Electrostatic samaminerali of phosphate imikhando: Ukubuyekezwa kwe Umsebenzi Zakudala Ingxoxo ye-Improvised Ngokwahlukana System

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Procedia Ubunginiyela 00 (2015) 000-000

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

3rd International Symposium ku Ukuqamba Nobuchwepheshe Zokukhangisa Embonini phosphate

lokuhlomulisa electrostatic kwe-phosphate imikhando: Buyekeza umsebenzi esedlule

futhi ingxoxo yesistimu ngokwahlukana ngcono

J.D. Bittnera, S.A.Gasiorowskia, F.J.Hracha, H. Guicherdb *

aST Equiment Nobuchwepheshe LLC, Needham, Massachusetts, USA

bST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe LLC, Avignon, France

abstract

Samaminerali kwe-phosphate imikhando ngezinqubo ezomile electrostatic iye yazama ngokokukhetha kwabacwaningi ehlukahlukene kusukela ngawo-1940. Izizathu eziyimbangela zokuthuthukisa izinqubo eyomile phosphate zokutakula lemali elilinganiselwe amanzi kwezinye Ezindaweni ezinesomiso, izindleko flotation chemical, kanye nezindleko yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Nakuba izinqubo electrostatic akumele zinikele alternative ephelele flotation, kungase kungafaneleki ibhekwa kwabanye ukusakaza ezifana ekunciphiseni inhlawulo njengoba / slimes okuqukethwe ore ngaphambi flotation, ukucutshungulwa flotation tailings ukutakula komkhiqizo elahlekile, kanye nokunciphisa imithelela kwezemvelo. Nakuba umsebenzi omningi wawenziwa usebenzisa kokubili okusezingeni eliphezulu ukungezwani roller kanye Freefall separators at izikali laboratory, ubufakazi kuphela ukufakwa commercial iyona cishe 1940 "Johnson" nqubo Pierce Imayini FL; Abukho ubufakazi izincwadi ukusetshenziswa zamanje kwezentengiselwano electrostatics, Nokho isithakazelo esinamandla izinqubo ezomile uyaqhubeka ukuze isetshenziswe ezindaweni ezomile. I imiklamo yocwaningo ahlukahlukene kubika ukugcizelela ukuthi ukulungiselela okuphakelayo (lokushisa, usayizi ngezigaba, conditioning ejenti) abe nomthelela omkhulu ukusebenza. Nakuba abanye abahlukanisayo ezinhle lifinyelelwe ngokususa Silica kusukela phosphate, futhi izibonelo ezimbalwa calcite kanye dolomite kusukela phosphate, imiphumela mancane omuhle uma ukungcola amaningi akhona. umsebenzi Ucwaningo siyaqhubeka eminye zizilungise yalezi zindlela, kodwa ukulinganiselwa ezibalulekile izinhlelo ezivamile electrostatic zihlanganisa ikhono ongaphakeme, isidingo izigaba eziningi ukuthuthukiswa ezanele ore, nezinkinga tekusebenta kubangelwa izinhlawulo. Ezinye zalezi ukulinganiselwa kungenzeka sinqotshwe izinqubo entsha ye electrostatic kuhlanganise isihlukanisi triboelectric ibhande.

© 2015 I Ababhali. Kushicilelwe ngu Elsevier Ltd.

Uhlelo Lokumelana Nokucindezela Ukubuyekeza ngaphansi kungumsebenzi Scientific Committee SYMPHOS 2015.

Amagama angukhiye: phosphate, electrostatic; ngokwahlukana; amaminerali; izinhlayiya emihle; inqubo ezomile

*Umbhali ohambelana: Ucingo: +33-4-8912-0306 E-mail ikheli: guicherdh@steqtech.com

1877-7058 © 2015 I Ababhali. Kushicilelwe ngu Elsevier Ltd.

Uhlelo Lokumelana Nokucindezela Ukubuyekeza ngaphansi umthwalo we Scientific Committee SYMPHOS 2015.

