Ohere nke ST Mgbagwoju Technologies na ada Ash

nkịtị

ST Equipment & Technology LLC (STET) anọwo na-arụ ọrụ azụmahịa ada uyi beneficiation usoro ebe 1995. STET si electrostatic beneficiation technology ebelata carbon ọdịnaya nke coal ada uyi, amị a na-agbanwe agbanwe, ala carbon ash maka iji dị ka a dochie anya cement. Ofufe ash na carbon etoju > 25% na e ji na produce ash na a na-achịkwa carbon larịị nke 2 ± 0.5%. A carbon ọgaranya ngwaahịa na-n'out oge na-emepụta na-agbake na mmanụ ụgbọala uru nke carbon.

STET si Kacha ọhụrụ oru ngo na Poland nke na-agụnye a mmiri- to-akọrọ ash collection akakabarede na ihe STET carbon separator ọma ọrụ na May 2010.

1.Ogo ịmachi dị ihe ọkwa ada uyi

Nke ihe dị ka 70 nde tọn ada uyi eme kwa afọ na US coal-chụọ n'ọrụ ike osisi, naanị banyere 14 nde tọn na-eji dị ka a cement dochie na ihe mmepụta. Ọtụtụ ihe a na jụrụ ada uyi ada ada izute chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ nkọwa maka ojiji na ihe. A ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ pụtara n'ime Europe. Ezie na ụfọdụ nke a anya-quality ash na-tinye n'ọrụ dị ka bughi rijuru afọ ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ n'ihi na ndị ọzọ ala-uru ojiji, ukwuu nke na ọ bụ naanị ewekarị nke na landfills ma ọ bụ n'efu ponds.

Gabigara ego nke unburned carbon na ada uyi bụ ihe kasị nkịtị nsogbu. The American Association of State Highway na Transportation ọchịchị (AASHTO) na European Standards (EN 450 Category A) na-achọ ka ego nke unburned carbon na ada uyi, tùa site ọnwụ na mgbanye (iWU) gafere 5% site ibu. Otú ọ dị, malite na ufọt ufọt 1990, echichi nke chọrọ NOx akara ngwa na coal-chụọ n'ọrụ ike osisi mụbara carbon (iWU) ọdịnaya nke ukwuu nke na mbụ marketable ada uyi. Ọzọkwa chọrọ iji belata NOx na ndị ọzọ na ike osisi umu anwuru-akpatawo ndị ofufe nke ada uyi na amonia. N'ihi ya, mgbe nghọta nke uru nke na-eji ada uyi na ihe na-aga n'ihu na-amụba, nnweta adabara quality ada uyi na-kpukpru usen. Filiks ka aku na uba beneficiate anya-quality ada uyi bụ otú ahụ nwekwara nke na-amụba mmasị na ike na ihe ọrụ. Nkewa Technologies ka sụrụ ụzọ ndị dị otú ahụ Filiks ma carbon na amonia mwepụ si ada uyi.

2.ST Equipment & Technology LLC Technology Isi

2.1. Ofufe Ash Carbon Nkewa

Na STET carbon separator (Ọgụgụ 1), ihe a na nri n'ime mkpa ọdịiche n'etiti abụọ yiri planar electrodes. The ahụ na-triboelectrically boro ebubo site interparticle kọntaktị. The ghaghị ebubo carbon na-ezighị ezi na ebubo ịnweta na-dọtara na-abụghị electrodes. The ahụ na-ahụ kpochapụ elu site a na-aga n'ihu na-akpali akpali belt na ekekpepde na-abụghị ntụziaka. The belt na-akpali ndị ahụ n'akụkụ ọ bụla electrode n'ebe abụghị nsọtụ nke separator. The elu belt ọsọ na-enyere nnọọ elu throughputs, ruo 40 ise kwa hour na a otu separator. The obere ọdịiche, elu voltaji ubi, ịrụ ụka ugbu a eruba, ike urughuru-urughuru n'ahụhụ na onwe-ihicha ihe nke belt na electrodes bụ oké egwu atụmatụ nke STET separator. Site ịchịkwa dị iche iche usoro parameters, dị ka belt ọsọ, ndepụta na mgbe, na ndepụta ọnụego, na STET usoro arụpụta ala LOI ada uyi na carbon ọdịnaya nke na-erughị 3.5% si oriri ada ntụ sitere na LOI si 5% karịrị 25%.

