Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation nke Landfilled ada uyi WOCA 2015

Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation of

Land Jupụta ada uyi

L. Baker, A. Gupta, na S. Gasiorowski

ST Equipment & Technologies LLC, 101 Hampton Avenue, Needham MA 02494 USA

Conference: 2015 World of Kol Ash - (www.worldofcoalash.org)

Keywords: Triboelectrostatic, Beneficiation, ada Ash, Landfilled, Mịrị, nkewa, carbon

nkịtị

Triboelectrostatic nkewa e ji mee ihe maka azụmahịa beneficiation nke coal combustion ada uyi na-emepụta a ala carbon ngwaahịa maka iji dị ka a cement nnọchi na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka afọ iri abụọ. na 18 separators na 12 coal-chụọ n'ọrụ ike osisi gafee ụwa, ST Equipment & Technology LLC si (STET) patented electrostatic separator e iji na-emepụta n'elu 15 Nde ise ala carbon ngwaahịa.

Ruo taa, azụmahịa beneficiation nke ada uyi a rụrụ nanị na akọrọ "ọsọ nke station‿ ash. Adịbeghị anya gburugburu ebe obibi iwu kere, na ụfọdụ ahịa, a mkpa ezitekwara beneficiated ash n'oge ala ash ọgbọ. Nke a, tinyere a chọrọ na ụfọdụ ebe efu mere ash landfill saịtị, kere mkpa ka ọ na a usoro beneficiate mbụk landfilled ash.

Previous ọmụmụ gosiri na ikpughe ada uyi na mmiri, na ụdi ihicha ekpebi triboelectrostatic odori usoro, na carbon na ịnweta ahụ odori na-abụghị polarity na na ahụmahụ ndị na-agba ọsọ nke ebe ash. Studies e rụrụ site ndị dere iji chọpụta mmetụta nke mmiri ikpughe na nkewa arụmọrụ nke ọtụtụ ntụ na e agbapụtawo si landfills na Fikiere. N'Aka nloghachi e nwere ndị na-esonụ ihicha, ma n'ozuzu nkewa arụmọrụ rụzuru Ẹkot na ahụmahụ ndị na ọhụrụ na-agba ọsọ nke ebe ash.

Mmetụta nke Fikiere ash na-eri nri ikwu iru mmiri na triboelectrostatic nkewa arụmọrụ e nyochara, na uche na-ukwuu belata tụnyere na ahụmahụ ndị na-agba ọsọ nke ebe ash, ẹsụhọde n'ozuzu usoro na-akwụ ụgwọ.

OKWU

The American Kol Ash Association (ACAA) kwa afọ e mere na nke mmepụta na ojiji nke coal ada uyi na-akọ na n'etiti 1966 na 2011, n'elu 2.3 ijeri obere tọn ada uyi e mepụtara coal-chụọ n'ọrụ na ịba uru boilers.1 Of a ego dị 625 nde tọn e bara uru na-eji, ukwuu n'ime ka simenti na ihe mmepụta. Otú ọ dị, nke fọdụrụ 1.7+ nde tọn na-isi hụrụ na landfills ma ọ bụ jupụtara ponded

impoundments. Mgbe itinye n'ọrụ ọnụego maka freshly eme ada uyi amụbawo nke ukwu n'elu-adịbeghị anya, na ugbu a udu nso 45%, dị 40 nde tọn ada uyi-anọgide na-ewekarị nke kwa afọ. Mgbe itinye n'ọrụ udu ke Europe ndidi nnọọ elu karịa na US, bukwanu mpịakọta nke ada uyi nakwa na e echekwara na landfills na impoundments na ụfọdụ mba Europe.

na nso nso, mmasị na-agbake a na-ewekar ihe amụbawo, n'ụzọ ụfọdụ n'ihi ina elu-edu ada uyi maka ihe na simenti mmepụta n'oge a oge nke belata mmepụta dị ka coal-chụọ n'ọrụ ike ọgbọ belatara Europe na North America. Nchegbu banyere ogologo oge gburugburu ebe obibi mmetụta nke ndị dị otú ahụ landfills na-apostle utilities chọta bara uru iji ngwa a echekwara ash.

