 limilimithara), Bada et al a. hiriloe le se nang ho oa kgaoganyo le le manakana a potolohang oona tsamaisong lefisa tšoana haholo le hore ba Tao e.[20]. Boitsebiso bo qalang e ne e le ho tloha ka flotation mamelisise nang difaene le P2The5 ya 28.5%. A sehlahisoa sa 34.2% P2The5 o ne a ile a hlaphoheloa, empa hape le e sekhahla hlaphoheloa tlaase ya 33.4%.

Sena "oa rotary triboelectrostatic mahala-ho oa kgaoganyo" ile a boela a etsa kōpo ea ho beneficiation omileng ea phosphates ke Sobhy le Tao. [21] Sebetsa le e sithabetseng dolomitic phosphate pebble tloha Florida le e pharaletseng haholo phatsa boholo kgatlhanang (1.25 limilimithara – <0.010 limilimithara), e phosphate mamelisise le 1.8% MgO le 47% P2The5 hlaphoheloa ile hlahiswa ho tloha ka fepa ka ho qala ka hoo e ka bang 23% P2The5 le 2.3% MgO. Sephetho Optimum ka sesebediswa laboratori tekanyo ne finyelloa ha ho fepa 9 lik'hilograma / ka lebelo le - 3kV sebelisoa ho tjhajeng oa rotary. The bokgoni karohano ile ha tlalehoa ho felle feela ka ho bobeli ba tokoloho e fokolang ya ya lintho tse bonahalang e likaroloana tse khōlō le tshitsiso tsa boholo bo fapaneng phatsa ka kamoreng e ka karohano.

diphetho molemo li ne li finyelloa ha sebetsana le flotation iphepe sampole le tsesaane phatsa boholo aba 1 ho 0.1 limilimithara. Ka P qalong2The5 dikahare tsa hoo e ka bang 10%, disampole sehlahisoa ne a fumana le hoo e ka bang 25% P2The5 dikahare, P2The5 hlaphoheloa ya 90%, le ho hana 85% ea quartz e. Sena bokgoni bontša ile a hlokomela e le molemo haholo ho feta hore o ile a fumana ka kgaoganyo mahala-ho oa le tsamaiso ho feta tloaelehileng tjhaja ka sebediswa ke Stencel [18] ho bontša molemo oa neng e sa tsoa etselitsoeng oa rotary tjhajeng. Sebetsana ka flotation mamelisise nang 31.7% P2The5 fella ka tholoana ea moholo ho feta 35% P2The5 le ho hlaphoheloa ya 82%. ntlafatso ena e ile ile a hlokomela hore ba molemo ho feta kamoo ho ka khonehang ke flotation.

Sena laboratori ea tekanyo e kgaoganyo le tsamaiso karohano bophara ba 7.5 cm, e ile ea hlalosoa e le ho ba le matla a 25 lik'hilograma / ka lebelo, lekanang le a ho 1/3 tonne / ka lebelo la / mitha ea bophara. Leha ho le joalo, e tlalehile liphello tsa ho sekhahla iphepe ka bokgoni karohano ile a bontša hore karohano homolog ne a fumana ka feela 9 lik'hilograma / ka lebelo kapa hanyenyane fetang a le mong-boraro le bokgoni ba ipolela hore ke ea tsamaiso.

ka kakaretso, mosebetsi oa pejana ka electrostatic ntlafatso ea phosphate tšepe e se e lekanyetsoeng ke nako e tjhaja mong ka gangue rarahaneng le tšusumetso e kotsi ea litla phatsa boholo, ka ho khetheha, phello ea difaene. Boholo e khōlō ea mosebetsi oa ho ameha feela laboratori ea thepa tekanyo e le ha ho na netefaletsokaelo hore tekanyo e khoebo, tswelela pele thepa sebetsa ka sebelisoa. Ho phaella moo, le maikarabelong tlaase ya fumaneha electrostatic thepa thulaganyou e entse dikopo khoebo uneconomical.