fig. 1. ST separator

The separator imewe bụ dịtụ mfe na kọmpat. A igwe iji hazie 40 ise kwa hour bụ mkpokọta 9 m (30 ft.) ogologo, 1.5 m (5 ft.) obosara, na 2.75 m (9 ft.) elu. The belt na metụtara rollers bụ naanị na-akpụ akpụ akụkụ. The electrodes bụ anyịnya na esịnede ihe n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị inogide plastic ihe. The belt ka nke plastic. The separator ike oriri bụ n'okpuru 1 kilowatt-hour kwa tonne nke ihe onwunwe esichara na ọtụtụ ndị ike gwusia site abụọ Motors ụgbọala belt.

The usoro kpamkpam akọrọ, na-achọ ọ ọzọ ihe ndị ọzọ karịa nke ada uyi ma na-amị dịghị n'efu mmiri ma ọ bụ ikuku anwuru. The natara ihe iso nke ada uyi ebelata ke carbon ọdịnaya etoju kwesịrị ekwesị maka dị ka a pozzolanic admixture na ihe, na a elu carbon nta bara uru dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala. Itinye n'ọrụ nke ma ngwaahịa iyi na-enye a 100% ngwọta ofufe ash mkpofu nsogbu.

2.2. Natara mmanụ uru nke elu-carbon ada uyi

Na mgbakwunye na ala carbon ngwaahịa, ika aha ya bụ ProAsh® , maka ojiji na ihe, na STET nkewa usoro nwekwara Recovers ma egbughị unburned carbon n'ụdị carbon-ọgaranya ada uyi, ewere EcoTherm™ . EcoTherm™ nwere ịrịba mmanụ ụgbọala uru na ike mfe-laghachiri electric ike osisi iji STET EcoTherm™ Laghachi usoro iji belata coal-eji na osisi. mgbe EcoTherm™ na-akpọ ya na ịba uru ji esi mmiri ọkụ, ume site combustion na-ghọrọ ka elu nsogbu / elu okpomọkụ uzuoku na mgbe ahụ ka ọkụ eletrik n'otu arụmọrụ dị ka coal, a na 35%. The akakabarede nke natara thermal ike ọkụ eletrik na STETs 'EcoTherm™ Laghachi usoro bụ abụọ na atọ ugboro elu karịa nke asọmpi technology ebe ume natara dị ka ala-ọkwa okpomọkụ n'ụdị mmiri ọkụ nke a na-ekesa na ji esi mmiri ọkụ oriri mmiri usoro. EcoTherm™ a na-eji dị ka isi iyi nke alumina na simenti kilns, displacing ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ bauxite nke a na-emekarị-ebu anya. Tinye n'ọrụ elu carbon EcoTherm™ Ash ma na a ike osisi ma ọ bụ a cement n'ekwú ọkụ, maximizes ume mgbake si napụta coal, mbenata mkpa egwupụtakwa na ibufe ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala na ụlọ ọrụ.

fig. 2. EcoTherm™ laghachi usoro

STET si ìgwè kpakpando Power Source Generation Brandon mben, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, na RWEnpower Aberthaw osisi, niile na-agụnye EcoTherm™ laghachi usoro (Ọgụgụ 2). The Kacha ọhụrụ echichi nke ihe STET carbon separator na Poland ga-agụnye ihe EcoTherm™ laghachi usoro. The dị oké mkpa mmiri nke usoro na-adade ke ọgụgụ 2. EcoTherm™ na-ekekpepde akọrọ ka a nyo erite n'elu coal eriri. Iji gbochie ehicha banyere 7-10 wt% mmiri na-agbakwunyere na

EcoTherm™ na a elu na-agba pin igwekota tupu idobe n'elu coal na eriri ka coal na-ekekpepde ka mills.

