Electrostatic Beneficiation a mankwala Ores: Review Ntchito Akale ndi Zokambirana za Improvised Kupatukana System

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Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

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3Rd Mayiko yosiyirana pa luso ndi Technology mu mankwala Makampani

Electrostatic beneficiation a mankwala ores: Review wa ntchito m'mbuyomu

ndi kukambirana kwa dongosolo bwino kulekana

J.D. Bittnerndi, S.A.Gasiorowskindi, F.J.Hrachndi, H. Guicherdb *

ndiCha ku Switzerland Equiment and Technology LLC, Needham, Massachusetts, USA

bcha ku Switzerland Zida & Technology LLC, Avignoni, France

Mkota

Beneficiation a mankwala ores mwa njira youma electrostatic wakhala anayesa ndi ofufuza osiyanasiyana kuyambira 1940. The zifukwa kwa osauka njira youma mankwala kuchira ndi zochepa madzi m'madera ena louma, ndalama flotation mankhwala, ndi ndalama chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngakhale njira electrostatic sapereka ndi zina wathunthu asamire, angakhale abwino monga zowonjezerazo ena mitsinje monga kuchepetsa ndalama / slimes zili miyala isanafike flotation, processing wa tailings flotation apeze mankhwala otaika, ndi kuchepetsa zotsatira zachilengedwe. Ntchito zambiri anachita ntchito ndi mkulu mavuto wodzigudubuza ndi freefall separators pa mamba zasayansi, umboni wokha unsembe malonda ndi m'ma 1940 "Johnson" ndondomeko pa Pierce Anga FL; Palibe umboni mu mabuku a ntchito panopa malonda electrostatics, ngakhale chidwi amphamvu njira youma akupitiriza ntchito m'madera louma. The ntchito zosiyanasiyana kafukufuku lipoti kutsindika kuti yokonza chakudya (kutentha, Gawo kukula, wothandizila zowongolera) kukhudzanso yaikulu pa ntchito. Ngakhale ena amapatukana wabwino akhala zimatheka ndi kuchotsa silika ku phosphates, ndi zitsanzo zochepa za calcite ndi dolomite kwa mankwala, zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa zabwino pamene zosafunika angapo alipo. ntchito Research akupitiriza kuti sule zina njira izi, koma sitingathe lofunika pa machitidwe ochiritsira electrostatic monga mphamvu otsika, kufunika magawo angapo kwa kukulitsa chokwanira miyala, ndi mavuto ntchito chifukwa cha ndalama. Ena mwa malire amenewa akhoza kuthana ndi njira atsopano electrostatic kuphatikizapo olekanitsa triboelectric lamba.

© 2015 The olemba. Lofalitsidwa ndi Elsevier Ltd.

Anzanu review pansi udindo wa komiti SYMPHOS Scientific 2015.

Keywords: mankwala, electrostatic; kulekanitsidwa; mchere; particles chabwino; ndondomeko youma

*lolingana Author: Tel: +33-4-8912-0306 E-mail adiresi: guicherdh@steqtech.com

1877-7058 © 2015 The olemba. Lofalitsidwa ndi Elsevier Ltd.

Anzanu review pansi udindo wa komiti SYMPHOS Scientific 2015.

J.D. Bittner ndi al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

1. Umboni ntchito pa electrostatic beneficiation a mankwala ores

Mankwala ndende ku ores zachilengedwe wachita kale kuchitidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana ntchito ndalama zina zochuluka madzi. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi pa madipoziti zosiyanasiyana mankwala padziko lonse, komanso kuwonjezeka ndalama zololera ndi chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi chitukuko cha ogwira, zachuma youma ndondomeko ndi kofunika.

Njira youma electrostatic processing wa mankwala ores akhala akufuna ndipo anasonyeza pa mamba ang'onoang'ono zoposa 70 zaka. Komabe, ofunsira malonda njira awa akhala okha kwambiri. The "Johnson ndondomeko" [1] anamugwiritsa malonda kuyambira mu 1938 kwa nthawi fakitale American ulimi Chemical Company pafupi Pierce Florida USA. Zimenezi ntchito zovuta mndandanda wa maelekitirodi wodzigudubuza (chithunzi 1) kwa Mipikisano gawo ndende kuchira mankwala ku deslimed tailings washery, flotation Pre-limafotokoza, kapena tailings flotation. kuyambira ndi 15.4% P2The5 ndi 57.3% insoluble nkhani za tailings chabwino, kudzera osakaniza gulu kukula, desliming, ndipo preconditioning wa tailings zouma, zakuthupi ndi 33.7% P2The5 ndipo kokha 6.2% insoluble anali anachira. Mu chitsanzo china, Kutukula tailings flotation ndi 2.91% P2The5 zinachititsa mankhwala a 26.7% P2The5 ndi 80% kuchira. Johnson anaona kuti kunali koyenera kuti azisamalila washery tailings ndi mankhwala reagents amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu flotation mankwala kupeza mkulu wa phosphate kalasi ndi kuchira. Iye imatchula mphamvu ya mafuta mafuta ndi mafuta zidulo monga reagents.

chithunzi 1, Johnson ndondomeko zida ndi nthenda yotaya pepala US Maluso 2,135,716 ndi 2,197,865, 1940 [1][2]