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Ubunginiyela 00 (2015) 000-000

1. umsebenzi Kubikwe ku lokuhlomulisa electrostatic kwe-phosphate imikhando

okuhlushwa phosphate kusukela imikhando zemvelo Sekuyisikhathi eside kwenziwa izindlela ezihlukahlukene usebenzisa amanani ngezinye izikhathi eningi yamanzi. Nokho, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi ngesikhathi phosphate ezifakwa ahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke, kanye nokukhuphula izindleko avumele futhi yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo, kwezomnotho Inqubo ezomile efiselekayo kakhulu.

Izindlela ze-dry ukucutshungulwa electrostatic kwe-phosphate imikhando okuphakanyiswe futhi kubonakala kweyoku izikali ezincane iminyaka engaphezu 70 iminyaka. Nokho, izicelo commercial yalezi zindlela ziye kakhulu kungagcini. I "inqubo Johnson" [1] yasetshenziselwa okudayiswayo kusukela ngo 1938 isikhathi ngesikhathi isitshalo American Agricultural Chemical Inkampani eduze Pierce Florida USA. Le nqubo esetshenziswa uchungechunge eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu roller electrode (Figure 1) ngokuba multi esiteji lokuhlushwa yokutakula phosphate kusukela deslimed washery tailings, flotation oyi-ugxilisa, noma flotation tailings. Kuzoqalwa nge 15.4% P2I5 futhi 57.3% impahla zingaxazululeki kuleli tailings esihle, ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela usayizi ngezigaba, desliming, futhi preconditioning we tailings omisiwe, okokusebenza nge 33.7% P2I5 futhi kuphela 6.2% zingaxazululeki esetholakele. Ngo esinye isibonelo, kokuvuselelwa flotation tailings nge 2.91% P2I5 kuholele umkhiqizo 26.7% P2I5 nge 80% yokutakula. Johnson waphawula ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba baziphathe tailings washery nge chemical reagents okuvame ukusetshenziswa flotation phosphate ukuthola okusezingeni eliphezulu phosphate ebangeni yokutakula. Ukhuluma ngokuqondile ukusebenza lamafutha amafutha kanye okunamafutha acid njengoba reagents.

Figure 1, Johnson inqubo-apharathasi begodu ukugeleza ishidi US Patent 2,135,716 futhi 2,197,865, 1940 [1][2]

Nakuba lokhu kufakwa kwekhomeshini ekhonjiwe kule izincwadi njengoba kokuqala mayelana 1938, akucaci ukuthi ngezinga elikhulu noma isikhathi eside kangakanani le nqubo iye yasetshenziselwa. Kafushane kwakhe isimo abahlukanisayo electrostatic kuze kufinyelele 1961, I. C. Ralston

[3]ubhala ukuthi Johnson separators ezinhlanu ezinkulu efakiwe ukucutshungulwa ngamunye mayelana 10 amathani / hr ka -20 Mesh okuphakelayo. isihlukanisi ngalinye lalisekamelweni 10 Rolls okusezingeni eliphezulu ne voltage laloko 20 kV. Ayikho enye inzuzo ukuziphilisa phosphate concentrators usebenzisa electrostatics base efakwe Florida ngokuvumelana Ralston. Ngokusekelwe incazelo inqubo imishini, ababhali

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baye baphetha ngokuthi amandla jikelele yenqubo kwakuminyene ongaphakeme e maqondana namandla ezinye izinqubo, flotation njengoba ezimanzi ezifana. umthamo okuphansi kanye izindleko iphele netshe okuphakelayo ezimayini ezimanzi eFlorida kungenzeka isizathu nokukhawulela isicelo okwengeziwe yenqubo e-1940 futhi 1950s.