2. Mefokolo ea tloaelehileng dithulaganyo electrostatic karohano

Phahameng khatello ea kelello rolara electrostatic tsamaiso ea karohano e neng e sebelisoa ke Groppo [10] le Kouloheris et al a. [11] ka tloaelo sebediswa bakeng sa ntlafatsa a sa tšoaneng thepa ha karolo e 'ngoe e conductive ho feta ba bang. Ka dithulaganyo tsena, lintho tse bonahalang tse o lokela ho ikopanya le e moqomo motheo o tiileng kapa poleiti ka tloaelo ho ka mor'a hore likaroloana tse bonahalang di hlonamisitsoe qosoa ka ionizing Corona tjhajoloha. thepa Conductive tla lahleheloa ke qoso bona ka potlako le ka ho lahleloa tloha moqomo le. bao e seng- lintho tse bonahalang conductive tsoela pele ho khahloa ke moqomo le ho tloha qoso tla dissipate butle ho feta 'me a tla oela kapa ho brushed tloha moqomo le ka mor'a ho arohana le boitsebiso khanna.

Setshwantshothalo latelang (Figure 2) e bontša likarolo tsa motheo tsa mofuta ona wa kgaoganyo. dithulaganyo tsena ke

J.D. Bittner e al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

feela boemong ka lebaka la ho ikopanya tlhokigang mong le o mong phatsa ho moqomo kapa poleiti. The e sebetsa ka separators moqomo moqolo ba boetse ba felle feela likaroloana tse ka bang 0.1mm kapa haholoanyane boholo ka lebaka la le hore ho hlokahala bobeli sa ho ikopanya le lekapa le motheo o tiileng le ho hlokahalang dipharologanyo phallo phatsa. Likaroloana tsa boholo bo fapaneng o tla le bona ba na dipharologanyo fapaneng phallo e loketseng ho litla inertial le tla fella ka karohano e thefulehile habohloko.

Figure 2: Drum electrostatic kgaoganyo (Moholo le Yan, 2003 [22]

The feela leka tshebediso ya ho phosphate beneficiation ke ka lebaka la ho sebopeho bao e seng conductive tsa phosphates bobeli le tloaelehileng gangue tse bonahalang. Kouloheris hlokomela haholo-holo ba bang ba tlosa tšepe le aluminium nang likaroloana hore, ka lebaka la ho mofuta ba bona conductive, ba "lahleloa" ho tloha rolara ho. Boteng ba mofuta ona ba lintho tse bonahalang e tšepe phosphate ha ho tloaelehile hore batho. Groppo ile ba hlokomela hore lintho tse bonahalang feela hore o ne a "Pinned" ho rolara e le "bao e seng mokhanni" ba ne ba lefisoa, e leng se bontšang ka ho arohana ke phatsa boholo ho ena le ho hlophisoa lintho tse bonahalang. [9] Ka khoneha ntle le mabaka a sa tloaelehang, tšepe phosphate ha amenable ho beneficiation ke phahameng tsitsipano rolara separators.

Drum separators rolara le tsona li sebelisoa ka diphetolo le hore itšetleha ka triboelectric tjhaja ya likaroloana ho ena le ho tjhaja hlohlelletsoa ke ionization hlohlelletsoa ke tšimo e phahameng-tsitsipano. li-electrode le 'ngoe kapa ho feta hantle holimo moqomo le, tse kang ea "ee sa fetoleng boemo" eleketrode bontšitsoe Figure 2, li sebelisoa ho 'phahamisa "likaroloana ho tefo bo fapaneng ho tloha holim' moqomo. Joalo tsamaiso e ne e sebelisoa ke Abouzeid, et al a. [16] ea ileng a fumana hore bokgoni karohano ile tsa fetoloa ho itšetlehile ka polarity le sebelisoa ka gagamalo tsa li-electrode ho ee sa fetoleng boemo. The Process Johnson [1] sebediswa phetoho e 'ngoe ea ka kgaoganyo moqomo rolara. Leha ho le joalo, bokhoni ba fokolang le ka bokgoni ba ho tsamaiso le 'ngoe rolara isang litsamaiso rarahane haholo tse kang ho bontšitsoe Figure 1. Joalokaha ho boletsoe ka holimo, ho bonahala eka ho rarahana hona le ka kakaretso inefficiency tsa tshebetso ka matla haholo, feela kopo lona.