2.3. ST amonia mwepụ usoro

Ike osisi na-amụba itinye n'ọrụ nke amonia injection n'ibelata NOx na SO3 anwuru. NOx na flue gas na-belata mmeghachi omume na amonia n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ site Nhọrọ Catalytic (SCR) ma ọ bụ Nhọrọ Non-Catalytic (SNCR) usoro. Mgbe amonia na-iwesa ndị a Filiks, ụfọdụ ngafe amonia a chọrọ maka kwesịrị ekwesị akara nke NOx. Ọ bụla mmapụta amonia ego na ada uyi na-ahụkarị oyi na-n'akụkụ electrostatic precipitator ash collection usoro. Iji belata particulate ma ọ bụ otú3 aerosol anwuru, amonia na-agbara ndi mmadu n'ime flue gas nnọọ tupu precipitators dapụtara ammonium sulfates depositing na ada uyi. Mgbe ammoniated ash bụghị detrimental ka ihe arụmọrụ, mgbe ammoniated ash na-agwakọta ya na alkaline ciment na mmepụta nke ihe, na amonia na-volatilized nwere emerụ ọrụ.

Iji wepu amonia ka a gas si ada uyi, na ST usoro utilizes otu isi chemical mmeghachi omume nke na-eweta amonia ntọhapụ na ihe. Ntọhapụ nke amonia si ada uyi na-achọ na ammonium ion – molekụla amonia ịha ike gbanwere na ihu ọma nke amonia site ọnụnọ nke alkali. Ofufe ntụ na ndammana elu alkalinity mkpa ọ dịghị ọzọ na alkali. Obere alkaline ntụ, ọ bụla siri ike alkali ga-eje ozi. The ọnụ ala isi iyi nke alkali bụ lime (CaO). The mmeghachi omume nke ammonium salts na lime akafak amonia na-ike mfọn chemical ịha. The chemical mmeghachi omume na-adị ngwa ngwa ozugbo ogige na-etisasịwo.

fig. 3: STET amonia mwepụ System

A schematic esereese nke ST amonia mwepụ usoro na-egosi na ọgụgụ 3. Ash, mmiri na lime achịkwa otosịrị iru na-metered ka a igwekota. Ka obi sie ngwa ngwa Ịgwakọta na edo dispersion nke kwukwara na mmiri na alkali, a akwa siri igwekota na-eji. A ala osisi ike na ngwaọrụ dị ka a pug na nkume igwe nri na-eji dị ka a abụọ igwekota ezigbo ikuku kọntaktị ekwe iga nke amonia si nnukwu nke ash. Ebe ọ bụ na mmiri ọdịnaya nke ash dị ala, ihe aga site na nke a igwekota dị ka a ukwuu jijiji akọrọ ntụ ntụ. Amonia gas anakọtara ma elu na

ala ọsọ agwa na-emegharị na-amụba unit flue.

The deammoniated ash na-mịrị amị site n'ikwusara ndị ihe onwunwe site na a flash drier wepụ ngafe mmiri. Final ash okpomọkụ nke dị 65ºC (150naF) na izu iji na-emepụta a kpamkpam free- eru akọrọ ngwaahịa.

The usoro Recovers 100% nke ada uyi emeso na n'ihi ash osobo niile nkọwa maka ojiji na ihe. STET si amonia mwepụ usoro ike ga-eji naanị ma ọ bụ na Nchikota na ụlọ ọrụ carbon nkewa technology. Nke a modular obibia awade kasị ala na-eri ihe ngwọta maka ịgwọ ma unusable ada uyi.

Nke a azụmahịa ọnụ ọgụgụ na ime nwere ike ijikwa elu

47 ise kwa hour nke metọrọ emetọ na ash, mbenata amonia ọdịnaya na-erughị 75 mg / n'arọ. Full-ọnụ ọgụgụ STET amonia mwepụ usoro na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na Jacksonville Electric Authority SJRPP, TEC Big Bend, na RWE npower Aberthaw ash nhazi ụlọ ọrụ.