Ngawo-1950 futhi abasebenzi 1960 i-International Minerals & amakhemikhali Corporation (IMC) wahlola isicelo elomile electrostatic ngokwahlukana nezinqubo nokuzuza. Floridi phosphate ore ukucutshungulwa kwaba okunabileko IMC. Umsebenzi IMC ukusetshenziselwa a khulula ukuwa isihlukanisi design ngezinye izikhathi ngento Ukushaja okuthuthukiswa edabula i uvukela noma impactor ezifana okuthile ngesando noma induku isigayo. [4] I-patent okwalandela [5] kufakwe abanye ngcono ngokuhlukana usebenzisa amashaja ngezinto ezahlukene, Nokho lobunikazi yokugcina ochungechungeni

[6]baphetha ngokuthi kuyizinhlayiyana contact ukushaja i lokushisa ephakeme (>70° F) wawuphumelela ukwedlula ukusebenzisa uhlelo ishaja. izibonelo olubonisa Imiphumela kubika kulezi patent kukhonjiswa ku Table 1.

Ithebula 1. Imiphumela Kubikwe International Minerals & amakhemikhali Welungelo Lobunikazi 1955-1965

I-patent ahlukahlukene IMC wahlola ithonya ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana, kuhlanganise ukucutshungulwa sesikrini ukusikeka ahlukahlukene ngokuzimela, Nokho umsebenzi kancane abathintekayo esihle kakhulu (<45 μm) izinhlayiya. Sample conditioning ukuhluka kakhulu, kuhlanganise lokushisa ukulungiswa, ukuwasha pre nokwesula, nezindlela ezahlukene omiswe (omiswe engaqondile, flash omiswe, izibani ukushisa IR ethize wavelength amabanga). ukungcola ezahlukene (i.e. silicates kuqhathaniswa carbonates) kudingeka ukuphatha pretreatment izindlela ezahlukene ukuze nokwandisa ngokuhlukana. Nakuba kusobala kusukela izincazelo patent ukuthi IMC wayezama ukuthuthukisa inqubo yezomnotho, Ukuhlola imibhalo akubonisi ukuthi ukufakwa elinjalo kunazo zonke ezake zakhiwa futhi eziqhutshwa obatholakala endaweni IMC.

Ngawo-1960 umsebenzi ngqo ku carbonate equkethe phosphate imikhando kusukela North Carolina wawenziwa ngesikhathi Laboratory North Carolina State University Minerals Ucwaningo, [9] Ukusebenzisa i-laboratory isikali Freefall isihlukanisi kanye ingxube zokwenziwa of phansi igobolondo carbonate phosphate flotation itshana CONCENTRATE ngesayizi iwumngcingo ububanzi (-20ukuze +48 Mesh), ucwaningo lwabonisa ukuthi preconditioning okokusebenza nge acid khuhla noma ama-fatty acid bathonya icala eyisihlobo phosphate njengoba kungaba kuhle noma kube kubi. Ngokulinganiswa abahlukanisayo abukhali eyatholakala. Nokho, uma usebenzisa i-ore yemvelo eziqukethe isamba esikhulu izinhlawulo, abahlukanisayo abampofu kuphela kungenzeka. The best ngokwahlukana kubika kusuka ezisalayo kusukela flotation ngcono nge-P kokuqala2I5 lokuhlushwa 8.2% walulama umkhiqizo 22.1% P2I5. Akekho okubikwe ukuthi ezingeni yokuthola. Kuyaphawuleka, ubunzima kubika kwaba Ukwakha-up inhlawulo phezu electrode isihlukanisi.

umsebenzi engeziwe ku ngokwahlukana electrostatic yaseNyakatho Carolina phosphate usebenzisa ukungezwani okusezingeni eliphezulu roller uhlobo isihlukanisi

[10]baphetha ngokuthi ngenkathi ukwehlukana phosphate futhi asebenza ngebhethri kwakunokwenzeka, omiswe izindleko kwaba ezimba. Nokho, kulokho calcined phosphate imikhando eyomile, abacwaningi basikisela ukuthi ngokwahlukana electrostatic ka imikhando ezinjalo kungenzeka. Ukwehlukanisa phosphate calcined yayihlupheka emsebenzini libike. Ukwahlukana uvele ihlobene ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana kunokuba Ukwakheka. Ukuthuthukiswa eziphakanyisiwe yayihlanganisa nokusebenzisa nezinye electrostatic ngokwahlukana izinhlelo, reagents ukuthuthukisa kuyizinhlayiyana ukushaja izici futhi sisondelene kakhulu esibukweni Sizing materials. Abukho ubufakazi ukuthi iyiphi umsebenzi ozolandela wawenziwa kulo msebenzi.