karohano Triboelectrostatic ha e felle karohano ya conductive / bao e seng conductive thepa empa li itšetlehile ka lipono tse makatsang tsa phetiso qoso ka ho ikopanya le frictional ea thepa le k'hemistri dissimilar holim. ketsahalo ena e 'nile ea sebelisoa ka "bolokolohi ho oa" dithulaganyo karohano ka lilemo tse mashome. tšebetso e joalo e bontšoa ka ho Figure 3. Dikarolo tsa motsoako oa likaroloana pele ho ntshetsa pele liqoso fapaneng ke ho ikopanya le e ka ba ka holim'a tšepe, jwalo ka tribo-tjhajeng, kapa ke phatsa ho phatsa o ikopanye, jwalo ka fluidized sesebediswa bethe fepa. E le likaroloana baa oa ka

J.D. Bittner e al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

tšimo ea motlakase ka libaka eleketrode, tsela e mong le e phatsa e khutlisetsa sepakapakeng ho ella eleketrode ho tefo bo fapaneng. Mora sebakeng se itseng, pokello tsa seretse tse hiriloe ho arole ba melapo. ditlhomo tloaelehileng hloka mekhahlelo multiple kgaoganyo le recycle ea karoloana middling. Ba bang ba le disebediswa tse sebelisa nōka e tsitsitseng ea khase ho thusa fetisetsana ya likaroloana ka ka libaka eleketrode.

Figure 5: "Free ho oa" triboelectrostatic kgaoganyo

Ho ena le ho itšetlehile feela ka phatsa ho phatsa ikopanye le ho susumelletsa qoso phetiso, tsamaiso ea tse ngata tsa mofuta ona sebelisa "tjhajeng" karolo entsoe ka lintho tse bonahalang e le a khetha ka kapa ntle le sebelisoa gagamalo ho ntlafatsa phatsa tjhaja. Ka bo-1950, Lawver fuputswa sebedisa disebediswa tsa ho tse fapa-fapaneng ho akarelletsa le hamore leloala le molamu leloala ho recharge tse bonahalang pakeng tsa mekhahlelo e karohano [4] hammoho le ditjhajara e bonolo poleiti ea thepa e sa tšoaneng. [5] [6] Leha ho le joalo, Lawver etsa qeto ea hore mocheso lintho tse bonahalang e ne e le tsa overriding bohlokwa le phatsa-phatsa qoso phetiso holimo mocheso ambient feela diphetho molemo ho feta ho sebelisoa ha tjhajeng ka. Lounge et al a. [12] fuputswa tekanyo mong ka phetiso qoso le etsa qeto ea hore nyenyane gangue lintho tse bonahalang e fumanweng qoso haholo-holo ka phatsa-phatsa ikopanye le ka lebaka la ho kgonego tlaase ya tshusumetso maqhubu le poleiti tjhajeng. Sena se bontša ka moedi ho sebedisa ea litsamaiso tjhajeng: likaroloana tsohle lokela ho iteanya le ba tjhajeng holim kahoo tekanyo fepa ka e lokela ho ba batlang e le e tlase. Contact ka ntlafala ka ho sebelisa maemo a moferefere bakeng sa ho fetisa boitsebiso boo kapa ke ho sebelisa kgolo holim'a sebaka seo ho fallela tjhajeng. Mosebetsi tsa morao tjena tsa Tao [19] le Bada [20] le Sobhy [21] sebelisa ho khethehileng etselitsoe le manakana a potolohang tjhajeng le gagamalo dirisega empa feela ka e nyenyane haholo tekanyo e laboratori ea kgaoganyo. Le hoja sena e ntlafala ha tjhaja moralo e se e bontšitse hore ba phahametse tsamaiso ea ba baholo, o ile a bontša e lokisa maikarabelong ba litsamaiso tsena ba ntse ba tlaase haholo. [21]

mofuta ona wa ea bolokolohi ho oa kgaoganyo boetse o na le mefokolo ka phatsa boholo ba lintho tse bonahalang tse hore a ka ho sebetswa. Ho phalla hare ho libaka eleketrode tlameha ho laoloa ho fokotsa loebehlanang ho qoba "smearing" ho arohana le. The tsela ea likaroloana bo botle ba ho feta ba tlisa ho ke loebehlanang tloha aerodynamic e hula mabotho a ka likaroloana motle ke seholo ho feta sa makhotla a khoheli le electrostatic. bothata bona li ka hlōloa ka tsela e ha lintho tse bonahalang le e batlang e moqotetsane phatsa boholo mefuta e fapaneng e sebetswa. Karolo e khōlō ea ho etsa lipatlisiso tšohloa ka holimo e ne e akarelletsa pele ho screening lintho tse bonahalang ka mekoloko fapaneng boholo e le hore ba optimize karohano. [5] [6] [7] [9] [12] [14] [16] [19] [20] [21] The

