Taea o ST Technologies Complex i runga i Fly Ash

waitara

ST Taputapu & hangarau LLC (STET) kua whakahaere pūnaha pungarehu beneficiation rere arumoni mai 1995. hangarau beneficiation hiko o STET whakaiti te ihirangi waro o te waro pungarehu rere, te whakaputa i te ōrite, pungarehu waro iti mō te whakamahi hei whakakapinga mō te sima. Rere pungarehu ki ngā taumata waro > 25% Kua whakamahia ki propungarehu duce ki te taumata waro whakahaeretia o 2 ± 0.5%. Kei te wā kotahi whakaputaina te hua taonga waro ki te whakahoki mai i te uara wahie o te waro.

kaupapa hōu o STET i Poland e ngā te mākū- ki-maroke faafariuraa kohinga pungarehu, me te whakawehe STET waro i pai faaue i roto i Mei 2010.

1.KOUNGA whāiti raima ROAA Grade te rere ASH

O te āhua 70 miriona toni o rere pungarehu hanga ia tau i US tipu te mana waro-pupuhi, anake e pā ana ki 14 whakamahia miriona toni te rite te whakakapinga sima i roto i te hanga raima. He nui o tenei pungarehu rere paopao kore ki te tutuki ai ngā tohutohu matū, me te tinana mō te whakamahi i roto i te raima. puta te āhuatanga rite i roto i Europe. Ahakoa whakamahia etahi o tenei pungarehu atu-te kounga e rite rauemi makona hanganga mō ētahi atu whakamahinga iti-uara ranei, nui o reira te noa nga tikanga o roto i landfills roto ururua ranei.

He nui nui o te waro unburned i roto i te rere pungarehu ko te raruraru tino noa. Ko te American Association o State Highway me Transportation āpiha (Aas ः ki) a Standards Pākehā (EN 450 kāwai A) rapu e te nui o te waro unburned i roto i te rere pungarehu, whanganga e ngaronga i pātīmata (TURE) e kore e nui 5% he mea pauna. Heoi, tīmata i roto i te waenganui-1990 a, nui haere tāutanga o taputapu mana NOx mana kōkiri i ngā tipu te mana waro-pupuhi te waro (TURE) ihirangi o nui o te pungarehu ngaro i mua hoko. Kua hua atu whakaritenga ki te whakaiti NOx me ētahi atu pira mana te tipu i roto i te paru o te rere pungarehu ki te haukini. Ka rite ki te putanga, i haere tonu te māramatanga o nga hua o te whakamahi i rere pungarehu i roto i te raima ki te whakapiki ake i, Kei te whakaiti i te wātea o te pungarehu rere kounga e tika ana. Processes ki beneficiate ōhanga atu-te kounga e te kupu hoki rere pungarehu o te whakanui ake i te pānga ki te mana, me te raima ahumahi. Kua pionie Technologies wehenga taua tukanga mō rua waro me te haukini tango i te rere pungarehu.

2.ST EQUIPMENT & HANGARAU LLC TECHNOLOGY WHÄNUI

2.1. Rere Ash Waro Separation

I roto i te whakawehe STET waro (Figure 1), Kei te whangai rauemi ki te āputa angiangi i waenganui i rua electrodes planar whakarara. Kei te triboelectrically whakatupato nga matūriki i te interparticle whakapā. e ngā te waro pai whakatupato me te kohuke tōraro whakatupato ki electrodes ritenga. Kei te ka kahakina te matūriki ake e te whitiki pokarekarenga tonu a tuku i roto i ngā tohutohu ritenga. Ko te whitiki neke te matūriki pātata ki ia kawehiko ki pito ritenga o te whakawehe. Te tere whitiki tiketike āhei hoki throughputs tiketike rawa, ki runga ki 40 tana ia haora i runga i te whakawehe kotahi. Ko te āputa iti, mara ngaohiko teitei, te haukoti i rere nāianei, maia rōpū matūriki-matūriki me whaiaro horoi-mahi o te whitiki i runga i te electrodes ko nga āhuatanga tino o te whakawehe STET. Na roto i te whakahaere ngā tawhā tukanga, pērā i te tere whitiki, wāhi kai, me te auau kai, te tukanga STET hua iti pungarehu rere loi i tirotiro waro o iti iho i te 3.5% i kai pungarehu rere kopikopiko i roto i te loi i 5% ki runga i 25%.