Pamene unsembe izi malonda ndi asonyezedwa mabuku monga kuyambira za 1938, si bwino mmene kwambiri kapena kwa nthawi yaitali bwanji ndondomeko ankagwiritsa ntchito. Mu mau ake a udindo wa amapatukana electrostatic mpaka 1961, The. C. Ralston

[3]analemba kuti asanu lalikulu Johnson separators anaikidwa lililonse processing za 10 matani / hr wa -20 thumba chakudya. Aliyense olekanitsa anali 10 ipitirirabe mkulu ndi voteji ntchito ya 20 kV. Palibe malonda-ang'ono mankwala concentrators ntchito electrostatics anaikidwa mu Florida malinga Ralston. Yachokera pa ndondomeko zida kufotokoza, olemba

J.D. Bittner ndi al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

amanenanso kuti mphamvu wonse wa njira anali m'malo otsika poyerekezera ndi mphamvu njira zina, monga yonyowa flotation. Low mphamvu ndi ndalama za kuumitsa chakudya miyala ku migodi yamvula Florida mwachidziwikire chifukwa Kuchepetsa ntchito zina za ndondomeko mu 1940s ndi 1950s.

Mu 1950 ndi ogwira 1960 kuti mayiko Mchere & mankhwala Corporation (IMC) anafufuza ntchito youma njira electrostatic olekanitsa kwa beneficiation mchere. Floridian mankwala miyala processing anali kwenikweni IMC. The ntchito IMC ntchito ufulu kugwa olekanitsa kapangidwe zina ndi tinthu adzapereke kumatheka chifukwa kudutsa agitator kapena impactor monga nyundo kapena ndodo mphero. [4] A setifiketi wotsatira [5] Zina kuwongola olekanitsa ntchito chargers zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ngakhale setifiketi komaliza pa mndandanda

[6]anapeza kuti tinthu kukhudzana nauza pa kutentha okwera (>70° F) anali mtima kwambiri kuposa ntchito dongosolo naupereka. Nthumwi zitsanzo za zotsatira umapezeka eni luso awa tikuonera Table 1.

Table 1. Zotsatira lipoti ku mayiko Mchere & mankhwala Patents 1955-1965

The eni luso osiyanasiyana IMC anafufuza chikoka cha tinthu kukula, kuphatikizapo processing wa mabala zosiyanasiyana chophimba mosadalira, ngakhale ntchito pang'ono nawo zabwino kwambiri (<45 μm) particles. Zitsanzo zowongolera chinkasiyana kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kusintha kutentha, chisanadze kuchapa ndi kuyanika, ndi njira zosiyana kuyanika (mosadziwika kuyanika, kung'anima kuyanika, nyali kutentha ndi yeniyeni IR ranges timaganiza). zosafunika osiyana (i.e. silicates Versus carbonates) chofunika osiyana akuchitira ndi pretreatment njira konza kulekana. Ngakhale zikuonekeratu ku kufotokozera setifiketi kuti IMC anali kuyesayesa kukhala malonda lonse ndondomeko, Kupenda mabuku silimanena kuti yowalongera unsembe anayamba inamangidwa ndi opareshoni pamalo IMC.

Mu ntchito za m'ma 1960 makamaka pa carbonate munali mankwala ores ku North Carolina chitachitidwa pa Laboratory North Carolina State University Mchere Research, [9] Ntchito choyezera lonse freefall olekanitsa ndi osakaniza kupanga a carbonate pansi chipolopolo ndi mankwala nsangalabwi flotation maganizo mu yopapatiza kukula osiyanasiyana (-20kuti +48 thumba), Kafukufukuyu anasonyeza kuti preconditioning zakuthupi ndi asidi wokolopa kapena mafuta zidulo mukopedwe mlandu wachibale wa mankwala monga kaya zabwino kapena zoipa. Ndi kusiyana lakuthwa zimapezeka. Komabe, pamene ntchito miyala zachilengedwe munali yambiri ya ndalama, okha kusiyana osauka kotheka. The bwino lipoti kulekana zotsalira kuchokera flotation kukulitsa ndi P koyamba2The5 ambiri 8.2% anachira mankhwala a 22.1% P2The5. Palibe mulingo kuchira anauzidwa. alimiwa, mmodzi wa mavuto lipoti anali kumanga-ndi ndalama pa maelekitirodi ndi olekanitsa.

ntchito zina pa kulekana electrostatic la North Carolina mankwala ntchito mkulu mavuto wodzigudubuza mtundu olekanitsa

[10]anapeza kuti pamene kulekana kwa phosphate ndi khwatsi kotheka, kuyanika mtengo unali prohibitive. Komabe, linaperekedwa kuti calcined mankwala ores zauma, Akatswiri ananenera kuti electrostatic kulekana kwa ores chonchi kungakhale kotheka. Kulekana kwa phosphates calcined anali osauka mu ntchito inanena. Kupatukana anaonekera kwa likugwirizana kukula tinthu osati zikuchokera. patsogolo Mavesi kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe ena electrostatic kulekana, reagents kumapangitsanso tinthu nawuza makhalidwe ndi pafupi kwambiri chophimba sizing zipangizo. Palibe umboni wina uliwonse yotsatira ntchito anachita ntchitoyi.