Ngandlela-thile umsebenzi ngaphambili esebenzisa imisindo ephakeme-ukungezwani roller separators [11] ngempumelelo isuswe aluminium nensimbi compounds kusukela run-of-mine isuka Florida. I-ore asha, ochotshoziwe, futhi nendawo ngokucophelela ngaphambi ngokuhlukana. I-P2I5 okuhlushwa Kwandiswa encane kusuka 30.1% ukuze 30.6% kodwa kokususwa Al futhi Fe compounds amandla yokutakula ngcono kakhulu okwalandela by izindlela flotation. Lo msebenzi kuboniswa ukusetshenziswa i isihlukanisi electrostatic ukubhekana nenkinga nge nsimbi ethize kungagcini ukucutshungulwa ezimanzi ezivamile.

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Kanye uphenyo ukwehlukana ezinye izinto eziningi, Ciccu futhi osebenza ihlolwe ukwehlukana ezihlukahlukene phosphate imikhando kuhlanganise imithombo ukusuka India, Algeria, Tunisia, futhi Angola. [12] ngokuhlukana electrostatic kwaba nesithakazelo esikhundleni flotation ngokwezimiso kwezomnotho ngenxa yokuthi ezifakwa enkulu phosphate zitholakala ezindaweni ezomile. [13] Ukusebenzisa laboratory ukuziphilisa mahhala ukuwa separators nge "turbocharger", lezi abacwaningi bakwazi ukudamane bethola ngokwahlukana Imiphumela efana flotation izinqubo kusuka imikhando nge elula gangue izingoma. Ngokucacile, bathola ukuthi phosphate icala omuhle ebukhoneni Silica, kodwa omubi ebukhoneni calcite. Nokho, uma i-ore equkethwe amanani abalulekile kokubili Silica kanye carbonate, ukwehlukana electrostatic wayempofu futhi flotation izinqubo wazibonakalisa enetjhuguluko ukuthola abahlukanisayo esisebenzayo. Kusukela izifundo imiphumela turbocharger ku ukushaja izinhlayiya ngabanye, lezi abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi impahla gangue icala ngokuyinhloko kuyizinhlayiyana-kuyizinhlayiyana contact kunokuba ukuxhumana evele turbocharger. [13] [14] Ukushaja wayebuye iyashesha ukuzwela uma izinga lokushisa impahla, ngokuhlukaniselwa ezinhle itholakala kuphela ngenhla 100 ° C. Ngaphezu kwalokho, khona ukwaziswa okuhle kwabangela izinkinga esikhathini isihlukanisi nemiphumela emihle zincike Sizing ngokucophelela izinhlayiya ngobukhulu bebathathu ububanzi ngaphambi ngokuhlukana. Isifinyezo imiphumela kuleli qembu uvezwa Ithebula 2. Ayikho ngokugcwele- izicelo isikali kubonakala sengathi lwenteke esekelwe kulo msebenzi.

Ithebula 2. Imiphumela Kubikwe kusukela Ciccu, futhi. al. kusukela elabhorethri ukuziphilisa mahhala ukuwa separators

ngokuhlukana electrostatic i-ore waseGibhithe wahlolwa Hammoud, et al. usebenzisa i-laboratory ukuziphilisa mahhala ukuwa isihlukanisi. [15] I-ore esetshenziswa equkethwe ngokuyinhloko Silica nezinye zingaxazululeki nge P kokuqala2I5 lokuhlushwa 27.5%. Umkhiqizo walulama waba P2I5 lokuhlushwa 33% nge 71.5% yokutakula.

