November 10, 2015

Expanding Applications in Dry Triboelectric Separation of Minerals

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ST Equipment & Technology has developed a processing system based on triboelectrostatic belt separation that provides the mineral processing industry a means to beneficiate fine materials with an entirely dry technology…

Expanding Applications in Dry Triboelectric Separation of Minerals

Expanding Applications in Dry Triboelectric

Separation of Minerals

James D. Bittner, Kyle P. Flynn, and Frank J. Hrach

ST Equipment & Technology LLC, Needham Massachusetts 02494 USA

Tel: +1‐781‐972‐2300, email: jbittner@titanamerica.com

ABSTRACT

ST Equipment & Technology, LLC (STET) has developed a processing system based on triboelectrostatic belt separation that provides the mineral processing industry a means to beneficiate fine materials with an entirely dry technology. In contrast to other electrostatic separation processes that are typically limited to particles greater than 75μm in size, the triboelectric belt separator is ideally suited for separation of very fine (<1μm) to moderately coarse (300μm) particles with very high throughput. The high efficiency multi‐stage separation through internal charging/recharging and recycle results in far superior separations that can be achieved with a conventional single‐stage free‐ fall triboelectrostatic separator. The triboelectric belt separator technology has been used to separate a wide range of materials including mixtures of glassy aluminosilicates/carbon, calcite/quartz, talc/magnesite, and barite/quartz. An economic comparison of using the triboelectrostatic belt separation versus conventional flotation for barite / quartz separation illustrates the advantages of dry processing for minerals.

Keywords: minerals, dry separation, barite, triboelectrostatic charging, belt separator, fly ash

INTRODUCTION

The lack of access to fresh water is becoming a major factor affecting the feasibility of mining projects around the world. According to Hubert Fleming, former global director for Hatch Water, “Of all the mining projects in the world that have either been stopped or slowed down over the past year, it has been, in almost 100% of the cases, a result of water, either directly or indirectly” Blin (2013). Dry mineral processing methods offer a solution to this looming problem.

Wet separation methods such as froth flotation require the addition of chemical reagents that must be handled safely and disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner. Inevitably it is not possible to operate with 100% water recycle, requiring disposal of at least of portion of the process water, likely containing trace amounts of chemical reagents.

Dry methods such as electrostatic separation will eliminate the need for fresh water, and offer the potential to reduce costs. One of the most promising new developments in dry mineral separations is the triboelectrostatic belt separator. This technology has extended the particle size range to finer particles than conventional electrostatic separation technologies, into the range where only flotation has been successful in the past.

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TRIBOELECTROSTATIC BELT SEPARATION

The triboelectrostatic belt separator utilizes electrical charge differences between materials produced by surface contact or triboelectric charging. When two materials are in contact, material with a higher affinity for electrons gains electrons and thus charges negative, while material with lower electron affinity charges positive. This contact exchange of charge is universally observed for all materials, at times causing electrostatic nuisances that are a problem in some industries. Electron affinity is dependent on the chemical composition of the particle surface and will result in substantial differential charging of materials in a mixture of discrete particles of different composition.

In the triboelectrostatic belt separator (Figures 1 and 2), material is fed into the thin gap 0.9 – 1.5 cm (0.35 ‐0.6 in.) between two parallel planar electrodes. The particles are triboelectrically charged by interparticle contact. For example, in the case of coal combustion fly ash, a mixture of carbon particles and mineral particles, the positively charged carbon and the negatively charged mineral are attracted to opposite electrodes. The particles are then swept up by a continuous moving open‐mesh belt and conveyed in opposite directions. The belt moves the particles adjacent to each electrode toward opposite ends of the separator. The electric field need only move the particles a tiny fraction of a centimeter to move a particle from a left‐moving to a right‐moving stream. The counter current flow of the separating particles and continual triboelectric charging by carbon‐mineral collisions provides for a multistage separation and results in excellent purity and recovery in a single‐pass unit. The high belt speed also enables very high throughputs, up to 40 tonnes per hour on a single separator. By controlling various process parameters, such as belt speed, feed point, electrode gap and feed rate, the device produces low carbon fly ash at carbon contents of 2 % ± 0.5% from feed fly ashes ranging in carbon from 4% to over 30%.

