Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation o Whenua Kī me Ponded Fly Ash

PREPRINT- tuhinga ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i ACAA Ash i Work, putanga II 2015

Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation o

Whenua Kī a Ponded Fly Ash

E Lewis Baker, Abhishek Gupta, Stephen Gasiorowski, ko Frank Hrach

Te American Coal Ash Association (ACAA) rangahau ā-tau o te hanga me te whakamahi o te waro pungarehu rere pūrongo e waenganui i 1966 a 2011, ki runga 2.3 piriona toni poto o te rere pungarehu kua whakaputaina e nga kohua i whaipainga waro-pupuhi.1 O tenei nui āhua 625 Kua whakamahia maitai miriona toni, te nuinga hoki sima me te hanga raima. Heoi, te toe 1.7+ E matua kitea piriona toni i roto i landfills ki tonu impoundments ponded ranei. Ahakoa kua nui haere auau whakamahi mō te pungarehu rere korari hanga tino i runga i tau tata nei, ki reiti nāianei tata 45%, āhua 40 tonu miriona toni o rere pungarehu ki kia tikanga o tau. I reiti whakamahi i roto i Europe kua nui ki runga ake i roto i te US, nui pukapuka o rere pungarehu kua hoki kua rongoa i roto i landfills me impoundments i roto i te tahi mau whenua Pākehā.

Aita i maoro a'e, Kua nui haere te moni i roto i ora i tenei rauemi ineine, wāhanga e tika ana ki te tono mo te-kounga tiketike pungarehu rere hoki raima me te sima production i roto i te wā o te production iti rite te mana whakatupuranga waro-pupuhi, kua heke i roto i Europe a Amerika Te Tai Tokerau. Kei te kipakipa hoki ngā āwangawanga e pā ana ki te wā roa-pānga taiao o taua landfills taputapu ki te kitea tono whakamahi painga mō tenei pungarehu penapena.

Whenua KOUNGA ASH whakakiia ME hiahiatia BENEFICIATION

Ahakoa kia etahi o tenei pungarehu rere rongoa e tika ana mō te whakamahi painga rite tuatahi kari, ka rapua e te nuinga etahi tukatuka ki te whakatau paerewa kounga mō te sima production raima ranei. Kua Mai te nuinga kua nana te rauemi ki te taea whāwhā me te raungaitinga ia faka'ehi'ehi mei whakatupuranga puehu mahino, whakamaroke me te deagglomeration ko te whakaritenga e tika ana mō te whakamahi i roto i te raima mai e hiahia ana hua raima ki tonu i te mahi o te rere batching pungarehu rite te maroke, paura pai. Heoi, te haapapū i te hanganga matū o te pungarehu tutuki ngā, tino arā whanganga te ihirangi waro rite te mate-i runga i-pātīmata (TURE), Ko te wero nui. Ka rite ki kua nui haere whakamahi rere pungarehu i roto i te whakamutunga 20+ tau, te nuinga "i roto i-spec" Kua whakamahia maitai pungarehu, ka pai te pungarehu atu-te kounga. Ko te kupu, ka waiho loi whakaiti he whakaritenga mō te whakamahi i te nuinga o te rere pungarehu whakahoki i impoundments whaipainga.

Loi Tuhinga BY wehenga TRIBOELECTRIC

Ahakoa kua whakamahia atu kairangahau tikanga ngingiha me ngā tukanga tēnei waka mo loi whakaiti o ora ake landfilled ka ponded rere pungarehu, ST Taputapu & Technologies (STET) Kua kitea e tona pūnaha wehenga whitiki triboelectrostatic ahurei, roa whakamahia mō te beneficiation o pungarehu rere korari hanga, He whai hua i runga i pungarehu ora ake i muri i whakamaroke tika, me te deagglomeration hoki.