Fig. 1. ST Whakawehe

Ko ngā ohie, me te kiato te hoahoa whakawehe. He mīhini hangaia ki te tukatuka 40 tana ia haora, ko te āhua 9 m (30 ft.) roa, 1.5 m (5 ft.) whānui, a 2.75 m (9 ft.) tiketike. Ko te whitiki, me te awa e hāngai ana ko nga wahi anake neke. He pahoho me tito o te rauemi kirihou tika roa nga electrodes. hanga te whitiki te o te kirihou. Ko raro kohi mana o te whakawehe 1 kirowati-haora ia tone o rauemi tukatuka ki te nuinga o te kaha pau e rua motors peia te whitiki.

Ko te katoa maroke te tukanga, titau kahore rauemi atu atu atu i te pungarehu rere, me te hua kore wai ururua tukunga rangi ranei. Ko te rauemi ora ake ngā o pungarehu rere iti i roto i te te ihirangi waro ki taumata e tika ana mō te whakamahi rite he hawhekaihe pozzolanic i roto i te raima, me te hautanga waro teitei whai hua rite wahie. Whakamahi o awa hua e rua whakarato te 100% otinga ki te rere raruraru te hoko pungarehu.

2.2. uara wahie ora ake o tiketike-waro pungarehu rere

I tua atu ki te hua waro iti, waitohu ingoa ProAsh® , hoki te whakamahi i roto i te raima, te tukanga wehenga STET ora te kore maumauria ano waro unburned i te puka o te pungarehu ngaro waro-taonga, EcoTherm parani™ . EcoTherm™ He uara wahie nui, me te ngāwari e taea te hoki mai ki te whakato mana hiko mā te whakamahi i te EcoTherm STET™ Hoki pūnaha ki te whakaiti i te waro whakamahia i te tipu. A, no te EcoTherm™ Kei te tahuna i roto i te kōhua ​​whaipainga, Kei te tahuri te pūngao i parariraa ki pēhanga teitei / steam pāmahana tiketike, me te ka ki te hiko i te tōtika taua rite waro, te nuinga 35%. Ko te faafariuraa o te pūngao ngāwhā ora ake ki te hiko i roto i te EcoTherm oti nga '™ Ko e rua ki te toru nga wa ki runga ake i taua o te hangarau whakataetae te wahi ora ake te pūngao kei te rite te wera iti-kōeke i roto i te puka o te wai wera huri nei ki te pūnaha wai kai kōhua ​​pūnaha Hoki. EcoTherm™ Kei te whakamahia hoki rite te puna o te alumina i roto i tahunga sima, displacing te bauxite atu te utu e te nuinga o kawea tawhiti roa. Whakamahi i te EcoTherm waro tiketike™ pungarehu rānei i te tipu te mana i te oumu, sima ranei, hei kaha te whakaora pūngao i te waro tukua, whakaiti i te hiahia ki te oku, ka kawe wahie atu ki te whakaurunga.

Fig. 2. EcoTherm™ pūnaha Hoki

a STET Constellation Power Source Generation Brandon takutai, SMEPA R.D. apopo, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy Te Hau-ā-uru Burton, me ngā tipu RWEnpower Aberthaw, ngā katoa EcoTherm™ pūnaha Hoki (Figure 2). Ko te tāutanga hōu o te whakawehe waro STET i roto i Poland ka ngā ano he EcoTherm™ pūnaha Hoki. E te aroaro nga wāhanga faufaa o te pūnaha i roto i te Whakaahua 2. EcoTherm™ Kei te kawea maroke ki te kaiwhiwhi tātari mo nga whitiki waro. Hei aukati i dusting e pā ana ki 7-10 WT kua tapiritia% te wai ki te

EcoTherm™ i roto i te titi whakaranu tere tiketike i mua i maturuturu ki te waro i runga i te whitiki rite te waro e tuku ki mira.