Figure 1. Schematic of triboelectric belt separator

The separator design is relatively simple. The belt and associated rollers are the only moving parts. The electrodes are stationary and composed of an appropriately durable material. The belt is made of plastic material. The separator electrode length is approximately 6 meters (20 ft.) and the width 1.25 meters (4 ft.) for full size commercial units. The power consumption is about 1 kilowatt‐hour per tonne of material processed with most of the power consumed by two motors driving the belt.

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Figure 2. Detail of separation zone

The process is entirely dry, requires no additional materials and produces no waste water or air emissions. In the case of carbon from fly ash separations, the recovered materials consist of fly ash reduced in carbon content to levels suitable for use as a pozzolanic admixture in concrete, and a high carbon fraction which can be burned at the electricity generating plant. Utilization of both product streams provides a 100% solution to fly ash disposal problems.

The triboelectrostatic belt separator is relatively compact. A machine designed to process 40 tonnes per hour is approximately 9.1 meters (30 ft) long, 1.7 meters (5.5 ft.) wide and 3.2 meters (10.5 ft.) high. The required balance of plant consists of systems to convey dry material to and from the separator. The compactness of the system allows for flexibility in installation designs.

Figure 3. Commercial triboelectrostatic belt separator

Comparison to other electrostatic separation processes

The triboelectrostatic belt separation technology greatly expands the range of materials that can be beneficiated by electrostatic processes. The most commonly used electrostatic processes rely on differences in the electrical conductivity of the materials to be separated. In these processes, the material must contact a grounded drum or plate typically after the material particles are negatively charged by an ionizing corona discharge. Conductive materials will lose their charge quickly and be thrown from the drum. The non‐conductive material continues to be attracted to the drum since the

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charge will dissipate more slowly and will fall or be brushed from the drum after separation from the conducting material. These processes are limited in capacity due to the required contact of every particle to the drum or plate. The effectiveness of these contact charging processes are also limited to particles of about 100 μm or greater in size due to both the need to contact the grounded plate and the required particle flow dynamics. Particles of different sizes will also have different flow dynamics due to inertial effects and will result in degraded separation. The following diagram (Figure 4) illustrates the fundamental features of this type of separator.

Figure 4. Drum electrostatic separator “Elder (2003)”

Triboelectrostatic separations are not limited to separation of conductive / non‐conductive materials but depend on the well known phenomenon of charge transfer by frictional contact of materials with dissimilar surface chemistry. This phenomenon has been used in “free fall” separation processes for decades. Such a process is illustrated in Figure 5. Components of a mixture of particles first develop different charges by contact either with a metal surface, or by particle to particle contact in a fluidized bed feeding device. As the particles fall through the electric field in the electrode zone, each particle’s trajectory is deflected toward the electrode of opposite charge. After a certain distance, collection bins are employed to separate the streams. Typical installations require multiple separator stages with recycle of a middling fraction. Some devices use a steady stream of gas to assist the conveying of the particles through the electrode zone.

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Figure 5. “Free fall” triboelectrostatic separator

This type of free fall separator also has limitations in the particle size of the material that can be processed. The flow within the electrode zone must be controlled to minimize turbulence to avoid “smearing” of the separation. The trajectory of fine particles are more effected by turbulence since the aerodynamic drag forces on fine particles are much larger than the gravitational and electrostatic forces. The very fine particles will also tend to collect on the electrode surfaces and must be removed by some method. Particles of less than 75 μm cannot be effectively separated.

Another limitation is that the particle loading within the electrode zone must be low to prevent space charge effects, which limit the processing rate. Passing material through the electrode zone inherently results in a single‐stage separation, since there is no possibility for re‐charging of particles. Therefore, multi‐stage systems are required for improving the degree of separation including re‐charging of the material by subsequent contact with a charging device. The resulting equipment volume and complexity increases accordingly.