Ucwaningo olwengeziwe i-ore yaseGibhithe gangue ngokuyinhloko siliceous kwenziwe yi Abouzeid, et al. usebenzisa isihlukanisi laboratory roller. [16] Abacwaningi bafuna ngokuqondile ukuhlonza amasu elomile ukuba zilalelisise futhi / noma dedust phosphate imikhando ezifundeni kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi kungezinye. Lolu cwaningo etholwe umkhiqizo nge 30% P2I5 kusuka impahla okuphakelayo 18.2 % P2I5 nge nokuvulwa 76.3 % ngemva Sizing ngokucophelela impahla ngetinhlobo letibanti ewumngcingo phakathi 0.20 mm 0.09 mm.

In isihloko Ukubuyekeza okwalandela esehlanganise uhla eligcwele lokuhlomulisa izinqubo ukutakula phosphate, Abouzeid libike ukuthi ngesikhathi amasu ngokwahlukana electrostatic bakwazi Ukuthuthukiswa phosphate imikhando ngokususa Silica futhi carbonates, amandla eliphansi separators etholakalayo kungagcini ukusetshenziswa kwabo kokukhiqiza ngenhloso. [17]

ngokuhlukana electrostatic of Florida imikhando wahlolwa muva ngo Stencel futhi Jian usebenzisa i-laboratory ukugeleza-Thru khulula- ukuwa isihlukanisi. [18] Injongo kwaba ukuhlonza enye noma zokwenezela ukucutshungulwa uhlelo eside esetshenziswa flotation izinhlelo kusukela flotation ayikwazanga ukusebenziswa impahla engaphansi kuka 105 μm. Lokhu kwaziswa okuhle wayemane landfilled, okubangela ukulahleka esicishe 30% ka-phosphate ekuqaleni misela. Bona wavivinya deslimed ore engahluziwe, esihle flotation okuphakelayo, rougher flotation CONCENTRATE, futhi flotation yokugcina ugxilisa eyatholakala kusukela izitshalo ezimbili ukucutshungulwa eFlorida ngesikhathi okuphakelayo amazinga kuze kufinyelele 14 kg / ihora in a isihlukanisi lab isikali. Okuhle ngokwahlukana Imiphumela ezibikiwe ne flotation okuphakelayo esihle (+0.1 mm; ~ 12% P2I5) komunye umthombo lapho ithuthukiselwe 21-23% P2I5 e maqembu amabili wawusuka khona kanye 81- 87% P2I5 yokutakula ngokulahla Silica ngokuyinhloko zingaxazululeki. Kwatholakala imiphumela efanayo siyithola lapho tribocharging okuphakelayo usebenzisa noma womoya Ukudlulisa tube noma ujikelezisa tribo-ishaja.

Ucwaningo asanda kubika ku ukuhlukaniswa electrostatic kwe-phosphate imikhando ababehilelekile izinhlelo yakhelwe nokwandisa kangcono ukukhokhiswa izinto ngaphambi isingeniso yamahhala ukuwa isihlukanisi, Tao Al-Hwaiti [19] ezikhonjwe ukuthi kwakungekho ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano electrostatics ngoba lokuhlomulisa phosphate ngenxa izinhlelo ongaphakeme

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throughput, kahle ongaphakeme kanye nesidingo ukusebenza ngento ewumngcingo usayizi kukaMoya. Laba bacwaningi wafuna ngokukhethekile ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba ongaphakeme kuyizinhlayiyana ophethe ukuminyana elihlobene ne izinhlelo sincike kuyizinhlayiyana ukuze kuyizinhlayiyana naye noma iba nethonya elikhulu ukushaja uhlelo elula. Ukusebenza nge nsimbi Jordan ne ngokuyinhloko Silica gangue, okokusetshenziswa sichotshozwe -1.53 mm ngokucophelela unqabile ukususa impahla ngezansi 0.045 mm. A abancane laboratory ukuwa isihlukanisi ofakelwe nge esanda yakhelwe ishaja ujikelezisa yakhelwe nge isilinda umile futhi isigubhu ligijima, noma ishaja, futhi isikhala annular phakathi. Sangaphandle ugesi yasetshenziselwa ufake ezingaba kagesi phakathi sigubhu okusheshayo ligijima futhi uMbhalo umile. Ngemva ukushaja by ukuxhumana sigubhu ligijima, badlulele ezivamile ukuwa isihlukanisi izinhlayiya. Ukusebenza 100 igremu usayizi batch futhi eziqala okuphakelayo unqabile P2I5 okuqukethwe 23.8%, ngemva maqembu amabili wawusuka khona a CONCENTRATE nabantu abafika ku 32.11% P2I5 esetholakele, Nokho kuphela nge yokutakula isiyonke 29%.