2.3. ST Haukini Tukanga Tangohanga

Kei te piki haere ngā tipu Power whakamahi o te haukini i werohia ki te faaiti i NOx me SO3 tukunga. NOx i roto i te hau flue heke e te tauhohenga ki te haukini i raro i etahi tikanga i roto i catalytic tīpakopako (SCR) ranei whiriwhiri-catalytic Non (SNCR) pūnaha. Ahakoa pau haukini kei roto i enei tukanga, hiahiatia etahi haukini te taikaha te mo te mana tika o te NOx. Tetahi putunga haukini wäriu i runga i rere pungarehu i roto i ngā pūnaha kohinga pungarehu precipitator hiko angamaheni-taha matao. Hei whakaiti korakora SO ranei3 tukunga aerosol, Kei te patia haukini ki te hau flue tika mua ki te precipitators hua i roto i te haukini pūkawa whakatakoto i runga i te pungarehu rere. Ahakoa kore he tuukino ki te mahi raima pungarehu ammoniated, ka konatunatua te pungarehu ammoniated te ki te sima kawakore i roto i te hanga o te raima, volatilized te haukini te kaimahi pea e haafifi i.

Hei tango haukini rite te hau i te pungarehu rere, faaohipahia te tukanga ST te tauhohenga matū taketake taua e hua i roto i te tuku haukini i roto i te raima. titau whakaoranga o te haukini i te rere pungarehu e te katote haukini – kia neke haukini rāpoi taurite i roto i te manakohia o haukini i te aroaro o alkali. Rere pungarehu ki fakanatula alkalinity tiketike e hiahia ana kahore alkali atu. Hoki iti pungarehu kawakore, ka mahi i tetahi alkali kaha. Ko te pūtake na'ina'i o te alkali he kotakota (cao). Kei te kaha te titiro atu te tauhohenga o te haukinia tai ki kotakota faati'amâ haukini i te taurite matū. puta tere te tauhohenga matū rewa kotahi e te pūhui.

Fig. 3: Pūnaha Tangohanga STET Haukini

whakaaturia te hoahoa schematic o te tukanga tango haukini ST te i roto i te Whakaahua 3. Ash, E metered wai me te kotakota i roto i te hanganga te mana ki te whakaranu. Hei haapapû Mixing tere, me te manene kākahu o te wai tāpiri, me te alkali, whakamahia te whakaranu kaha nui te. He pūrere kaha iti pērā i te mira pug whakamahia te rite te whakaranu tuarua ki te whakarato i te pai rangi whakapā ki te tukua waka o te haukini i te nuinga o te pungarehu. Mai te mea te tino iti te ihirangi makuku o te pungarehu, te rauemi rere i roto i tenei whakaranu rite te puehu maroke tino te heihei o. Haukini hau kohia i roto i rua i te tiketike, me te

hangarua mihini tere iti te ki te flue wae whakaputa.

maroke te pungarehu deammoniated e tuku i te rauemi i roto i te takutai, flash ki te tango wai te taikaha. pāmahana pungarehu Final o āhua 65ºC (150teF) He rawaka ki te whakaputa i te tino noa- e rerengia ana hua maroke.

ora te tukanga 100% o te pungarehu ngaro tukinotia me te pungarehu hua tutuki ngā katoa mo te whakamahi i roto i te raima. Ka taea e tukanga tango haukini o STET te whakamahi anake ranei i roto i ngā ki hangarau waro wehenga te kamupene o. Tenei huarahi modular tuku te otinga utu i raro mō te rongoā pungarehu rere te kore taea.

Ka taea e tēnei mahi tauine arumoni hapai i runga ki

47 tana ia haora o te pungarehu poke, whakaiti i te ihirangi haukini ki iti iho i te 75 mg / kg. Kei te mahi nei pūnaha tango STET haukini tauine-tonu i Jacksonville Electric Mana SJRPP, Amorangi Big Bend, ko RWE npower Aberthaw whakaurunga tukatuka pungarehu.