Chinachake kale ntchito ntchito yapamwamba-mavuto wodzigudubuza separators [11] bwinobwino kuchotsedwa zotayidwa ndi chitsulo mankhwala kuchokera athamangadi-wa-wanga miyala ku Florida. miyalayo anauma, woponderezedwa, mosamala kakulidwe isanafike kulekana. The P2The5 ndende linawonjezeka marginally ku 30.1% kuti 30.6% koma kuchotsa Al ndi Fe mankhwala kuthandiza bwino wotsatira kuchira mwa njira flotation. ntchito Chitsanzo ntchito ndi olekanitsa electrostatic kuthana vuto ndi miyala yeniyeni kuti okha ochiritsira yonyowa processing.

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Pamodzi ndi zofufuza mu kulekana kwa zipangizo zina zambiri, Ciccu ndi Co-antchito anayesedwa kulekana zosiyanasiyana mankwala kuphatikizapo magwero ku India ores, Algeria, Tunisia, ndipo Angola. [12] Electrostatic kulekana anali chidwi monga njira ina m'malo flotation njira imeneyi kukukhudza zachuma chifukwa chakuti madipoziti lalikulu phosphates zimapezeka m'madera louma. [13] Ntchito choyezera-ang'ono ufulu kugwa separators ndi "turbocharger", Akatswiri awa anali amatha kupeza zotsatira kulekana ofanana ndi njira flotation ku ores ndi nyimbo osavuta gangue. mwachindunji, iwo anapeza kuti mankwala mlandu ndithu pamaso pa silika, koma zoipa pamaso pa calcite. Komabe, ngati miyala munali ndalama yaikulu ya onse silika ndi carbonate, kulekana electrostatic anali wosauka ndi njira flotation anatsimikizira mosavuta chopezera amapatukana othandiza. Tikaona maphunziro a zotsatira za turbocharger pa nawuza wa particles munthu, Akatswiri izi ponena kuti gangue zinthu mlandu makamaka ndi tinthu-tinthu kukhudzana osati kukhudzana ndi pamalo turbocharger. [13] [14] Nawuza analinso tcheru kwambiri kutentha zakuthupi, ndi kulekana bwino kuchipeza pamwamba 100 ° C. Komanso, pamaso pa mfundo zabwino anayambitsa mavuto olekanitsa ndi zotsatira zabwino zimadalira sizing mosamala tinthu atatu kukula Mitandadza isanafike kulekana. A mwachidule zotsatira ndi gulu limeneli kwake Table 2. No zonse- ofunsira lonse amaoneka kuti akhala akuyendera zochokera ntchito.

Table 2. Zotsatira lipoti ku Ciccu, ndi. Al. kuchokera zasayansi-ang'ono ufulu kugwa separators

Electrostatic kulekana ya miyala Igupto anali kuphunzira ndi Hammoud, neri Al. ntchito choyezera-ang'ono ufulu kugwa olekanitsa. [15] The miyala ntchito zili makamaka silika ndi zina insoluble ndi P koyamba2The5 ambiri 27.5%. The mankhwala anachira anali P2The5 ambiri 33% ndi 71.5% kuchira.

Kafukufuku zina za miyala Aigupto ndi gangue makamaka siliceous kunachitidwa ndi Abouzeid, neri Al. ntchito olekanitsa zasayansi wodzigudubuza. [16] Ofufuzawa makamaka anafuna kudziwa njira youma kuganizira ndi / kapena dedust mankwala ores m'maboma ndi kusowa kwa madzi. Phunziro lino analandira mankhwala ndi 30% P2The5 kuchokera zakuthupi chakudya ndi 18.2 % P2The5 ndi ayambe 76.3 % pambuyo sizing kusamala chuma osiyanasiyana yopapatiza pakati 0.20 mamilimita ndi 0.09 mamilimita.

Mu wotsatira review Nkhani kuphimba uthunthu wonse wa njira beneficiation apeze mankwala, Abouzeid inanena kuti pamene electrostatic njira kupatukana anali bwino kukulitsa mankwala ores ndi kuchotsa silika ndi carbonates, mphamvu yochepa ya separators zilipo zochepa ntchito zawo kupanga malonda. [17]

Electrostatic kulekana kwa Florida ores anali kuphunzira posachedwapa ndi Stencel ndi Jian ntchito choyezera otaya-podutsika ufulu- kugwa olekanitsa. [18] Cholinga chinali kupeza njira kapena yowonjezera processing chiwembu kuti machitidwe kuleza ntchito flotation kuyambira flotation sanathe ntchito pa zinthu zosakwana 105 μm. Nkhanizi yabwino chabe landfilled, chifukwa kufa pafupifupi 30% a mankwala poyamba ncho. Iwo anawayesa deslimed miyala yaiwisi, chabwino chakudya flotation, rougher flotation maganizo, ndi chomaliza flotation limafotokoza kuwapeza awiri zomera processing mu Florida pa mitengo chakudya kwa 14 makilogalamu / ola olekanitsa labu-ang'ono. zotsatira zabwino kulekana akuti ndi chakudya chabwino flotation (+0.1 mamilimita; ~ 12% P2The5) kwa buku lina limene linali akweza kuti 21-23% P2The5 mu mipita awiri ndi 81- 87% P2The5 kuchira pokana silika makamaka insoluble. Zotsatira oterewa zimatheka pamene tribocharging chakudya pogwiritsa ntchito ndi pneumatic kupereka chubu kapena onsewo tribo-naupereka.