Bezama beneficiate phosphate izinhlawulo (< 0.1 mm), Bada et al. zasebenzisa khulula ukuwa isihlukanisi nge ligijima ukushaja uhlelo sifana nsé nesabantu ka Tao sika.[20]. Indaba kokuqala kwaba kusuka CONCENTRATE flotation equkethe izinhlawulo nge P2I5 ka 28.5%. A umkhiqizo 34.2% P2I5 esetholakele kodwa futhi nge ongaphakeme yokutakula ngesilinganiso 33.4%.

Lokhu "rotary triboelectrostatic ukuwa isihlukanisi" kwaphinde isetshenziswa kokuzuza owomileyo ube yiziphethu phosphate ngu Sobhy kanye Tao. [21] Ukusebenza nge ochotshoziwe dolomitic phosphate itshana waseFlorida nge ubanzi kakhulu ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana ububanzi (1.25 mm – <0.010 mm), a CONCENTRATE phosphate 1.8% MgO futhi 47% P2I5 yokutakula lalikhishwa okuphakelayo eziqala cishe 23% P2I5 futhi 2.3% MgO. Imiphumela elikhulu kudivayisi lab isikali kufezekiswe lapho ondla 9 kg / hr - 3kV isetshenziswa ishaja rotary. Kubikwa ukuthi kahle ngokuhlukana ukuba engavimba kokubili wenkululeko abampofu of material izinhlayiya ezinkulu nokugxambukela ezahlukene kuyizinhlayiyana osayizi ekamelweni ngokwahlukana.

imiphumela engcono kufezekiswe uma sicubungula a flotation okuphakelayo isampula ne iyincane kuyizinhlayiyana Usayizi ukusatshalaliswa 1 ukuze 0.1 mm. Ngomqondo P kokuqala2I5 okuqukethwe cishe 10%, namasampula omkhiqizo Kwatholakala cishe 25% P2I5 okuqukethwe, P2I5 nokuvulwa 90%, kanye nokwenqatshwa 85% we asebenza ngebhethri. Lokhu kahle wabonisa Kwaphawulwa njengoba ingcono kakhulu ukuthi etholwe nge isihlukanisi ukuwa nge ezivamile ukushaja uhlelo njengoba esetshenziswa Stencel [18] obonisa ngokunenzuzo esanda yakhelwe ishaja rotary. Icubungula a CONCENTRATE flotation equkethe 31.7% P2I5 kuholele umkhiqizo mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 35% P2I5 nge nokuvulwa 82%. Lokhu ukwenziwa ngcono Kwaphawulwa kunalezi okwabangelwa flotation.

Lokhu laboratory isikali isihlukanisi nge ububanzi ngokwahlukana simiso 7.5 cm wayechazwa ngokuthi kokuba namandla 25 kg / ihora, okulingana 1/3 tonne / hr / imitha ububanzi. Nokho, imiphumela kubika feed izinga ku ngokwahlukana kahle wabonisa ukuthi abahlukanisayo elilungile eyatholakala ngesikhathi kuphela 9 kg / ihora noma kancane phezu eyodwa amandla okuzisholo kohlelo.

Kukonke, umsebenzi langaphambilini ku ngcono electrostatic kwe-phosphate imikhando kunqunyelwe yi ukushaja eyisihlobo gangue eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nethonya elilimazayo ka kuyizinhlayiyana Usayizi imiphumela, ngokuqondene, umphumela izinhlawulo. Iningi umsebenzi owawuhilelekile laboratory imishini esikalini kuphela uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi yezomnotho, ngokuqhubekayo imishini eziqhutshwa angahle kulesinye sikhatsi asetjentiswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, the amakhono eliphansi etholakalayo electrostatic inqubo imishini sewenze izinhlelo commercial uneconomical.