3. Tukatuka whakaurunga STET ASH

whakaputaina te mana rere pungarehu loi iti te ki te hangarau o STET i teihana mana tahi puta noa i te US, Canada, te U.K., Poland ko Korea. hokohoko te pungarehu rere tukatuka te i raro i te ProAsh® waitohu puta noa i ēnei wāhi mākete. ProAsh® Kua pungarehu rere kua whakaaetia mō te whakamahi i runga i rua tekau mana huanui kāwanatanga, me te maha atu pokapū whakatakotoranga. ProAsh® Kua hoki i tohu i raro i Canadian Standards Association ko EN 450:2005 paerewa kounga i roto i Europe. E whakarārangitia whakaurunga tukatuka pungarehu STET i Ripanga 1.

I roto i 2008, i whakahau ano STET ona nui rere US wāhi beneficiation pungarehu i te Tampa Electric Company Big Bend Station i Florida. E tāuta E rua whakawehe STET ki te whakaputa i loi iti ProAsh® . whakamahia te toru o whakawehe tuatahi-o-ona-ahua te ki te aro atu te waro ki te whakanui i te uara wahie o te EcoTherm™ a ki te whakanui i te nui o ProAsh® ora ake. Ko te whare Big Bend, e hua 260,000 taranata ia tau o ProAsh®, ngā te 25,000 kikorangi ton mō te pungarehu kai, he 10,000 te Hiro ton mō ProAsh® me te 6,500 te Hiro ton mō te EcoTherm™ .

3.1. ZGP Project, Poland

I roto i te Paenga-whāwhā 2010 i whakahau ano te tāutanga tuatahi STET Whakawehe i continental Europa i runga i te rohe o te mamaoa me te mana te tipu ngā o pekana Polska Ciech Sp z o.o. – otaota Janikosoda ko Inowrocław i Poland. Mā konei e tukatuka pungarehu, whakawhanakehia tahi ki STET, Kei te puritia ka whakahaeretia e ZGP Sp. o.o., me te kamupene mahi tahi o Lafarge SA, Poland me Polish houra Ciech Sp. i

o.o.Ko te tipu te mana hua e pā ana ki 180,000 tana ia tau pungarehu rere i kawea mākū ki hapua 2 km atu.

I hanga te whare i te rohe o te tipu te mana. Ko te kaupapa ngā te faafariuraa o te pūnaha kohinga pungarehu, me te waka mākū mō te rima

nga kohua i ki te pūnaha kohinga wāhanga mātotoru pungarehu maroke, he Kaiwhakawehe STET, pākoro rokiroki mō te pungarehu kai, te ProAsh® me te EcoTherm™ hua, me te EcoTherm™ Hoki Pūnaha ki hoki te EcoTherm™ ki te kohua i ki te whakahoki mai i te uara wahie, me te whare mau pŭpŭ tauturu, compressors me rori hou. No te mea te tukatuka hoki kai pungarehu i te tata Inowrocław- Cuttlefish tipu te mana puritia e Polish houra Ciech Sp. o.o., Kua kai i hanga mō te tangotango pungarehu kai toia ki te whare i roto i ngā taraka waka kura whāhauhau. whakaaturia te hoahoa rere tukanga mo te whare pungarehu beneficiation te i roto i te Whakaahua 4 me te tahora wāhi whānui i roto i te Whakaahua 5. Ko te ProAsh loi iti® Kei te hua ki te EN450:2005 paerewa, me te whakamahia te i te tipu sima tata fatuhia e Lafarge ki te whakaputa i rere sima pungarehu. He 30,000 hanga tana te Hiro pungarehu maroke i roto i nga whare o te tipu sima, ki te rokiroki pungarehu i roto i te wa hotoke.

Fig. 4. ZGP Tukanga Hoahoa

Fig. 6. rere ZGP ST pungarehu beneficiation tipu

3.2 Tikanga hoahoa

rōrahi pungarehu ki te tukatuka tau: 180,000 T

EcoTherm™ ngingihatia e te tipu te mana 24,000 tana / tau, te rōrahi toe ki te kia whakamahia e te

1.Disassembly o te pūnaha ikiiki mākū

2.Tukunga me te huihui o te pūnaha tuku wāhanga mātotoru hou

3.Tukunga me te huihui o compressors

4.Construction o te pākoro wāhi wehenga pungarehu: Whangaia Ash te Hiro 1,200T

ProAsh® 1,000T EcoTherm ™1,000T

5.Construction o rori, me te hanganga pae Facility tīmata-ake i roto i Mei 2010

whakatinana te kaupapa i roto i te pūtea whakaritea me i te hōtaka.