The posachedwapa inati kafukufuku mu kulekana electrostatic a mankwala ores imene kachitidwe lakonzedwa bwino konza adzapereke kwa zipangizo isanafike oyamba mu ufulu kugwa olekanitsa, Tao ndi Al-Hwaiti [19] amadziŵika kuti panalibe ntchito malonda electrostatics kwa beneficiation mankwala chifukwa kachitidwe otsika

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matulukidwe, Mwachangu otsika ndi kufunika ntchito ndi yopapatiza tinthu kukula yogawa. Ochita kafukufuku amenewa makamaka nafuna kuthana ndi otsika tinthu mlandu kachulukidwe kugwirizana ndi kachitidwe amadalira tinthu kuti tinthu kukhudzana kapena yaikulu dongosolo losavuta adzapereke. Ndikugwira ntchito ndi miyala Jordanian ndi kwenikweni silika gangue, nkhani idagonjetsedwa kuti -1.53 mamilimita mosamala anakana kuchotsa zinthu pansipa 0.045 mamilimita. Kagulu zasayansi lonse chatsika olekanitsa anali zokuzira ndi kumene cholinga onsewo naupereka cholinga ndi yamphamvu ndi n'kupuma ndi ng'oma onsewo, kapena naupereka, ndi danga annular pakati. Mphamvu kotunga kunja anamugwiritsa ntchito angathe magetsi pakati ng'oma kudya onsewo ndi yamphamvu n'kupuma. Pambuyo nawuza wolankhula ndi ng'oma onsewo, particles zikupita ku ochiritsira chatsika olekanitsa. Kugwira ntchito ndi 100 galamu mtanda kukula ndipo kuyambira ndi chakudya anakana P2The5 ochititsa 23.8%, pambuyo mipita awiri maganizo ndi kuti 32.11% P2The5 anali anachira, ngakhale yekha ndi kuchira chachikulu 29%.

Pofuna beneficiate ndalama mankwala (< 0.1 mamilimita), Bada neri Al. ntchito ufulu kugwa olekanitsa ndi onsewo dongosolo nawuza zofanana kwambiri ndi Tao a.[20]. Nkhani kuyambira inachokera flotation maganizo munali ndalama ndi P2The5 wa 28.5%. A mankhwala a 34.2% P2The5 anali anachira koma kachiwiri ndi mlingo kuchira otsika 33.4%.

Izi "makina triboelectrostatic chatsika olekanitsa" anali nso kwa beneficiation wouma phosphates ndi Sobhy ndi Tao. [21] Ndikugwira ntchito ndi wosweka dolomitic mankwala nsangalabwi ku Florida ndi yotakata kwambiri tinthu kukula osiyanasiyana (1.25 mamilimita – <0.010 mamilimita), ndi mankwala maganizo ndi 1.8% MgO ndi 47% P2The5 kuchira anapangidwa kuchokera kwa chakudya kuyambira pafupifupi 23% P2The5 ndi 2.3% MgO. Zotsatira akadakwanitsira pa chipangizo labu-ang'ono amene zimatheka pamene kudyetsa 9 makilogalamu / hr ndi - 3kV ntchito kwa naupereka makina. Mwachangu kulekana anauzidwa kuti kuchepetsedwa ndi onse kumasulidwa osauka nkhani particles lalikulu kusokonezedwa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana tinthu m'chipinda kulekana.

Zotsatira yabwino zimatheka pamene processing munthu asamire chakudya nyemba ndi kuchepera tinthu kukula kufalitsa 1 kuti 0.1 mamilimita. Ndi P koyamba2The5 zili pafupifupi 10%, zitsanzo mankhwala zimapezeka pafupifupi 25% P2The5 okhutira, P2The5 ayambe 90%, ndi kukana 85% wa khwatsi pa. Izi Mwachangu anasonyeza tinaonera monga kuposa kuti analandira ndi olekanitsa chatsika ndi dongosolo zambiri ochiritsira adzapereke anagwiritsa ntchito Stencel [18] kusonyeza mwayi kumene cholinga makina naupereka. Processing munthu asamire maganizo okhala 31.7% P2The5 zinachititsa mankhwala a woposa 35% P2The5 ndi ayambe 82%. kukulitsa Izi tinaonera kukhala bwino kuposa zotheka ndi flotation.

Izi zasayansi lonse olekanitsa ndi dongosolo kulekana m'lifupi 7.5 masentimita limati anali ndi mphamvu ya 25 makilogalamu / hr, lofanana 1/3 tonne / hr / mita wa m'lifupi. Komabe, lipoti zotsatira za mlingo chakudya pa dzuwa kulekana anasonyeza kuti amapatukana mulingo woyenera zimapezeka pa yokha 9 makilogalamu / hr kapena pang'ono pa gawo limodzi la mphamvu mwadzina a dongosolo.

Cacikulu, ntchito m'mbuyomu pa electrostatic kukulitsa a mankwala ores zabwerera m'mbuyo mwa adzapereke wachibale wa gangue zovuta komaso zimawononga wa zotsatira tinthu kukula, makamaka, zotsatira za ndalama. The ambiri cha ntchito kokha zasayansi zida sikelo palibe kutsimikiza kuti lonse malonda, mosalekeza zipangizo opareshoni angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Komanso, ndi ubongo otsika kupezeka electrostatic zida ndondomeko apanga ntchito malonda uneconomical.