Kua whakamatauria kairangahau STET te whanonga wehenga triboelectrostatic o maroke pungarehu landfilled i te maha landfills rere pungarehu i roto i te fenua Amerika me Europe. wehea tenei pungarehu rio mai pungarehu rawa rite ki te puku o hanga ki tetahi rerekētanga maere: i taui te utu matūriki i taua o te pungarehu hou ki te waro tohutohutia kino i roto i te pā ana ki te kohuke.2 Kua kitea hoki ētahi atu kairangahau o te wehenga hiko o te waro pungarehu rere tenei ari.3,4,5 ngāwari e taea te whakaritea te wehenga tawhiti o te kaiwehe triboelectrostatic STET ki tukua makanga o te waro tōraro whakatupato i maroke puna pungarehu rere landfilled. Ko No whakarerekētanga motuhake ki te hoahoa whakawehe ngā mana ranei e tika ana ki te hāngai tenei ari.

WHÄNUI TECHNOLOGY - te rere ASH waro wehenga

I roto i te whakawehe STET waro (Figure 1), Kei te whangai rauemi ki te āputa angiangi i waenganui i rua electrodes planar whakarara. Kei te triboelectrically whakatupato nga matūriki i te interparticle whakapā. Ko te waro pai whakatupato me te kohuke tōraro whakatupato (i roto i te pungarehu korari hanga kore i i i nana, ka maroke) E ngā ki electrodes ritenga. Kei te ka kahakina te matūriki ake e te whitiki pokarekarenga tonu a tuku i roto i ngā tohutohu ritenga. Ko te whitiki neke te matūriki pātata ki ia kawehiko ki pito ritenga o te whakawehe. Te tere whitiki tiketike āhei hoki throughputs tiketike rawa, ki runga ki 36 tana ia haora i runga i te whakawehe kotahi. Ko te āputa iti, mara ngaohiko teitei, te haukoti i rere nāianei, maia rōpū matūriki-matūriki me whaiaro horoi-mahi o te whitiki i runga i te electrodes ko nga āhuatanga tino

PREPRINT- tuhinga ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i ACAA Ash i Work, putanga II 2015

o te kaiwehe STET. Na roto i te whakahaere ngā tawhā tukanga, pērā i te tere whitiki, wāhi kai, me te auau kai, te tukanga STET hua iti pungarehu rere loi i tirotiro waro o iti iho i te 1.5 ki 4.5% i kai pungarehu rere kopikopiko i roto i te loi i 4% ki runga i 25%.

Fig. 1 STET Whakawehe Processing maroke, pungarehu rere landfilled

Ko ngā ohie, me te kiato te hoahoa whakawehe. He mīhini hangaia ki te tukatuka 40 taranata ia haora, ko te āhua 30 ft. (9 m.) roa, 5 ft. (1.5 m.) whānui, a 9 ft., m (2.75 m.) tiketike. Ko te whitiki, me te awa e hāngai ana ko nga wahi anake neke. He pahoho me tito o te rauemi tika roa nga electrodes. hanga te whitiki e o kirihou kore-conductive. kohi mana o te whakawehe ko e pā ana ki 1 kirowati-haora ia tone o rauemi tukatuka ki te nuinga o te kaha pau e rua motors peia te whitiki.

Ko te katoa maroke te tukanga, titau kahore rauemi atu atu atu i te pungarehu rere, me te hua kore wai ururua tukunga rangi ranei. Ko te rauemi ora ake ngā o pungarehu rere iti i roto i te te ihirangi waro ki taumata e tika ana mō te whakamahi rite he hawhekaihe pozzolanic i roto i te raima, me te hautanga waro teitei whai hua rite wahie. Whakamahi o awa hua e rua whakarato te 100% otinga ki te rere raruraru te hoko pungarehu.

PROASH® Ora ake i whakakiia WHENUA

i whiwhi wha puna o pungarehu i landfills: tauira A i te tipu te mana kei roto i te United Basileia me tauira B, C, ko D i te United States. ngā enei tauira katoa o pungarehu i te ngingiha o te waro korotā i nga kohua i whaipainga nui. Nā ki te hononga o te rauemi i roto i te landfills, he wātea kahore atu kōrero mo pūtake waro ngingiha ranei tikanga motuhake.