J.D. Bittner e al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

phapang ea 8 ho 20 kV. lebanta, eo e entsoe ka polasetiki bao e seng khanna, ke letlooeng kgolo le ka 60% sebakeng bulehileng. likaroloana ho ka ba bonolo feta ka mekoting ka lebanta la. Holim 'a kena lekhalo pakeng tsa li-electrode ho le likaroloana hlonamisitsoe qosoa ba khahloa ke mabotho a motlakase tšimo ho li-electrode tlase positive,. The likaroloana sebele qosoa ba khahloa ke ho hlonamisitsoe qosoa eleketrode holimo. Lebelo la ho tswelang pele lebanta sekgoqetsane ke polygonal tswa 4 ho 20m / s. The le geometry ea sefapano-tataiso ea palesa sebeletsa ho fiela ka likaroloana theoha li-electrode ho ba susumelletsa hore ba ikutloeleng qetellong e loketseng ea kgaoganyo le morao ka phahameng libaka kuta pakeng tsa likarolo tse sa oppositely fallela tsa lebanta la. Hobane phatsa palo segokanyipalo ke kahoo e phahameng hara lekhalo pakeng tsa li-electrode ho (hoo e ka bang e 'ngoe- boraro molumo e lula likaroloana) le phallo e matla Halefang, ho na le thulana tse ngata pakeng tsa likaroloana le homolog tjhaja etsahalang tswelela pele ho pholletsa le libaka karohano. The stats-hona joale phallo hlohlelletsoa ke oppositely fallela dikarolo lebanta le tsoele pele botjha lefisa le botjha karohano baka stats jwale multistage karohano ka hare sethusathuto e le 'ngoe. Sena tjhaja e tsoelang pele le recharging ya likaroloana ka hare kgaoganyo ho felisa leha e le efe e hlokehang "tjhajeng" tsamaiso pele ho kenyelletsa lintho tse bonahalang ho kgaoganyo ho, ka tsela eo ho tlosa ka moedi tebileng bokgoni ba separators tse ling electrostatic. The khumo ea kgaoganyo ena ke melapo e 'meli, e mamelisise le masalla, ntle le middlings le molapo. The ka bokgoni ba ho kgaoganyo ena e se e bontšitse hore ho ba lekana le hoo e ka bang tse tharo mekhahlelo ea bolokolohi-ho oa karohano le middlings recycle.

Matsoai A End

Figure 7: Metheo e ea STET lebanta la kgaoganyo

The karohano haholo sebetsang hantle ya likaroloana ka tlase ho 0.5 limilimithara etsang sena se setle le proven kgetho bakeng sa karohano ea difaene (leru la lerole) tswa potash omileng sila tshebetsong. The STET kgaoganyo ka sebetsa e mengata e fapaneng boholo bo phatsa ka tsela e atlehileng ka ntle ho hore ho hlokahala hore tlhophiso ka mekoloko moqotetsane boholo. Ka lebaka la pherekano ea matla, ea phahameng kuta sekhahla pakeng mabanta ho fallela, le matla a ho sebetsana le likaroloana e ntle haholo (<0.001 limilimithara) le ST kgaoganyo ka 'na a atleha ho arola phosphate manya slimes moo tse ling separators electrostatic ba hlōlehile.

3.1 Motse-moholo 'me a sebetsa Ditjeo

A ho ithuta theko bapisang a ne a laeloa ke STET le entsoeng ke Soutex Inc. [25] Soutex ke Quebec Canada thehiloeng boenjiniere le khampani le boiphihlelo e pharaletseng ka bobeli metsi flotation le electrostatic karohano thulaganyou e sekasekale le moralo. ho ithuta ho bapisoa le motse-moholo 'me a sebelisa mehaho ditshenyehelo tsa triboelectrostatic thulaganyou e lebanta karohano ho tloaelehileng froth flotation bakeng sa beneficiation a tlaase sehlopheng barite manya. Ditjeo sebetsa li ne li hakanyetsoa ho kenyeletsa mosebetsi o boima ho sebetsa, tokiso, eneji, le (motlakase le mafura), le consumables (e.g, lik'hemik'hale ditjeo reagent bakeng flotation). litšenyehelo input ne e thehiloeng melao ea boitšoaro e tloaelehileng bakeng sa semela inahaneloang haufi Battle Mountain, Nevada USA. Litšenyehelo kakaretso ea beng ba fetang lilemo tse leshome e ile balwa tswa litšenyehelo matlotlo le ho sebelisa mehaho ke ho nka e