2. Pochita ochiritsira njira electrostatic kulekana

Mkulu mavuto wodzigudubuza electrostatic machitidwe kupatukana monga ntchito ndi Groppo [10] ndipo Kouloheris neri Al. [11] chotchuka ntchito kukulitsa zosiyanasiyana zipangizo pamene chimodzi ndi conductive kuposa ena. Mu njira izi, chuma ayenera funsani ndi ng'oma otsendereka kapena mbale ambiri pambuyo particles zakuthupi ndi zoipa mlandu ndi ionizing kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga kumaliseche. zipangizo conductive adzautaya akuwayang'anira mofulumira ndi adzaponyedwa ku ng'oma ndi. The sanali- zakuthupi conductive akupitirizabe anakopeka ng'oma kuyambira mlandu kudzatha pang'onopang'ono ndipo idzagwa kapena akukankhira kwa ng'oma pambuyo kulekana ndi chuma kuchititsa.

Chithunzi otsatirawa (chithunzi 2) chikusonyeza mbali yofunika ya mtundu wa olekanitsa. Zimene zimachitika

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zocheperapo mphamvu chifukwa kukhudzana zinafunika aliyense tinthu kwa ng'oma kapena mbale. Mphamvu ya izi separators ng'oma mpukutu amagwiritsidwa okha particles pafupifupi 0.1mm wamkulu kukula chifukwa chosowa onse kulankhula ndi mbale, ochirimika ndi chofunika mphamvu otaya tinthu. Tinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana nawonso mphamvu osiyana otaya chifukwa zotsatira inertial chingandithandize kupatukana kuzichepetsa.

chithunzi 2: Drum electrostatic olekanitsa (Mkulu ndi Yan, 2003 [22]

Okha anayesa adzafuna kwa mankwala beneficiation chifukwa chikhalidwe si conductive wa phosphates ndi mmene gangue zakuthupi. Kouloheris anati kwenikweni ena kuchotsa chitsulo ndi zotayidwa munali particles kuti, chifukwa chikhalidwe chawo conductive, ndi "anaponyedwa" kuchokera wodzigudubuza ndi. Kukhalapo kwa mtundu umenewu nkhani ores mankwala si wamba. Groppo ananena kuti nkhani yekha kuti anali "zikumangidwa" kuti wodzigudubuza ngati "sanali wochititsa" anali ndalama, kusonyeza kuti kulekana ndi tinthu kukula koposa zikuchokera zinthu. [9] Ndi zotheka kuchotserapo yosowa, ores mankwala si amenable kuti beneficiation ndi mkulu mavuto wodzigudubuza separators.

Drum separators wodzigudubuza akhala ntchito mu masanjidwe kudalira triboelectric adzapereke kwa particles osati adzapereke anachititsa ndi ionization anachititsa ndi munda mkulu-kumangika. maelekitirodi chimodzi kapena zingapo pabwino pamwamba ng'oma ndi, monga "malo amodzi" elekitirodi taphunzira Chithunzi 2, zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti "Nyamulani" particles mlandu zosiyana padziko ng'oma. Chotero dongosolo anamugwiritsa ntchito Abouzeid, neri Al. [16] amene anapeza kuti dzuwa kulekana linasinthidwa malingana polarity ndi ntchito ndi voteji wa maelekitirodi pa malo amodzi. Njira Johnson [1] ntchito inanso ina olekanitsa ng'oma wodzigudubuza. Komabe, mphamvu zochepa ndi dzuwa la dongosolo limodzi wodzigudubuza kumabweretsa machitidwe zovuta monga taphunzira Chithunzi 1. Monga tanenera, zikuoneka kuti Kuvuta ichi ndi akukhudzidwira inefficiency kwa ndondomekoyi zochepa zokha tanthauzo lake.

Kulekanitsidwa Triboelectrostatic suthera kulekana kwa conductive / sanali conductive zipangizo koma zimadalira chodabwitsa kutengerapo paudindo ndi kukhudzana frictional zipangizo ndi umagwirira yosiyana pamwamba. zodabwitsazi lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito "ufulu kugwa" njira kulekana kwa zaka zambiri. ndondomeko otere taphunzira Chithunzi 3. Zigawo za chisakanizo cha particles woyamba kukhala milandu osiyana ndi kukhudzana mwina pamwamba zitsulo, monga mu tribo-naupereka, kapena ndi tinthu kuti tinthu kukhudzana, monga mu fluidized chipangizo bedi kudya. Monga particles kugwa mwa

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munda magetsi mu zone elekitirodi, njira yodutsamo aliyense tinthu ali anapanduka kwa elekitirodi mlandu popenyana. Pambuyo mtunda wina, zosonkhanitsira bins ntchito kupatutsa madzi. makhazikitsidwe Chitsanzo amafuna magawo angapo olekanitsa ndi akonzanso wa kachigawo middling. Ena zipangizo ntchito mtsinje azilandira mpweya kuthandiza kupereka kwa particles mwa zone elekitirodi.