In contrast to the other available electrostatic separation processes, the triboelectrostatic belt separator is ideally suited for separation of very fine (<1 μm) to moderately coarse (300μm) materials with very high throughputs. The triboelectric particle charging is effective for a wide range of materials and only requires particle – particle contact. The small gap, high electric field, counter current flow, vigorous particle‐particle agitation and self‐cleaning action of the belt on the electrodes are the critical features of the separator. The high efficiency multi‐stage separation through charging / recharging and internal recycle results in far superior separations and is effective on fine materials that cannot be separated at all by the conventional techniques.

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APPLICATIONS OF TRIBOELECTROSTATIC BELT SEPARATION

Fly Ash

The triboelectrostatic belt separation technology was first applied industrially to the processing of coal combustion fly ash in 1995. For the fly ash application, the technology has been effective in separating carbon particles from the incomplete combustion of coal, from the glassy aluminosilicate mineral particles in the fly ash. The technology has been instrumental in enabling recycle of the mineral‐rich flyash as a cement replacement in concrete production. Since 1995, 19 triboelectrostatic belt separators have been operating in the USA, Canada, UK, and Poland, processing over 1,000,000 tonnes of fly ash annually. The technology is now also in Asia with the first separator installed in South Korea this year. The industrial history of fly ash separation is listed in Table 1.

Table 1

Industrial Application of Triboelectrostatic belt separation for fly ash

Utility / power station

Location

Start of

Facility

industrial

details

operations

Duke Energy – Roxboro Station

North Carolina USA

1997

2 Separators

Raven Power‐ Brandon Shores

Maryland USA

1999

2 Separators

Scottish Power‐ Longannet Station

Scotland UK

2002

1 Separator

Jacksonville Electric‐St. John’s

Florida USA

2003

2 Separators

River Power Park

South Mississippi Electric Power ‐

Mississippi USA

2005

1 Separator

R.D. Morrow

New Brunswick Power‐Belledune

New Brunswick Canada

2005

1 Separator

RWE npower‐Didcot Station

England UK

2005

1 Separator

PPL‐Brunner Island Station

Pennsylvania USA

2006

2 Separators

Tampa Electric‐Big Bend Station

Florida USA

2008

3 Separators,

double pass

RWE npower‐Aberthaw Station

Wales UK

2008

1 Separator

EDF Energy‐West Burton Station

England UK

2008

1 Separator

ZGP (Lafarge Cement Poland /

Poland

2010

1 Separator

Ciech Janikosoda JV)

Korea Southeast Power‐ Yong

South Korea

2014

1 Separator

Heung

Mineral Applications

Electrostatic separations have been extensively used for beneficiation for a large range of minerals “Manouchehri‐Part 1 (2000)”. While most application utilize differences in electrical conductivity of materials with the corona‐drum type separators, triboelectric charging behavior with free‐fall separators is also used at industrial scales “Manouchehri‐Part 2 (2000)”. A sample of applications of triboelectrostatic processing reported in the literature is listed in Table 2. While this is not an exhaustive listing of applications, this table illustrates the potential range of applications for electrostatic processing of minerals.

Table 2. Reported triboelectrostatic separation of minerals

Mineral Separation

Reference

Triboelectrostatic belt

separation Experience

Potassium Ore – Halite

4,5,6,7

YES

Talc – Magnesite

8,9,10

YES

Limestone – quartz

8,10

YES

Brucite – quartz

8

YES

Iron oxide – silica

3,7,8,11

YES

Phosphate – calcite – silica

8,12,13

Mica ‐ Feldspar – quartz

3,14

Wollastonite – quartz

14

YES

Boron minerals

10,16

YES

Barites – Silicates

9

YES

Zircon – Rutile

2,3,7,8,15

Zircon‐Kyanite

YES

Magnesite‐Quartz

YES

Silver and gold slags

4

Carbon – Aluminosilicates

8

YES

Beryl – quartz

9

Fluorite – silica

17

YES

Fluorite – Barite ‐ Calcite

4,5,6,7

Extensive pilot plant and field testing of many challenging material separations in the minerals industry have been conducted using the triboelectrostatic belt separator. Examples of separation results are shown in Table 3.