Ko te tauira rite riro e STET roto i waenganui i 15% a 27% wai rite he angamaheni mo te rauemi landfilled. roto hoki i te tauira rerekē moni o nui >1/8 inihi (~ 3 mm) rauemi. No te faaineine i te tauira mō te wehenga waro, i nekehia atu te otaota nui mā te tātari me te tauira ka maroke, ka deagglomerated mua ki te waro beneficiation. He maha ngā tikanga mō te whakamaroke / deagglomeration kua arotakea i te pairati-tauine i roto i te tikanga ki te arotau i te tukanga whānui. Kua tīpakohia STET te industrially kï, pūnaha tukatuka kai e tuku whakamaroke tukutahi, me te deagglomeration tika mō te whai hua wehenga hiko. aroaro te whārangi rere tukanga whānui i roto i te Whakaahua 2.

PREPRINT- tuhinga ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i ACAA Ash i Work, putanga II 2015

Figure 2: Tukanga Rerenga Hoahoa

i pai nga āhuatanga o te tauira rite i roto i te whānuitanga o te rere pungarehu whiwhi tika i nga kohua i whaipainga noa. Kua whakarāpopotohia nga āhuatanga tino hāngai ana hoki e rua nga whāngai whakawehe me hua i roto i Ripanga 2 me ki hua rio mai.

wehenga waro

tamataraa waro whakaiti te whakamahi i te STET whakawehe whitiki triboelectric hua i roto i te whakaora rawa pai o ngā hua loi iti i ngā puna rere pungarehu katoa wha tanú. Ko te utu whakamuri o te waro rite kōrero i runga kihai i māia te wehenga i roto i tetahi ara he mea whakarite ki tukatuka pungarehu hou.

Ko te āhuatanga o te pungarehu ngaro loi iti ora ake te whakamahi i te tukanga STET mo e rua pungarehu korari kohia i te kōhua, me te pungarehu ora ake i te tanú e whakaräpopototia i roto i te Ripanga 1. whakaatu nga hua e te kounga hua mo ProAsh® whakaputaina i te rauemi landfilled he ōrite ki te hua whakaputaina i puna pungarehu rere hou.

ripanga 1: Āhuatanga o te kai, me te ora ake ProAsh®.

PREPRINT- tuhinga ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i ACAA Ash i Work, putanga II 2015

MAHINGA roto i te raima

Ko te āhuatanga o te ProAsh® hangaia i te rauemi tanú faaho'i i whakaritea ki taua o ProAsh® whakaputaina i te pungarehu rere hou hangaia e nga kohua i whaipainga i te wāhi kotahi. tutuki ana te pungarehu faaho'i tukatuka nga ngā katoa o ASTM C618 me paerewa AASHTO M250. whakarāpopoto ana te ripanga e whai ake nei i te matū mō tauira i rua o nga puna e whakaatu ana i te rerekētanga iti i waenganui i te rauemi hou, me te faaho'i.

ripanga 2: Ash Matū o te pungarehu loi iti.

whanaketanga kaha o te 20% whakauru o te pungarehu rere loi iti i roto i te kumete kei roto 600 LB cementitious / yd3 (Tirohia te Ripanga 3 i raro) whakakitea te ProAsh® hua i takea mai i te pungarehu landfilled tuku mōtā ki te kaha i rite nei ki mota hangaia te whakamahi i ProAsh® i pungarehu rere hou whakaputaina i te wāhi kotahi. Ko te hua mutunga o te pungarehu faaho'i beneficiated e tautoko mutunga tiketike whakamahi i roto i te ahumahi raima ōrite ki te tūranga tino faufaa ProAsh® pai i roto i te hokohoko reira i tēnei wā te kaimahi.

ripanga 3: kaha Compressive o ipurau moata.