3.3Mahinga o te whare i roto i 2011

I runga i te wheako whakahaere pai riro i roto i te whakahaeretanga o tīmatanga-ake, a ki runga ki 2010 mahi, faaoti te whakahaere whare ki te tukatuka pungarehu atu i te tahi atu tipu kaha, ki te ihirangi teitei waro i roto i te rere pungarehu atu manakohia rite ki te EN 450 paerewa.

Te loi i roto i te pungarehu tukua i i 8 ki 20%. I roto i te marama o te runga ake, te rōrahi pungarehu tukatuka e te whare ZGP nui haere i roto i 2011 ki 220,000 toni.

Loi mo rere pungarehu, ProAsh® me EcoTherm™ i roto i 2011

4. WHAKARĀPOPOTOTANGA

Ko te whare tukatuka pungarehu rere oti, hāngai ana i runga i tukua e te Wehenga Technologies LLC te hangarau whakakorea tino te hiahia ki te rokiroki rere pungarehu i Mhetipu te mana twy me Janikowo.

Ko te pungarehu rere ururua i i meinga kino taiao mō ngā tau, ka kua rongoa ki waho nga whare i te utu nui rawa ka he hua hoko i huaina ProAsh® a kei te inaianei pari katoa whakamahia e te ahumahi sima, muimui ki te paerewa EN-450.

EcoTherm™ Kei te whakamahia inaianei rite wahie i te tipu te mana, me te sima whakato, te whakaiti i te nui o waro tinana e aua tipu, me te kupu te whakanui ake i te tōtika o nga kohua i.

tutaki te kaupapa ona whāinga pūtea, me te taiao e rua. faaite te whare he āheinga tukatuka pungarehu tiketike, i roto i ngā o te kounga, hangarau rahinga me te tukatuka, a whakamatauria pono.

Te whakanui i te whakamahi o te rere pungarehu rite te whakakapinga sima i roto i te hanga raima nui te whakaiti i te pira hauhā e pā ana ki ngā mahi hanga. I roto i te tikanga ki te karo mate o tenei rauemi tino o te rauemi mō te hanga raima me te whakaiti o matomato tukunga whare haurehu e pā ana ki hanga raima, E hiahiatia ana ngā tukanga mō te whakaora i te kounga o te pungarehu ngaro i roto i te ara ōhanga, me te taiao taea.

Ko te beneficiation o rere te pungarehu ki ngā tukanga Wehenga Technologies 'faarahi atu te supply o tenei rauemi nui. tonu nga tukanga beneficiation ST ki hei te tikanga tino ngā tono ki te whakapai ake pungarehu rere te kore taea ki rauemi uara tiketike mō te whakakapinga sima i roto i te raima. 19 He whakawehe waro STET i roto i te wahi ki runga 100 mīhini-tau o te mahi.

ProAsh® Kua kitea whakaaetanga whānui i roto i te ahumahi raima rite te pungarehu rere moni tono tawhiti iti aroturuki o ngā whakaritenga rangi entrainment tika ki iti rerekētanga loi i te tahi atu pungarehu.

Hoki mai i te kareti nui-waro i te tukanga STET ki te kōhua ​​i te tipu te mana taea whakaora o te uara wahie waro ora ake i te kakama rite ki te waro.

STET tuku he matatini o hangarau öhanga pai mō te fariiraa i pungarehu o ake te kounga e pai te kore e landfilled. Hangarau o te wehenga waro hiko, Ecotherm™ hoki ki te kōhua, me tango haukini whakarato i tētahi otinga modular o raruraru e pā ana ki te rere whakamahinga pungarehu, me te tiaki i te taiao i roto i te rängai mana. Ka taea te whakatinana ēnei hangarau e toru i roto i ngā wāhanga, ranei

ripanga. STET Commercial Operations

rite te kaupapa kotahi. I roto i te Ripanga E te aroaro raraunga poto i runga i ngā hua o te whakatinanatanga, me te mahi arumoni o tāuta beneficiation STET waro pungarehu.