Ala jupụtara Ash àgwà na chọrọ BENEFICIATION

Ezie na ụfọdụ nke a echekwara ada uyi nwere ike kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na ọ bara uru iji dị ka ibido gwupụtatụrụla, ihe ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ga-achọ ụfọdụ nhazi izute àgwà ụkpụrụ maka simenti ma ọ bụ ihe mmepụta. Ebe ọ bụ na ihe e a wetted aka njikwa na compaction izere airborne ájá ọgbọ, ihicha ga-eleghị anya a ntakiri chọrọ maka ojiji na ihe ebe ọ bụ na ihe na-emepụta ga na-omume nke batching ada uyi ka a akọrọ ntụ ntụ. Otú ọ dị, emesi ndị chemical mejupụtara nke ash osobo nkọwa, ọtụtụ Ichi na carbon content tụrụ ka ọnwụ-on-mgbanye (iWU), ka ukwuu ịma aka. Dị ka ada uyi itinye n'ọrụ amụbawo ke akpatre 20+ afọ, kacha "na-spec‿ ash e bara uru na-eji, na anya-quality ash ewekarị. N'ihi ya, LOI Mbelata ga-a chọrọ iji tinye n'ọrụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ada uyi recoverable si mmekọ impoundments.

LOI Mbelata BY TRIBOELECTRIC NKEWA

Mgbe dị iche iche na ndị ọrụ na-eji combustion usoro na flotation Filiks maka LOI Mbelata Natara landfilled na ponded ada uyi, ST Equipment & Technologies (STET) hụrụ na ya ọkọlọtọ nhazi usoro, ogologo eji maka beneficiation nke freshly eme ada uyi, dokwara irè na natara ash mgbe kwesịrị ekwesị ihicha na deagglomeration na ala n'ozuzu ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ.

N'oge ramp-ruo azụmahịa ngwa nke STET nhazi usoro maka ada uyi, STET na-eme nnyocha na-anwale nkewa nke mịrị amị landfilled ash. Nke a natara ash iche ukwuu N'otu aka ahụ freshly eme ash na otu ihe ijuanya dị iche: urughuru Nchaji e nwesịrị site na nke ọhụrụ ash na carbon odori ọjọọ na ikwu na ịnweta.2 Ndị nnyocha ndị ọzọ nke electrostatic nkewa nke ada uyi carbon na-hụrụ nke a phenomena.3,4,5

Technology Isi - ada uyi carbon NKEWA

Na STET carbon separator (Ọgụgụ 1), ihe a na nri n'ime mkpa ọdịiche n'etiti abụọ yiri planar electrodes. The ahụ na-triboelectrically boro ebubo site interparticle kọntaktị. The ghaghị ebubo carbon na-ezighị ezi na ebubo ịnweta (na freshly eme ash nke e wetted na Fikiere) na-dọtara na-abụghị electrodes. The ahụ na-ahụ kpochapụ elu site a na-aga n'ihu na-akpali akpali belt na ekekpepde na-abụghị ntụziaka. The belt na-akpali ndị ahụ n'akụkụ ọ bụla electrode n'ebe abụghị nsọtụ nke separator. The elu belt ọsọ na-enyere nnọọ elu throughputs, ruo 36 ise kwa hour na a otu separator. The obere ọdịiche, elu voltaji ubi, ịrụ ụka ugbu a eruba, ike urughuru-urughuru n'ahụhụ na onwe-ihicha ihe nke belt na electrodes bụ oké egwu atụmatụ nke STET separator. Site ịchịkwa dị iche iche usoro parameters, dị ka belt ọsọ, ndepụta na mgbe, na ndepụta ọnụego, na STET usoro arụpụta ala LOI ada uyi na carbon ọdịnaya nke na-erughị 1.5 ka 4.5% si oriri ada ntụ sitere na LOI si 4% karịrị 25%.

fig. 1 STET separator

The separator imewe bụ dịtụ mfe na kọmpat. A igwe iji hazie 36 ise kwa hour bụ mkpokọta 9 m (30 ft.) ogologo, 1.5 m (5 ft.) obosara, na 2.75 m (9 ft.) elu. The belt na metụtara rollers bụ naanị na-akpụ akpụ akụkụ. The electrodes bụ anyịnya na esịnede ihe n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị inogide ihe. The belt e mere nke na-abụghị- conductive plastic. The separator ike oriri bụ banyere 1 kilowatt-hour kwa tonne nke ihe onwunwe esichara na ọtụtụ ndị ike gwusia site abụọ Motors ụgbọala belt.