ECONOMICS TUKANGA

Ko te wātea o te iti utu hau māori i roto i te USA nui whakarei ake te economics o tukanga whakamaroke, tae atu i te whakamaroke o te pungarehu rere nana i landfills. ripanga 4 whakarāpopoto nga utu wahie mo ngā mahi i roto i te USA mo 15% a 20% tirotiro makuku. E ngā inefficiencies Angamaheni o whakamaroke i roto i nga uara tātai. hāngai Utu e runga i te papatipu o te rauemi i muri i te whakamaroke. He āhua iti nga utu āpitihanga mō te rere whakamaroke pungarehu mō STET tukatuka wehenga triboelectrostatic.

ripanga 4: utu whakamaroke i runga i te pūtake o te papatipu maroke.

PREPRINT- tuhinga ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i ACAA Ash i Work, putanga II 2015

Ahakoa ki te tua o utu whakamaroke kai, tuku te tukanga STET wehenga te utu iti, industrially kï, tukanga mō te loi whakaiti o te pungarehu rere landfilled. Ko te tukanga STET mō pungarehu rere faaho'i he kotahi-toru ki te kotahi-hawhe o te utu whakapaipai whakaritea ki ngā pūnaha ngingiha hāngai. Ko te tukanga STET mō pungarehu rere faaho'i hoki he tukunga tino raro ki te taiao whakaritea ki parariraa pūnaha tēnei waka e hāngai ana ranei. Mai anake te puna atu rangi paheke ki te tāutanga tukanga STET paerewa ko te dryer hau-pupuhi tūturu, tukua e kia āhua ohie.

Tuhinga Fuel ora ake ana i HIGH-Waro te rere ASH

I tua atu ki te hua waro iti mō te whakamahi i roto i te raima, waitohu ingoa ProAsh®, te tukanga wehenga STET ora te kore maumauria ano waro unburned i te puka o te pungarehu ngaro waro-taonga, EcoTherm parani™. EcoTherm™ He uara wahie nui, me te ngāwari e taea te hoki mai ki te whakato mana hiko mā te whakamahi i te EcoTherm STET™ Hoki pūnaha ki te whakaiti i te whakamahi waro i te tipu. A, no te EcoTherm™ Kei te tahuna i roto i te kōhua ​​whaipainga, Kei te tahuri te pūngao i parariraa ki pēhanga teitei / steam pāmahana tiketike, me te ka ki te hiko i te tōtika taua rite waro, te nuinga 35%. Ko te faafariuraa o te pūngao ngāwhā ora ake ki te hiko i roto i ST Taputapu & Hangarau LLC EcoTherm™ Ko e rua ki te toru nga wa ki runga ake i taua o te hangarau whakataetae te wahi ora ake te pūngao kei te rite te wera iti-kōeke i roto i te puka o te wai wera huri nei ki te pūnaha wai kai kōhua ​​pūnaha Hoki. EcoTherm™ Kei te whakamahia hoki rite te puna o te alumina i roto i tahunga sima, displacing te bauxite atu te utu e te nuinga o kawea tawhiti roa. Whakamahi i te EcoTherm waro tiketike™ pungarehu rānei i te tipu te mana i te oumu, sima ranei, hei kaha te whakaora pūngao i te waro tukua, whakaiti i te hiahia ki te oku, ka kawe wahie atu ki te whakaurunga.

a STET Talen Energy Brandon takutai, SMEPA R.D. apopo, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy Te Hau-ā-uru Burton, RWEnpower Aberthaw, a rere te Korea South-Te Tai Rāwhiti Power otaota pungarehu ngā katoa EcoTherm™ pūnaha Hoki.

Tukatuka whakaurunga STET ASH

Kua tukanga wehenga o STET kua whakamahia arumoni mai 1995 hoki beneficiation rere pungarehu, me kua hanga ki runga 20 rere miriona toni o kounga tiketike pungarehu mō te hanga raima. Te mana ProAsh rere loi iti®, Kei te hua tēnei wā ki te hangarau o STET i teihana mana tahi puta noa i te US, Canada, te U.K., Poland, ko Republic o Korea. ProAsh® Kua pungarehu rere kua whakaaetia mō te whakamahi i runga i rua tekau mana huanui kāwanatanga, me te maha atu pokapū whakatakotoranga. ProAsh® Kua hoki i tohu i raro i Canadian Standards Association ko EN 450:2005 paerewa kounga i roto i Europe. whakaurunga tukatuka pungarehu whakamahi hangarau STET e whakarārangitia i roto i te Ripanga 5.