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Table 3. Examples, mineral separations using triboelectrostatic belt separation

Mineral

Calcium Carbonate

Talc

Separated materials

CaCO3 – SiO2

Talc / Magnesite

Feed composition

90.5% CaCO3

/ 9.5% SiO2

58% talc / 42% Magnesite

Product composition

99.1% CaCO3

/ 0.9% SiO2

95% talc / 5% Magnesite

Mass yield product

82%

46%

Mineral recovery

89% CaCO3

Recovery

77% Talc Recovery

Use of the triboelectrostatic belt separator has been demonstrated to effectively beneficiate many mineral mixtures. Since the separator can process materials with particle sizes from about 300 μm to less than 1 μm, and the triboelectrostatic separation is effective for both insulating and conductive materials, the technology greatly extends the range of applicable material over conventional electrostatic separators. Since the triboelectrostatic process is entirely dry, use of it eliminates the need for material drying and liquid waste handling from flotation processes.

COST OF TRIBOELECTROSTATIC BELT SEPARATION

Comparison to Conventional Flotation for Barite

A comparative cost study was commissioned by STET and conducted by Soutex Inc. Soutex is a Quebec Canada based engineering company with extensive experience in both wet flotation and electrostatic separation process evaluation and design. The study compared the capital and operating costs of triboelectrostatic belt separation process to conventional froth flotation for the beneficiation of a low‐grade barite ore. Both technologies upgrade the barite by removal of low density solids, mainly quartz, to produce an American Petroleum Institute (API) drilling grade barite with SG greater than 4.2 g/ml. Flotation results were based on pilot plant studies conducted by the Indian National Mettalurgical Laboratory “NML (2004)”. Triboelectrostatic belt separation results were based on pilot plant studies using similar feed ores. The comparative economic study included flowsheet development, material and energy balances, major equipment sizing and quotation for both flotation and triboelectrostatic belt separation processes. The basis for both flowsheets is the same, processing 200,000 t/y of barite feed with SG 3.78 to produce 148,000 t/y of drilling grade barite product with SG 4.21 g/ml. The flotation process estimate did not include any costs for process water, or water treatment.

Flowsheets were generated by Soutex for the barite flotation process (Figure 6), and triboelectrostatic belt separation process (Figure 7).

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Figure 6 Barite flotation process flowsheet

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Figure 7 Barite triboelectrostatic belt separation process flowsheet

Theses flowsheets do not include a raw ore crushing system, which is common to both technologies. Feed grinding for the flotation case is accomplished using a wet pulp ball mill with cyclone classifier. Feed grinding for the triboelectrostatic belt separation case is accomplished using a dry, vertical roller mill with integral dynamic classifier.

The triboelectrostatic belt separation flowsheet is simpler than flotation. Triboelectostatic belt separation is achieved in a single stage without the addition of any chemical reagents, compared to three‐stage flotation with oleic acid used as a collector for barite and sodium silicate as a depressant for the silica gangue. A flocculant is also added as a reagent for thickening in the barite flotation case. No dewatering and drying equipment is required for triboelectrostatic belt separation, compared to thickeners, filter presses, and rotary dryers required for the barite flotation process.