3. STET Ash nhazi akụrụngwa

Na-achịkwa ala LOI ada uyi na-emepụta na STET si technology na iri na otu ike ụgbọ ofụri Amerịka, Canada, na U.K., Poland na Korea. The esichara ada uyi ahịa n'okpuru ProAsh® ika a nile ahịa ebe. ProAsh® ofufe ash e mma maka site n'elu iri abụọ ala okporo ụzọ ọchịchị, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na nkọwapụta ụlọ ọrụ. ProAsh® nwekwara e gbaara n'okpuru Canadian Standards Association na EN 450:2005 àgwà ụkpụrụ na Europe. STET ash nhazi ụlọ ọrụ na-depụtara na Isiokwu 1.

na 2008, STET nyere ya kasị ukwuu US ofufe ash beneficiation owuwu na Tampa Electric Company Big Bend Station na Florida. Abụọ STET separators na-arụnyere na-emepụta ala LOI ProAsh® . A mbụ nke-ya-ụdị atọ separator a na-eji ihe ọzọ uche na carbon jirichaa mmanụ uru nke EcoTherm™ na jirichaa ego nke ProAsh® natara. The Big Bend owuwu, nke na-amịpụta 260,000 ton kwa afọ nke ProAsh®, agụnye a 25,000 ton dome maka oriri ash, a 10,000 ton silo maka ProAsh® na a 6,500 ton silo maka EcoTherm™ .

3.1. ZGP Project, Poland

na April 2010 mbụ STET separator echichi na continental Europe a họpụtara na ókè nke ala jikọtara uzu ọkụ na ike osisi nke soda Polska Ciech Sp z o.o. – Janikosoda na Inowrocław osisi Poland. Nke a ash nhazi owuwu, mepụtara jikotara aka wee na STET, na-ekesịpde na ejikwara site ZGP Sp. o.o., na a nkwonkwo ịmalite ụlọ ọrụ nke Lafarge SA, Poland na Polish soda Ciech Sp. si

o.o.The ike na osisi na-emepụta banyere 180,000 ise kwa afọ ada uyi nke e-ebu mmiri ka lagoons 2 km pụọ.

The e wuru ihe owuwu na ókè nke ike osisi. Ngo gụnyere na ntughari nke mmiri ash collection na iga usoro maka ise

boilers ka a akọrọ ash na ok adọ collection usoro, ihe STET separator, nchekwa silos maka ndepụta ash, na ProAsh® na EcoTherm™ ngwaahịa, na ihe EcoTherm™ Laghachi System iweghachi EcoTherm™ na boilers okûnam mmanụ ọkụ uru, nakwa dị ka inyeaka ụlọ, compressors na okporo ụzọ ndị ọhụrụ. N'ihi na oriri ash na-esichara si dị nso Inowrocław- Cuttlefish ike osisi ekesịpde Polish soda Ciech Sp. o.o., ndokwa e mere maka ebutu oriri ash trọk na eweta na pneumatic tanka. The usoro eruba esereese maka ash beneficiation owuwu gosiri na Ọgụgụ 4 na izugbe owuwu layout na Ọgụgụ 5. The ala LOI ProAsh® na-emepụta na EN450:2005 ụkpụrụ na-eji na ndị dị nso cement osisi ekesịpde Lafarge na-emepụta ofufe ash cement. A 30,000 ise akọrọ ash silo e wuru n'ime ogige nke ciment osisi, echekwa ash n'oge oyi oge.

fig. 4. ZGP Usoro Osise

fig. 6. ZGP ST ofufe ash beneficiation osisi

3.2 Design gbadoro

Ash olu na-esichara kwa afọ: 180,000 T

EcoTherm™ combusted site ike osisi 24,000 ise / afọ, ndị fọdụrụ olu na-eji site

1.Disassembly nke mmiri iga usoro

2.Nnyefe na nzukọ nke ọhụrụ na ok adọ erute usoro

3.Nnyefe na nzukọ compressors

4.Construction nke ash nkewa owuwu silos: Nri Ash silo 1,200T

ProAsh® 1,000T EcoTherm ™1,000T

5.Construction nke okporo ụzọ na saịtị akụrụngwa Facility amalite na-elu-na May 2010

Oru ngo-a emejuputa n'ime atụmatụ mmefu ego na na oge.