The usoro kpamkpam akọrọ, na-achọ ọ ọzọ ihe ndị ọzọ karịa nke ada uyi ma na-amị dịghị n'efu mmiri ma ọ bụ ikuku anwuru. The natara ihe iso nke ada uyi ebelata ke carbon ọdịnaya etoju kwesịrị ekwesị maka dị ka a pozzolanic admixture na

ihe, na a elu carbon nta bara uru dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala. Itinye n'ọrụ nke ma ngwaahịa iyi na-enye a 100% ngwọta ofufe ash mkpofu nsogbu.

Natara mmanụ uru nke elu-carbon ada uyi

Na mgbakwunye na ala carbon ngwaahịa maka ojiji na ihe, ika aha ya bụ ProAsh®, na STET nkewa usoro nwekwara Recovers ma egbughị unburned carbon n'ụdị carbon-ọgaranya ada uyi, ewere EcoTherm™. EcoTherm™ nwere ịrịba mmanụ ụgbọala uru na ike mfe-laghachiri electric ike osisi iji STET EcoTherm™ Laghachi usoro iji belata coal ojiji na osisi. mgbe EcoTherm™ na-akpọ ya na ịba uru ji esi mmiri ọkụ, ume site combustion na-ghọrọ ka elu nsogbu / elu okpomọkụ uzuoku na mgbe ahụ ka ọkụ eletrik n'otu arụmọrụ dị ka coal, a na 35%. The akakabarede nke natara thermal ike ọkụ eletrik na ST Equipment & Technology LLC EcoTherm™ Laghachi usoro bụ abụọ na atọ ugboro elu karịa nke asọmpi technology ebe ume natara dị ka ala-ọkwa okpomọkụ n'ụdị mmiri ọkụ nke a na-ekesa na ji esi mmiri ọkụ oriri mmiri usoro. EcoTherm™ a na-eji dị ka isi iyi nke alumina na simenti kilns, displacing ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ bauxite nke a na-emekarị-ebu anya. Tinye n'ọrụ elu carbon EcoTherm™ Ash ma na a ike osisi ma ọ bụ a cement n'ekwú ọkụ, maximizes ume mgbake si napụta coal, mbenata mkpa egwupụtakwa na ibufe ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala na ụlọ ọrụ.

STET si Raven Power Brandon mben, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, na RWEnpower Aberthaw ofufe ash osisi, niile na-agụnye EcoTherm™ laghachi usoro. The dị oké mkpa mmiri nke usoro na-adade ke ọgụgụ 2.

fig. 2 EcoTherm™ laghachi usoro

STET Ash PROCESING akụrụngwa

Na-achịkwa ala LOI ada uyi na-emepụta na STET si technology na iri na abụọ ike ụgbọ ofụri Amerịka, Canada, na U.K., Poland, na Republic of Korea. ProAsh® ofufe ash e mma maka site n'elu iri abụọ ala okporo ụzọ ọchịchị, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na nkọwapụta ụlọ ọrụ. ProAsh® nwekwara e gbaara n'okpuru Canadian Standards Association na EN 450:2005 àgwà ụkpụrụ na Europe. Ash nhazi ụlọ ọrụ iji STET technology na-depụtara na Isiokwu 1.

Isiokwu 1. STET Commercial Operations

Kol Ash napụtara n'aka ala jupụtara n'ime

Abụọ na isi mmalite nke ash e nwetara site landfills: sample A si a ike osisi dị na

United Alaeze na sample B: si United States. Ma ndị a samples gụnyere ash si combustion nke bituminous coal site nnukwu mmekọ boilers. N'ihi Ngwakọta ihe onwunwe ke landfills, nweghị ozi ọzọ dị banyere kpọmkwem coal iyi ma ọ bụ combustion ọnọdụ.