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Capital and Operating Costs

A detailed capital and operating cost estimate was performed by Soutex for both technologies using equipment quotations and the factored cost method. The operating costs were estimated to include operating labor, maintenance, energy (electrical and fuel), and consumables (e.g, chemical reagent costs for flotation). The input costs were based on typical values for a hypothetical plant located near Battle Mountain, Nevada USA. The total cost of ownership over ten years was calculated from the capital and operating cost by assuming an 8% discount rate. The results of cost comparison are present as relative percentages in Table 4

Table 4. Cost Comparison for Barite Processing

Wet Beneficiation

Dry Beneficiation

Technology

Froth flotation

Triboelectrostatic belt separation

Purchased Major Equipment

100%

94.5%

Total CAPEX

100%

63.2%

Annual OPEX

100%

75.8%

Unitary OPEX ($/ton conc.)

100%

75.8%

Total Cost of Ownership

100%

70.0%

The total purchase cost of capital equipment for the triboelectrostatic belt separation process is slightly less than for flotation. However when the total capital expenditure is calculated to include equipment installation, piping and electrical costs, and process building costs, the difference is large. The total capital cost for the triboelectrostatic belt separation process is 63.2% of the cost of the flotation process. The significantly lower cost for the dry process results from the simplier flowsheet. The operating costs for the triboelectrostatic belt separation process is 75.5% of the flotation process due to mainly lower operating staff requirements and lower energy consumption.

The total cost of ownership of the triboelectrostatic belt separation process is significantly less than for flotation. The study author, Soutex Inc., concluded that the triboelectrostatic belt separation process offers obvious advantages in CAPEX, OPEX, and operational simplicity.

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CONCLUSION

The triboelectrostatic belt separator provides the mineral processing industry a means to beneficiate fine materials with an entirely dry technology. The environmentally friendly process can eliminate wet processing and required drying of the final material. The process requires little, if any, pre‐treatment of the material other than grinding and operates at high capacity – up to 40 tonnes per hour by a compact machine. Energy consumption is low, less than 2 kWh/tonne of material processed. Since the only potential emission of the process is dust, permitting is relatively easy.

A cost study comparing the triboelectrostatic belt separation process to conventional froth flotation for barite was completed by Soutex Inc. The study shows that the total capital cost for for the dry triboelectrostatic belt separation process is 63.2% of the flotation process. The total operating cost for tribo electrostatic belt separation is 75.8% of operating cost for flotation. The study’s author concludes that the dry, triboelectrostatic belt separation process offers obvious advantages in CAPEX, OPEX, and operational simplicity.

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REFERENCES

1.Blin, P & Dion‐Ortega, A (2013) High and Dry, CIM Magazine, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 48‐51.

2.Elder, J. & Yan, E (2003) eForce.‐ Newest generation of electrostatic separator for the minerals sands industry, Heavy Minerals Conference, Johannesburg, South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.

3.Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa,K, & Foressberg, K (2000), Review of Electrical Separation Methods, Part 1: Fundamental aspects, Minerals & Metallurgical Processing, vol 17, no. 1 pp 23 – 36.

4.Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Foressberg, K (2000), Review of Electrical Separation Methods, Part 2: Practical Considerations, Minerals & Metallurgical Processing, vol 17, no. 1 pp 139‐ 166.

5.Searls, J (1985) Potash, Chapter in Mineral Facts and Problems: 1985 Edition, United States Bureau of Mines, Washington DC.

6.Berthon, R & Bichara, M, (1975) Electrostatic Separation of Potash Ores, United States Patent # 3,885,673.

7.Brands, L, Beier, P, & Stahl, I (2005) Electrostatic Separation, Wiley‐VCH verlag, GmbH & Co.

8.Fraas, F (1962) Electrostatic separation of Granular Materials, US Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 603.

9.Fraas, F (1964), Pretreatment of minerals for electrostatic separation, US Patent 3,137,648.

10.Lindley, K & Rowson, N (1997) Feed preparation factors affecting the efficiency of electrostatic separation, Magnetic and Electrical Separation, vol 8 pp 161‐173.

11.Inculet, I (1984) Electrostatic Mineral Separation, Electrostatics and Electrostatic Applications Series, Research Studies Press, Ltd, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

12.Feasby, D (1966) Free‐Fall Electrostatic Separation of Phosphate and Calcite Particles, Minerals Research Laboratory, Labs Nos. 1869, 1890, 1985, 3021, and 3038, book 212, Progress Report.