chithunzi 5: "Free kugwa" triboelectrostatic olekanitsa

M'malo malingana basi pa tinthu kuti tinthu kukhudzana kupangira mlandu kutengerapo, kachitidwe ambiri a mtundu uwu ntchito "naupereka" gawo ulibe zinthu chosankhidwa kapena wopanda ntchito voteji kumapangitsanso tinthu adzapereke. Mu 1950, Lawver ankafufuza ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo nyundo mphero ndodo mphero kudzutsa mphamvu chuma pakati pa magawo kulekana [4] komanso chargers yosavuta mbale zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. [5] [6] Komabe, Lawver anapeza kuti kutentha zinthu anali a zochuluka kufunika ndi tinthu-tinthu mlandu kutengerapo pamwamba yozungulira kutentha anapereka bwino kuposa ntchito naupereka. Lounge neri Al. [12] ankafufuza digiri wachibale wa kutengerapo mlandu ndipo anaona kuti zazing'ono gangue zinthu anapeza mlandu poyambilira kudzera tinthu-tinthu kukhudzana chifukwa Mwina otsika mmene pafupipafupi ndi mbale naupereka. Izi zikusonyeza malire kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwe naupereka: particles onse ayenera kulankhula ndi naupereka pamwamba kotero mlingo chakudya ayenera kukhala wotsika. Contact angathe bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu yovuta kwa Ndikuuzani nkhani kapena pogwiritsa ntchito yaikulu padziko dera kusuntha naupereka. The ntchito posachedwapa Tao [19] ndipo Bada [20] ndipo Sobhy [21] ntchito mwapadera onsewo naupereka ndi voteji Akutsatira koma pa oche- lonse zasayansi olekanitsa. Ngakhale izi bwino naupereka kapangidwe wasonyeza kuti ndi wapamwamba kachitidwe achikulire, anasonyeza processing kuti ubongo wa kachitidwe adakali otsika kwambiri. [21]

Mtundu wa ufulu kugwa olekanitsa komanso ali ndi zofooka mu tinthu kukula kwa zida zimene angathe kukonzedwa. The otaya mu zone elekitirodi ziyenera kulamulidwa kuchepetsa kugwedezekagwedezeka kupewa "Kupaka" olekanitsa ndi. The njira yodutsamo wa particles yabwino kwambiri kunatheka chifukwa cha kugwedezekagwedezeka kuyambira kuuluka bwino potsatira njira kukoka mphamvu tinthu zabwino ndi yokulirapo kuposa mphamvu yokoka ndi electrostatic. Vutoli tingagonjetse zina ngati chuma ndi ndi yopapatiza tinthu kukula osiyanasiyana kukonzedwa. Zambiri za kafukufuku zafotokozedwa pamwambapa m'gulu chisanadze mosamala nsalu mu ranges osiyana kukula kuti konza kulekana. [5] [6] [7] [9] [12] [14] [16] [19] [20] [21] The

J.D. Bittner ndi al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

kusiyana kwa 8 kuti 20 kV. lamba, umene unapangidwa pulasitiki si kuchititsa, ndi mauna lalikulu ndi za 60% oonekera. particles mosavuta kudutsa tizibowo lamba. Pa yolowera kusiyana maelekitirodi ndi particles zoipa mlandu amakopeka ndi mphamvu ya magetsi kumunda kwa maelekitirodi pansi HIV. The particles ndithu mlandu amakopeka ndi zoipa mlandu elekitirodi pamwamba. Liwiro la mosalekeza lamba kuzungulira ndi variable ku 4 kuti 20m / s. Masamu mtanda malangizo chingwe amagwirabe kusesa particles kuchokera maelekitirodi kusunthira iwo kutha moyenera olekanitsa ndi kubwerera mkulu zone kukameta ubweya pakati pa zigawo oppositely yoyamikira lamba. Chifukwa tinthu chiwerengero kachulukidwe ndi mkulu mkati kusiyana maelekitirodi ndi (pafupifupi- lachitatu voliyumu ali wotanganidwa ndi particles) ndi nthenda yotaya ndi mwamphamvu mwakwiya, pali ngozi zambiri pakati pa particles ndi mulingo woyenera adzapereke zimachitika mosalekeza mu zone kulekana. Kauntala-panopa otaya anachititsa ndi oppositely kusuntha zigawo lamba ndi zonse kukonzanso nawuza ndi kukonzanso kulekana amalenga kauntala panopa multistage kulekana mwa zida limodzi. Izi adzapereke mosalekeza ndi recharging wa particles mkati olekanitsa ndi kumatha chilichonse chofunika "naupereka" dongosolo isanafike powapatsa chuma olekanitsa ndi, Motero kuchotsa mavuto pa mphamvu separators ena electrostatic. The linanena bungwe la olekanitsa izi ndi mitsinje awiri, ndi maganizo ndi zotsalira, popanda middlings mtsinje. Mwachangu wa olekanitsa izi wasonyeza ofanana ndi pafupifupi atatu magawo a chatsika kulekana ndi middlings akonzanso.