J.D. Bittner e al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

8% theolelo sekhahla. Diphetho tsa theko bapisoa ba teng le ka diphesente a lekanyelitsoeng ka Lethathamo 3. tafole 3. Theko bapisoa bakeng Barite Processing

Kakaretso theko theko ea thepa ea motse-moholo bakeng sa triboelectrostatic lebanta thulaganyou e karohano e hanyenyane ka tlase ho bakeng sa flotation. Leha ho le joalo ha ditshenyehelo palo yohle motse-moholo e balwa ho kenyeletsa thepa ea tlhomamiso, piping le motlakase ditjeo, le ditjeho thulaganyou e na le mohaho, phapang e kholo. Kakaretso ea motse-moholo theko bakeng sa triboelectrostatic lebanta thulaganyou e karohano ke 63.2% ya theko ea ho flotation. Litšenyehelo haholo ka tlaase bakeng sa tshebetso e ommeng tlisoang ke ho le lakane pete phallo. Ditjeo sebetsa bakeng sa triboelectrostatic lebanta thulaganyou e karohano ke 75.5% ea ho flotation ka lebaka la ho ditlhoko haholo-holo tlaase badirimmogong ba ho sebelisa mehaho le tshebediso ya eneji, ka tlaase.

Litšenyehelo kakaretso ea beng ba triboelectrostatic lebanta thulaganyou e karohano ke haholo ka tlaase ho moo ho feta bakeng sa flotation. Mongoli ithuta, Soutex Inc., etsa qeto ea hore ho triboelectrostatic lebanta karohano thulaganyou e fana ka menyetla e totobetseng ka CAPEX, OPEX, le tsela e bonolo a tshebetso.

4. kakaretso

Ha a ntse a beneficiation ea phosphate ke dithulaganyo omileng electrostatic tšepe e se e ile a leka ka bafuputsi ba tse fapa-fapaneng ho tloha 1940 ho na le e bile haholo moedi tshebediso ya dithulaganyo joalo ka tekanyo e khoebo. Katleho e fokolang e bile ka lebaka la ho mefuta e fapaneng ya lintlha attributable ho kgaoganyo tsamaiso ea merero le ho rarahana ha tšepe ea.

ho lokisetsa Feed (mocheso, tlhophiso boholo, mahlahana conditioning) na le tšusumetso e khōlō ka tshebetso litsamaiso karohano. Menyetla ya mosebetsi o eketsehileng sebakeng sena, ka ho khetheha ho morolo ea mahlahana lik'hemik'hale conditioning ho ntlafatsa differential tjhaja ya likaroloana ho etsa hore bokgoni haholoanyane karohano latelang. Tshebediso ya jwalo mahlahana qoso-fetola ka 'na fella ka dithulaganyo tse ka katleho beneficiate tšepe le lintho tse bonahalang tse rarahaneng gangue, ho akarelletsa le silicates bobeli le carbonates.

Ha mosebetsi o ntse o tsoela pele ho hloekisa ka ho eketsehileng mekhoa tsena, mefokolo motheo ka tsamaiso ea tloaelehileng electrostatic kenyeletsa bokgoni, ho hlokahala bakeng sa mekhahlelo e multiple tsa ntlafatso e lekaneng ea manya, le mathata a tshebetso bakoang ke difaene. E le hore solofetsang dikopo khoebo ka tekanyo ea mekhoa bontša laboratori ea, lintlafatso bohlokoa lokela ho etswa ho tiisetsa ka tšeptjoang, tshebetso e tswelang pele ntle le ho senyeha ha ya bokgoni.