3.3Performance nke eweta na 2011

Dabere na mma arụmọrụ ahụmahụ enwetara n'oge mmalite-elu arụmọrụ, na na 2010 arụmọrụ, ihe owuwu management kpebiri hazie ọzọ ash si ọzọ ike osisi, na a elu carbon ọdịnaya ada uyi karịa anabata dị ka EN 450 ọkọlọtọ.

The LOI na napụta ash di site 8 ka 20%. Na ìhè nke n'elu, na ash olu esichara site ZGP owuwu mụbara na 2011 ka 220,000 tọn.

LOI maka ada uyi, ProAsh® na EcoTherm™ na 2011

4. nchịkọta

The dechara ada uyi nhazi owuwu, dabeere na technology naputa site Nkewa Technologies LLC kpamkpam tutu amama mkpa iji chekwaa ofufe ash na Matwy na Janikowo ike osisi.

The n'efu ada uyi na mere ka emebi gburugburu ebe obibi maka afọ na e echekwara n'èzí ogige na a nnọọ elu na-eri ghọrọ a marketable ngwaahịa na-akpọ ProAsh® na ugbu a na-nsuresi tinye n'ọrụ site na simenti ụlọ ọrụ, sụgharịa ka ndị EN-450 ọkọlọtọ.

EcoTherm™ ugbu a na-eji dị ka mmanụ ụgbọala site ike osisi na simenti osisi, mbenata ego nke coal nsure site ndị osisi na otú amụba arụmọrụ nke boilers.

Ngo zutere ma ya ego na gburugburu ebe obibi na ebumnobi. The owuwu gosiri a elu ash nhazi ikike, na usoro nke àgwà, ukwu na nhazi technology, ma gosi na a pụrụ ịdabere na.

Ịnwetacha uru itinye n'ọrụ nke ada uyi ka a cement dochie na ihe mmepụta n'ụzọ ebelata carbon dioxide umu anwuru metụtara na-ewu ụlọ ndị. Iji zere ọnwụ nke a bara uru nke ihe n'ihi na ihe mmepụta nakwa dị ka Mbelata green ụlọ gas umu anwuru metụtara na ihe na-ewu, Filiks weghachi àgwà nke ada uyi na akụ na ụba na environmentally viable ụzọ na-mkpa.

The beneficiation nke ada uyi na Nkewa Technologies 'Filiks n'ihu enwekwu ọkọnọ nke a dị mkpa ihe onwunwe. The ST beneficiation Filiks-anọgide na-abụ ihe kasị ọtụtụ etinyere ụzọ iji kwalite ma unusable ada uyi na elu uru ihe maka cement nnọchi na ihe. 19 STET carbon separators bụ ebe na n'elu 100 igwe-afọ nke ọrụ.

ProAsh® hụrụ mbara inara ihe ụlọ ọrụ dị ka a adịchaghị ada uyi na-achọ nnọọ nta nlekota nke ikuku entrainment chọrọ ruru ka obere LOI mgbanwe karịa ndị ọzọ na ntụ.

Iweghachi elu-carbon uche si STET usoro na ji esi mmiri ọkụ na a ike osisi na-enye ohere mgbake nke natara carbon mmanụ ụgbọala uru arụmọrụ yiri coal.

STET awade a mgbagwoju nke aku na uba na oru oma teknụzụ maka inweta ash nke mma àgwà nke ga-agụrụ landfilled. Technologies nke electrostatic carbon nkewa, Ecotherm™ laghachi ji esi mmiri ọkụ, na amonia mwepụ enye a modular ngwọta nke nsogbu metụtara ofufe ash itinye n'ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi-echebe ike oru. Atọ ndị a teknụzụ nwere ike na-emejuputa atumatu na n'ụzọ, ma ọ bụ

Isiokwu. STET Commercial Operations

dị ka a otu oru ngo. Isiokwu nkenke data on pụta, mmejuputa iwu-na azụmahịa ọrụ STET coal ash beneficiation nrụnye na-n'ihu.