The samples dị ka natara site STET nwere n'etiti 15% na 20% mmiri dị ka a na-ahụkarị maka landfilled ihe. The samples nakwa ẹdude mgbanwe ichekwa nnukwu >1/8 inch (~ 3 mm) ihe. Iji kwadebe samples maka carbon nkewa, nnukwu irighiri e wepụrụ screening na samples mgbe Fikiere ma deagglomerated tupu carbon beneficiation. Ụzọ dị iche iche maka ihicha / deagglomeration na-inyocha iji ebuli n'ozuzu usoro. A general usoro eruba mpempe akwụkwọ na-adade ke ọgụgụ 3.

Ọgụgụ 3: Usoro eruba mpempe akwụkwọ

Njirimara nke njikere samples ndị ọma n'ime nso nke ada uyi nwetara kpọmkwem site nkịtị mmekọ boilers. The kasị mkpa Njirimara n'ihi na ma separator faili ntanetịime na ngwaahịa na-chịkọtara Isiokwu 2 tinyere Natara ngwaahịa.

carbon NKEWA

Carbon Mbelata ọnwụnwa iji STET triboelectric belt separator rụpụtara ezigbo mma mgbake nke ala LOI ngwaahịa. The akpali phenomena hụrụ bụ nloghachi nke odori nke carbon tụlere n'elu. Ka a na-eme omume ahụ a hụrụ na mbụ site STET na ndị ọzọ na-eme nnyocha, na usoro na-agbanwe ikwu ọrụ na ọrụ ma si otú kọntaktị odori omume nke ihe na-adịghị ghọtara. Otu aro usoro bụ redistribution nke soluble ion na ịnweta ma

esonụ na tebụl achikota onwu maka n'omume si iyi B. Testing na isi iyi A ihe onwunwe ka e dechara.

Isiokwu 4: Ash Chemistry nke ala LOI ash.

Ike mmepe nke a 20% nnọchi nke ala LOI ada uyi na a ngwa agha nwere 600 lb / yd3 gosiri ihe ewepụtara landfilled ash rụrụ dịtụ mma karịa ihe si ọhụrụ mmepụta. Lee Isiokwu 5 n'okpuru.

Isiokwu 5: Compressive ike nke ngwa agha cubes.

Mkpebi

Mgbe kwesịrị ekwesị scalping nke nnukwu ihe onwunwe, ihicha, na deagglomeration, ofufe ash natara site na ịba uru osisi landfills nwere ike ebelata ke carbon ọdịnaya site na iji na azụmahịa STET triboelectric belt separator. The arụmọrụ nke STET usoro bụ nnoo Ẹkot maka ntụ nwetara freshly si esi mmiri ọkụ arụmọrụ na mịrị amị landfilled ihe. The separator ngwaahịa bụ adabara maka ihe mmepụta enweghị n'ihu beneficiation na fọrọ nke nta ka yiri arụmọrụ Njirimara. The mgbake na beneficiation nke landfilled ash ga-enye a nọgidere na-enweta elu mma ash maka ihe na-emepụta n'agbanyeghị belata mmepụta nke "fresh‿ ash ka coal-chụọ n'ọrụ utilities belata ọgbọ. Ọzọkwa, ike osisi na mkpa ka wepu ash si landfills izute na-agbanwe agbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi ụkpụrụ ga-enwe ike ahu nagide usoro ịgbanwe a n'efu ngwaahịa liability n'ime a bara uru akụrụngwa n'ihi ihe na-emepụta.

References

[1]American Kol Ash Kol combustion ngwaahịa na Jiri Statistics: https://www.acaa-usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports/

[2]ST esịtidem akụkọ, August 1995.

[3]na,T.X,. Schaefer, JL, Ban, H., Neathery, J.K., na Stencel, J.M. Akọrọ Beneficiation nhazi nke combustion ada uyi, Ikpe nke DOE Conference on Unburned Carbon on Utility ada uyi, Ka 19 20, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.

[4]Baltrus, J.P., Diehl, J.R., Soong, Y., ájá, W. Triboelectrostatic nkewa nke ada uyi na-elekọta mgbanwe, Mmanụ 81, (2002) pp.757-762.

[5]Cangialosi, F., Notarnicola, M., Liberti, L, Stencel, J. The ọrụ nke weathering on ada uyi ụgwọ nkesa n'oge triboelectrostatic beneficiation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164 (2009) pp.683-688.

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