PREPRINT- tuhinga ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i ACAA Ash i Work, putanga II 2015

ripanga 5. Rere Ash Processing whakaurunga te whakamahi i te hangarau wehenga STET

PREPRINT- tuhinga ki te kia whakaputaina i roto i ACAA Ash i Work, putanga II 2015

WHAKATAUNGA

I muri i scalping o rauemi nui e tika ana, whakamaroke, me te deagglomeration, rere pungarehu ora ake i te whaipainga tipu landfills taea te heke i roto i te te ihirangi waro te whakamahi i te STET commercialized triboelectric whitiki whakawehe. Ko te kounga o te hua pungarehu rere, ProAsh® te whakamahi i te pūnaha STET runga rauemi tanú faaho'i he ōrite ki ProAsh® whakaputaina i hou pungarehu rere kai. te ProAsh® Ko te tino pai hāngai, me te kï i roto i te whakaputa raima hua. Ka whakarato i te ora me te beneficiation o pungarehu landfilled te supply tonu o pungarehu kounga tiketike mō ngā ngä raima i roto i te noa'tu o te hanga iti o "hou" pungarehu rite taputapu waro-pupuhi whakaiti whakatupuranga. I tua atu, tipu te mana e hiahia ki te tango pungarehu i landfills ki te whakatau te huri ture taiao e taea ki te whakamahi i te tukanga ki te whakaputa ke i te taunahatanga hua ururua ki te rauemi raw tino mō kaihanga raima. Ko te tukanga wehenga STET ki taputapu kai mua tukatuka-no te whakamaroke, me te deagglomerating pungarehu rere landfilled ko te kōwhiringa ātaahua mō te beneficiation pungarehu ki utu tino raro me tukunga raro whakaritea ki ētahi atu ngingiha me ngā pūnaha tēnei waka e hāngai ana.

WHAKAPUAKANGA

[1]hua Te tahu American Coal Ash Coal me Whakamahi Tatauranga: http://www.acaa- usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports.

[2]pūrongo ā-ST, August 1995.

[3]i roto i,T.X,. Schaefer, JL, Ban, H., Neathery, J.K., ko Stencel, J.M. Maroke Beneficiation Processing o Te tahu Fly Ash, Nga mahi o te Conference DOE runga waro Unburned i runga i Taputapu Fly Ash, kia 19 20, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.

[4]Baltrus, J.P., Diehl, J.R., Soong, Y., Sands, W. wehenga Triboelectrostatic o rere pungarehu, me te tiaki hokinga whakamuri, Fuel 81, (2002) pp.757-762.

[5]Cangialosi, F., Notarnicola, M., Liberti, L, Stencel, J. Ko te tūranga o te huarere, i runga i rere tiaki pungarehu tohatoha i roto i beneficiation triboelectrostatic, Journal o Materials Hazardous, 164 (2009) pp.683-688.

kaituhi

Lewis Baker Ko te Kaiwhakahaere Pākehā Tautoko Hangarau mo ST Taputapu & hangarau (STET) e hāngai ana i roto i te Basileia United

Abhishek Gupta Ko te Engineer Tukanga hāngai i te Technologies Separation pairati tipu me te taiwhanga whare, STET Center Hangarau, 101 Hampton Ave, Needham MA 02494 +1-781-972-2300

Dr. Stephen Gasiorowski, Ph.D. Ko te Senior Research Scientist mō ST Taputapu & hangarau (STET) e hāngai ana i roto i te Hampshire New.

Frank Hrach Ko Vice Peresideni o Tukanga Engineering hāngai i te Technologies Separation pairati tipu me te taiwhanga whare, STET Center Hangarau, 101 Hampton Ave, Needham MA 02494 +1-781-972-2300