13.Stencel, J & Jiang, X (2003) Pneumatic Transport, Triboelectric Beneficiation for the Florida Phosphate Industry, Florida Institute of Phosphate Research, Publication No. 02‐149‐201, December.

14.Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha R, & Foressberg, K (2002), Triboelectric Charge, Electrophysical properties and Electrical Beneficiation Potential of Chemically Treated Feldspar, Quartz, and Wollastonite, Magnetic and Electrical Separation, vol 11, no 1‐2 pp 9‐32.

15.Venter, J, Vermaak, M, & Bruwer, J (2007) Influence of surface effects on the electrostatic separation of zircon and rutile, The 6th International Heavy Minerals Conference, The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.

16.Celik, M and Yasar, E (1995) Effects of Temperature and Impurities on Electrostatic Separation of Boron Materials, Minerals Engineering, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 829‐833.

17.Fraas, F (1947) Notes on Drying for Electrostatic Separation of Particles, AIME Tec. Pub 2257, November.

18.NML (2004) Beneficiation of low grade barite (pilot plant results), Final Report, National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur India, 831 007

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Fly Ash

Minerals

Animal Feed

Human Food

Jose Rivera Ortiz

Production and Development Manager

Jose Rivera-Ortiz joined the company in 2004 as a Manufacturing Mechanical Technician. Over the years he took on many roles and responsibilities in the research and development and service and engineering departments. Jose is now the Manager of Production and Development as well as the Field Service Manager, and is responsible for manufacturing and production, field service, and product development. He holds many patents for STET belt development and equipment upgrades. Previous to joining STET Jose lived in Puerto Rico and worked as a chemical technician.

Lewis Baker

Service Manager

Lewis Baker provides engineering support to STET's fleet of processing plants throughout Europe and Asia and handles technical aspects of business development. He joined ST in 2004, initially as Plant Manager for STET's fly ash processing facility at Didcot Power Station in the UK, before moving to a broader role in technical support. After graduating from the University of Wales with a master’s degree in chemical engineering, Lewis held a number of roles in plant design and commissioning, process engineering, and plant management.

Kamal Ghazi

Senior Project Manager

Kamal Ghazi is a Project Manager with experience in mineral processing and industrial project implementation. He also collaborates closely with clients to ensure the successful integration of the STET Separator into their operations. Kamal joined STET in July 2015 as a Process Engineer and participated in designing and establishing the first-ever landfilled fly ash processing plant for Titan America in 2020. A mineral engineer by education, he earned a master’s degree from Tehran University and a bachelor’s degree from Kerman University.

Scott Mechler

Senior Mechanical Engineer

Scott Mechler is responsible for mechanical design work on STET’s electrostatic separator machines, focused primarily on research and development of new generations of separators. He joined the company in 2024 after a decade of experience in designing large high-tech industrial equipment in highly regulated design environments. Scott received a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering, with a minor in biomechanical engineering, from Northeastern University.

Traci Geer

Office Manager

Traci Geer is responsible for the daily operations of the STET office, facility management, marketing, special events, and safety. She also provides support to the leadership team, staff, and human resources. She joined the company in 2017 after having worked as an executive assistant to the Superintendent of a virtual public school. Earlier, she spent a decade as an IT system analyst. Traci earned a bachelor’s degree in computer information systems and an associate’s degree in management from Bentley University.

Tim Choi

Electrical and Controls Engineering Manager

Tim Choi is the Electrical and Controls Engineering Manager at STET. He joined the company in 2017 as a Senior Electrical and Controls Engineer. Since then, he has contributed to developing control systems for separators, commissioning various balance of plant systems, and working on equipment development at the Needham facility. Tim has been in a managerial role since 2021. He holds a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Hanyang University in Korea and a master’s degree in electrical engineering from the University of Texas at Arlington.