The STET triboelectric kgaoganyo fana ka indasteri matsoai sebetsa le ho bolela ho beneficiate thepa e ntle le e thekenoloji ka ho feletseng omileng. Tsela botsoalle tikoloho ka felisa sebetsa metsi le hlokahalang omisa ea lintho tse bonahalang tse ho qetela. Tsela STET sebetsang ka bokgoni ba phahameng - ho fihlela ho 40 tonnes ka hora ke mochine o diseke ee. The STET kgaoganyo ka sebetsa e mengata e fapaneng boholo bo phatsa ka tsela e atlehileng ka ntle ho hore ho hlokahala hore tlhophiso ka mekoloko moqotetsane boholo. Ka lebaka la pherekano ea matla, ea phahameng kuta sekhahla pakeng mabanta ho fallela, le matla a ho sebetsana le likaroloana e ntle haholo (<0.001 limilimithara) le STET kgaoganyo ka 'na a atleha ho arola slimes tloha tšepe phosphate moo tse ling separators electrostatic ba hlōlehile. tshebediso ya Energy e tlaase, hoo e ka bang 1-2 kWh / tonnes boitsebiso sebetswa. Ho tloha feela 'nang mohlapo oa tshebetso ke leru la lerole, lumella e ka tloaelo ho ba bonolo.

J.D. Bittner e al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

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[3]O.C. Ralston, Electrostatic arohana ea dilo tse di komota tsoakane Granular, Elsevier Publishing Company, ha e sa hatisoa, 1961.

[4]J.E. Lawver, Tšepe e Beneficiation Method US Patent 2723029 November 1955

[5]J.E. Lawver, Beneficiation ya Bao e seng metallic liminerale. US Patent 2,754,965 July 1956

[6]J.E. Lawver, Beneficiation ea phosphate tšepe US Patent 3,225,923 Dec 1965

[7]C. C. Cook, Beneficiation Method le didiriswa tse di tlwaeditsweng hona, United States Patent # 2,738,067, March, 1956

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[11]A.P. Kouloheris, MOF. Huang, Dry tse qotsitsoeng 'me a tlhoekiso ea majoe phosphate tloha li matha-ba-ka lefika, United States Patent # 3,806,046, Mmesa 1974

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[13]R. Brillante, M. Eya, Beneficiation ba itsetlehe sedimentary phosphate tšepe ke flotation khetha kapa electrostatic karohano, ditsamaiso, ho tšoareloang liboka FIPR 1993, 135-146.

[14]R. Brillante, M. Eya, G. Ferrara Khetha tribocharging ea likaroloana tsa karohano, Kona phofo le phatsa Journal 1993, 11, 5-15.

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[17]A.Z.M. Abouzeid, 'Meleng le mogote kalafo ea phosphate tšepe - An kakaretso, Journal ea machaba ea matsoai Processing, 2008, 85, 59-84.

[18]J.M. Stencel, X. Jiang pneumatici Transport, Triboelectric Beneficiation bakeng sa Florida phosphate Industry, Tlaleha ho qetela lokiselitsoeng Institute of Research phosphate Florida, FIPR Project 01-02-149R, December 2003.

[19]D. motho, M. Al-Hwaiti, Beneficiation ithuta Eshidiya phosphorites sebelisa oa rotary triboelectrostatic kgaoganyo, Meepo Saense le Technology 20 (2010) maq. 357-364.

[20]S. The. haeba, I.M. phakoe, R.M.S. phakoe, C.P, Bergmann, Bokgono ithuta ka mahloriso triboelectrostatic ya <105μm phosphate manya. Journal ea Institute of morafo le Metallurgy Southern African, E se eka 2012, 112, 341-345.

[21]A. Sobhy, D. motho, Tlhamosea RTS theknoloji beneficiation omileng ea phosphate, SYMPHOS 2013 - 2eff Neheletsano ea machaba ka popontshwa ya thekeniki ya le Technology bakeng sa phosphate Industry. Procedia Engineering, Vol. 83 maq 111-121, 2014.

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[24]J.D. Bittner, F.J. Hrach, S.A. Gasiorowski, L.A. Canellopoulus, H. Guicherd, Triboelectric lebanta kgaoganyo bakeng beneficiation oa liminerale o motle, SYMPHOS 2013 - 2eff Neheletsano ea machaba ka popontshwa ya thekeniki ya le Technology bakeng sa phosphate Industry. Procedia Engineering, Vol. 83 maq 122-129, 2014.

[25]J.D. Bittner, K.P. Flynn, F.J. Hrach, Atolosa dikopo ho omileng triboelectric karohano oa liminerale, Ditsamaiso tsa XXVII International matsoai Processing Congress - IMPC 2014, Santiago, Chile, Oct 20 - 24, 2014.