Maminolo A Kutha

chithunzi 7: Chikhazikitso cha STET m'Galimoto olekanitsa

Kulekana kwambiri kothandiza wa particles zosakwana 0.5 mamilimita chimachititsa yabwino ndi kutsimikiziridwa njira kupatukana wa ndalama (fumbi) kuchokera potashi youma umapezeka opareshoni. The STET olekanitsa akhoza pokonza osiyanasiyana zamitundu tinthu efficiently popanda kufunika gulu mu ranges yopapatiza kukula. Chifukwa cha mukubwadamuka wolimba, mkulu kukameta ubweya mlingo pakati malamba kusunthira, ndi luso kusamalira particles zabwino kwambiri (<0.001 mamilimita) ndi cha ku Switzerland olekanitsa mwina mogwira kulekanitsa mankwala miyala slimes pamene ena separators electrostatic alephera.

3.1 Capital ndi ntchito mtengo

Kafukufuku mtengo poyerekeza atatumidwa ndi STET ndi kumulondolera ndi Soutex Inc. [25] Soutex ndi Quebec Canada zochokera zomangamanga kampani agwira mu yonyowa flotation ndi electrostatic kupatukana ndondomeko kuwunika ndi kapangidwe. phunziro poyerekeza likulu ndi opaleshoni ndalama triboelectrostatic ndondomeko lamba kulekana kwa ochiritsira froth flotation kwa beneficiation wa wozama kalasi barite miyalayo. Ndalama zikugwira ntchito anali akuti monga ntchito opaleshoni, kukonza, mphamvu (magetsi ndi mafuta), ndipo consumables (e.g, mankhwala ndalama reagent kwa flotation). ndalama athandizira chinazikidwa makhalidwe lililonse kwa mbewu Wonenedwa ili pafupi Battle Mountain, Nevada USA. The mtengo okwana umwini pa zaka khumi anali masamu ndi mtengo likulu ndi opaleshoni ndi odzimva ndi

J.D. Bittner ndi al./ Procedia Engineering 00 (2015) 000-000

8% kuchotsera mlingo. Zotsatira za mtengo poyerekeza alipo monga chiwerengero wachibale Table 3. Table 3. Mtengo Kuyerekezera kwa Barite Processing

Onse kugula mtengo zida likulu la triboelectrostatic lamba ndondomeko kupatukana pang'ono zosakwana kuti asamire. Komabe pamene zolowa okwana likulu kuchita masamu kuti monga zida unsembe, piping ndi magetsi ndalama, ndi ndalama ndondomeko nyumba, kusiyana ndi lalikulu. Onse likulu mtengo kwa triboelectrostatic lamba ndondomeko kupatukana 63.2% la mtengo wa ndondomeko flotation. Mtengo kwambiri kuchepetsa ndondomeko youma zimachitika pepala chosavuta otaya. Ndalama zikugwira ntchito kwa triboelectrostatic lamba ndondomeko kupatukana 75.5% za ndondomeko flotation chifukwa amafuna makamaka m'munsi ndodo opaleshoni ndipo mowa mphamvu m'munsi.

The mtengo okwana umwini wa triboelectrostatic lamba ndondomeko kupatukana kwambiri zosakwana kuti asamire. Mlembi kuphunzira, Soutex Inc., anapeza kuti triboelectrostatic lamba kupatukana ndondomeko amapereka ubwino apeza CAPEX, OPEX, osavuta ntchito.

4. Chidule

Ngakhale beneficiation a mankwala mwa njira youma electrostatic ores wakhala anayesa ndi ofufuza osiyanasiyana kuyambira 1940 pakhala kwambiri malire ntchito njira imeneyo pamlingo malonda. The bwino kwenikweni wakhala chifukwa zosiyanasiyana zinthu choikidwa ndi olekanitsa machitidwe zojambula ndi zovuta za ores ndi.

yokonza chakudya (kutentha, Gawo kukula, wothandizila zowongolera) kumakhudza yaikulu pa ntchito kachitidwe kulekana. Mwayi ntchito zina mderali, makamaka kufufuza wa wothandizila mankhwala zowongolera kuti kumapangitsanso masiyanidwe adzapereke kwa particles kuti athe dzuwa kwambiri kulekana wotsatira. Pogwiritsa ntchito wothandizila mlandu-kusintha angachotsedwe zomwe angathe beneficiate ores ndi zinthu zovuta gangue, kuphatikizapo silicates ndi carbonates.

Ngakhale kugwira ntchito poyenga zina njira izi, zofooka lofunika pa machitidwe ochiritsira electrostatic monga mphamvu, ndi zofunika magawo angapo kwa kukulitsa chokwanira miyala, ndi mavuto ntchito chifukwa cha ndalama. Kuti yotheka ntchito amalonda lonse njira anasonyeza zasayansi, patsogolo kwambiri ayenera kukhala kutsimikizira odalirika, opareshoni mosalekeza popanda kuwononga Mwachangu.

The STET triboelectric olekanitsa amapereka makampani mchere processing njira beneficiate zipangizo zabwino ndi luso kwathunthu youma. The ndondomeko wochezeka angathe kuchotsa processing yonyowa ndi chofunika kuyanika zakuthupi chomaliza. The ndondomeko STET ukugwira ntchito pa mphamvu mkulu - mpaka 40 tonnes paola ndi makina yaying'ono. The STET olekanitsa akhoza pokonza osiyanasiyana zamitundu tinthu efficiently popanda kufunika gulu mu ranges yopapatiza kukula. Chifukwa cha mukubwadamuka wolimba, mkulu kukameta ubweya mlingo pakati malamba kusunthira, ndi luso kusamalira particles zabwino kwambiri (<0.001 mamilimita) ndi STET olekanitsa mwina mogwira kulekanitsa slimes ku ores mankwala pomwe ena separators electrostatic alephera. magetsi ndi otsika, pafupifupi 1-2 kWh / tonnes zakuthupi kukonzedwa. Popeza yekha angathe umuna kwa ndondomekoyi ndi fumbi, zololera ndi amangoona mosavuta.