Richard Lane

Pilot Plant and Laboratory Technician

Richard Lane, who has been with STET for more than 13 years, is responsible for analyzing daily pilot plant run samples in the lab. He also helps prepare, mill, condition, and organize samples to be run in the pilot plant. After so many years working with STET technology in the pilot plant, Rich has gained an intimate knowledge of the machines along with vast experience with the separation processes. He received an associate’s degree in applied science from Massasoit.

Kristin Cappello

Operations Manager

Kristin Cappello joined the company in 2014 as a Purchasing and Accounting manager, added Materials Manager to her role, and became the Operations Manager in 2022. She is responsible for supply chain management, inventory and purchasing, customer relations, and operation planning. Previous to 2014, Kristin worked as an Office Manager and Executive Assistant in a corporate/family law firm and as a part-time Real Estate Agent. She received her bachelor’s degree in political science/pre-law from Northeastern University.

Kelsi Garreston

Lead Chemist

Kelsie Garretson is responsible for the daily operations of the STET lab, including testing, instrument maintenance and upkeep, and data collection. Some of the instruments she manages include protein analyzers, near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers, and X-ray fluorescent (XFR) analyzers. She joined STET in 2021 after graduating from Boston University with a bachelor’s degree in earth and environmental science, with a minor in marine science. She is currently pursuing a master’s degree in natural resources and environmental science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Tom Newman

Process Engineer

Tom Newman joined STET in 2022, handling the day-to-day operation of minerals testing. He designs experiments, analyzes data, optimizes results, and writes reports to provide insights to customers. Tom often travels with STET’s containerized unit to provide on-site support for mineral enrichment projects. He also works on research and development projects to find new ways to improve and understand the triboelectrostatic process. He received a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh. As part of his role at STET, he attends conferences to share his research findings with peers in the mineral processing industry.

Natsuki Barber

Senior Food Technologist

Natsuki Barber is responsible for human food and animal feed customer projects as well as R&D in those areas, especially managing research collaboration. Before joining STET in 2019, Natsuki worked as a food scientist with the Northern Crop Institute, where she developed deep understanding of crop physiology, functionality, application, processing, and nutrition. She worked especially closely with the development and application of plant protein ingredients.. She holds a bachelor’s degree in food science and a master’s degree in cereal science, both from North Dakota State University.

Abhishek Gupta

Director of Process Engineering

Abhishek Gupta leads bench and pilot-scale test programs to develop novel applications of STET electrostatic separation technology. He also manages auxiliary equipment selection, process design, separator installation, and optimization for commercialized applications. Abhishek joined STET in 2014 as a process engineer. Before that, he worked at QD Vision, a nanotechnology company working with semiconductor crystals called Quantum Dots, to develop display and lighting products. He is a chemical engineer by education with a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) and a master’s degree in chemical engineering from Penn State University.

Tomasz Wolak

Director, Business Development

 Tomasz Wolak is working to introduce STET technology for animal feed and human food industries outside the United States and for fly ash and minerals industries in Europe. Tomasz originally joined STET in 2019 as a Business Development Manager for Europe, focusing on human food and animal feed applications. He has worked in the food and feed industries in both engineering and operational roles, gaining insight on design, engineering, and manufacturing as well as operating and optimizing processing plants. Tomasz earned a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Science and Technology in Cracov and an executive MBA from Apsley Business School in London, and he participated in an advanced management and leadership program at Rotterdam School of Management.

Kyle Flynn

Director, Business Development
Kyle Flynn is responsible for STET business activities in North America, as well as providing technical support to business development activities worldwide. He joined STET in 2008 as a member of the process engineering group. He has worked closely with customers and the pilot plant to develop projects worldwide for the processing of food and feed materials, industrial minerals, and fly ash using the patented dry STET technology. Kyle has assisted in commissioning multiple industrial mineral and fly ash separators, as well as research and development, process design and process optimization. Beginning in 2018, Kyle joined the business development team. Kyle received a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) and a master’s degree in chemical engineering from North Carolina State University.