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Zothandizira

[1]H. B. Johnson, Processing moonetsetsa mankwala Kuchitira Mchere, United States Maluso # 2,135,716, November, 1938

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[3]O.C. Ralston, Electrostatic Kupatukana wa zolimba obwerawa Granular, Elsevier Yofalitsa Company, kusindikizidwa, 1961.

[4]J.E. Lawver, Miyalayo Beneficiation Njira US Maluso 2723029 November 1955

[5]J.E. Lawver, Beneficiation wa Non-zachitsulo mchere. US Maluso 2,754,965 July 1956

[6]J.E. Lawver, Beneficiation a mankwala Ores US Maluso 3,225,923 Dis 1965

[7]C. C. Cook, Beneficiation Njira ndi zida Choncho, United States Maluso # 2,738,067, March, 1956

[8]J.E. Lawver, Beneficiation wa Non-zachitsulo mchere. US Maluso 2,805,769 September 1957

[9]D. G. Freasby, Free kugwa electrostatic kulekana kwa phosphate ndi calcite particles, Mchere Research Laboratory Report Bwino, December, 1966

[10]J.G. Groppo, Electrostatic kulekana kwa North Carolina phosphates, North Carolina State University Mchere Research Laboratory Report

# 80-22-P, 1980

[11]A.P. Kouloheris, MS. Huang, Youma m'zigawo ndi kuyeretsa timiyala mankwala ku athamangadi-wa-wanga thanthwe, United States Maluso # 3,806,046, April 1974

[12]R. Brillante, C. Delfa, G.B. ubwino, P. Carbini, L. Raze, P. Saba1972 Ena mayesero kulekana electrostatic ntchito kwa phosphates ndi gangue carbonate ', Mayiko Maminolo Processing Congress, University of Cagliari, Italy

[13]R. Brillante, M. Pitani, Beneficiation amatsamira nyanja mankwala ores ndi flotation kusankha kapena electrostatic kulekana, Zokambirana, msonkhano FIPR 1993, 135-146.

[14]R. Brillante, M. Pitani, G. Ferrara Kusankha tribocharging wa particles kupatukana, Kona ufa ndi tinthu Journal 1993, 11, 5-15.

[15]N.S. Hammoud, A. E. Khazback, M.M. kapena, 1977 ndondomeko Sinthani chochepa sanali oxidized phosphates zovuta kwa Abu Tartur Plateau

(Western chipululu)". Mayiko Maminolo Conference Processing.

[16]A.Z.M. Abouzeid, A. E. Khazback, S.A. Hassan, Kutukula mankwala ores ndi kulekanitsidwa electrostatic, Kusintha Scopes wa Maminolo Processing, 1996, 161-170.

[17]A.Z.M. Abouzeid, Thupi ndi matenthedwe mankhwala a mankwala ores - An mwachidule, Journal mayiko a Maminolo Processing, 2008, 85, 59-84.

[18]J.M. Stencel, X. Jiang Pneumatic Transport, Triboelectric Beneficiation kwa Florida mankwala Makampani, Report Final wokolezedwera Institute of Research mankwala Florida, FIPR Project 01-02-149R, December 2003.

[19]D. munthu, M. Al-Hwaiti, Beneficiation kuphunzira Eshidiya phosphorites ntchito makina triboelectrostatic olekanitsa, Migodi Science and Technology 20 (2010) mas. 357-364.

[20]S. The. ngati, I.M. Chimphamba, R.M.S. Chimphamba, C.P, Bergmann, Kuthekera kuphunzira pa ndende triboelectrostatic wa <105μm mankwala miyalayo. The Journal wa Institute of Migodi ndi zitsulo Southern African, mulole 2012, 112, 341-345.

[21]A. Sobhy, D. munthu, Nzeru RTS zatsopano beneficiation wouma mankwala, SYMPHOS 2013 - 2na- Yosiyirana mayiko pa luso ndi Technology kwa mankwala Makampani. Procedia Engineering, Vol. 83 PP 111-121, 2014.

[22]J. mkulu, E. Yan, 2003. "EForce.- Zatsopano m'badwo wa olekanitsa electrostatic kwa makampani mchere mchenga. "Amphamvu Mchere Conference, Johannesburg, Institute of Migodi ndi zitsulo South African.

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[24]J.D. Bittner, F.J. Hrach, S.A. Gasiorowski, L.A. Canellopoulus, H. Guicherd, Triboelectric lamba olekanitsa kwa beneficiation mchere chabwino, SYMPHOS 2013 - 2na- Yosiyirana mayiko pa luso ndi Technology kwa mankwala Makampani. Procedia Engineering, Vol. 83 PP 122-129, 2014.

[25]J.D. Bittner, IC. Flynn, F.J. Hrach, Anatsegula ntchito youma triboelectric kulekana kwa mchere, Kuthi munthu XXVII Mayiko Maminolo Processing Congress - IMPC 2014, Santiago, Chile, Oct 20 - 24, 2014.