Hervé Guicherd

Vice President, Business Development

Since 2018, Hervé Guicherd has served as Vice President of Business Development for STET, responsible for building, animating, and supporting the business development team. He has assumed many roles during his more than quarter century with the company, including International Business Development Director in charge of introducing STET products in new applications (e.g., mining) and new territories outside the Americas (e.g., India, East Asia); European Business Development Manager (based in Greece); and positions in supply chain and marketing. After an early career as a Navy Officer, Hervé held several positions in marketing and sales during his long involvement with technology-related companies. He received a business degree from the University of Bordeaux; a master’s degree in electrical engineering from the Institute Polytechnique of Bordeaux; and an MBA from the Darden Graduate School of Business at the University of Virginia.

Lou Comis

Controller
Lou Comis has been responsible for all aspects of financial analysis for STET since joining the company in 2017. Previously, Lou held controller positions at Siemens Medical, for the PLM R&D division, and at Draeger Medical. Immediately before joining STET he was a consultant working with companies migrating from Oracle’s Enterprise to Hyperion Financial Management. He began his career as a financial analyst and finance manager for companies including WR Grace, Polaroid, and Siemens Healthcare. Lou earned an MBA with a concentration in finance from Bentley University’s Elkin B. McCallum Graduate School of Business.

David Schaefer

Vice President of Engineering and Manufacturing
David Schaefer is responsible for the manufacturing division and the design and build of STET’s patented electrostatic separation equipment. He works closely with the company’s commercial and processing teams to enhance STET’s customer experience and help drive innovation. David has more than 30 years of engineering and manufacturing leadership experience in technology and product development in everything from multifunction printers to self-driving vehicle technology. Additionally, he has consulted for several startup operations and founded an energy technology development company, eWindSolutions. Earlier in his career, he was director of mechanical engineering and chief new product architect at Xerox and a staff engineer in product development at IBM. His deep experience with innovation-driven technology and leading end-to-end engineering programs helps drive the entrepreneurial spirit of STET. David earned a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from Rochester Institute of Technology. He holds multiple patents in the areas of product performance improvement, cost reductions, and usability improvements

Frank Hrach

Chief Technology Officer
As Chief Technology Officer for STET, Frank Hrach is responsible for STET process technology development for fly ash and industrial minerals, and design, construction, and commissioning of new processing facilities. He joined STET in 1995, bringing over 25 years of experience in research & development, design & construction, and operation of specialty chemical, material handling, and high temperature combustion processes. Before becoming CTO, he served as Director of Process Engineering. Frank received a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering and a master’s degree in chemical engineering practice from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Tom Cerullo

President
“Leading a unique mix of technology and business development individuals, my job is to help customers gain more value from their processes and products. Notably, our niche is to create value from waste and by-product streams. Sustainability is in our DNA, viewing near-zero waste as a reality within our reach. “While our separation technology is recognized for delivering products of high value in cement, minerals, and protein for humans and animals, entering new markets requires addressing the needs of many stakeholders and achieving buy-in from private and public organizations. This demands a comfort level with the big picture and opening minds to new endeavors. Projects take vision and commitment to bring to fruition, and that’s why our staying power, backed by Titan Cement, an international cement and technology leader, is necessary for continuous success.” Tom Cerullo’s leadership roles at STET began in operations, sales, and business development. At the start of his career, he managed STET’s early commercial installations, the first of which was commissioned in 1995. He has helped drive the growth and evolution of the business from startup to the viable commercial business it is today. Tom is a graduate of the Massachusetts Maritime Academy, which provides a unique education for professionals entering the merchant marine, the military services, and the global marketplace. Before joining STET, he spent more than 4 ½ years as a marine engineer with Military Sealift Command. Adds Tom, “A rigorous academic program, combined with a regimented lifestyle at a young age, gave me a foundation for taking responsibility, having the discipline to endure long-term challenges, and persevering  through complex challenges.”