2. Ukulinganiselwa ezivamile electrostatic ngokwahlukana izinqubo

ukungezwani High roller electrostatic ngokwahlukana izinhlelo njengoba esetshenziswa Groppo [10] futhi Kouloheris et al. [11] ezisetshenziswa for ngcono ezihlukahlukene izinto lapho eyodwa ingxenye kuyinto conductive ngaphezu kwabanye. Kulezi izinqubo, okokusebenza kufanele uthintane isigubhu lusekelwe noma ipuleti ngokuvamile ngemva izinhlayiya ezibonakalayo omubi icala i ionizing corona osenyameni. izinto conductive uzolahlekelwa ababaphathisiwe ngokushesha futhi uphonswe kusukela isigubhu. Ukungatholakali- impahla conductive uyaqhubeka ukuba ukhangwe sigubhu njengoba icala kuyophela kancane futhi kuyokwehlela noma ukunganakwa kusukela sigubhu emva ngokuhlukana kusukela impahla kokuqhuba.

Lo mdwebo olandelayo (Figure 2) utjengisa ukukhambelana izici eziyinhloko lolu hlobo isihlukanisi. Lezi zinqubo

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kungagcini ngokwesikhundla ngenxa contact edingekayo zonke kuyizinhlayiyana kuya tigubhu nobe ipuleti. Bheka ukuphumelela kwalezi separators sigubhu roll nazo kungagcini zesandulela mayelana 0.1mm noma ngaphezulu ngobukhulu ngenxa kokubili isidingo uxhumane ipuleti nisekeliwe edingekayo kuyizinhlayiyana ukugeleza Dynamics. Izinhlayiyana letingemasayizi lahlukene uyophinde ube ezahlukene ukugeleza Dynamics ngenxa imiphumela inertial futhi ngeke ekuhlaleni ngokwahlukana okonakele.

Figure 2: Drum isihlukanisi electrostatic (Umdala futhi Yan, 2003 [22]

I kungagcini lokusebenza luzame phosphate lokuhlomulisa kungenxa isimo sokungakhethi kwesikhwama conductive kokubili phosphate futhi ejwayelekile gangue impahla. Kouloheris waphawula ngokuyinhloko ezinye ukususwa yensimbi kanye ne-aluminium equkethe izinhlayiya ukuthi, ngenxa kwesimo sabo conductive, "siphonswa" kusukela roller. EBukhoneni lolu hlobo of material imikhando phosphate akuyona ovamile. Groppo kuqashelwe ukuthi impahla okwakuwukuphela "okuphiniwe" kuya roller njengendlela "non-umqhubi" babe izinhlawulo, kukhombisa ukuhlukaniswa by ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana kunokuba Ukwakheka impahla. [9] Nge kungenzeka okuhlukile ezingavamile, imikhando phosphate akuzona amenable ukuba lokuhlomulisa bunezimpawu okusezingeni eliphezulu roller separators.

Drum roller separators tiphindze iyasetshenziswa ukucupha ancike ukushaja triboelectric izinhlayiya kunokuba Ukushaja esibangelwa ionization esibangelwa inkambu ephezulu ukungezwani. Isithombe esisodwa noma ngaphezulu electrode ngehla isigubhu, ezifana "static" electrode kuboniswe ePhuzwini 2, zisetshenziswa ukuthi "lift" izinhlayiya kwenkokhiso okuphambene ebusweni isigubhu. uhlelo ezinjalo wasetshenziswa Abouzeid, et al. [16] eyathola ukuthi ngokwahlukana kahle lashintshwa kuncike polarity futhi isicelo zinamandla we electrode static. I Johnson Process [1] wasebenzisa enye futhi ukushintshashintsha a isihlukanisi sigubhu roller. Nokho, amandla elinganiselwe kanye nokwethulwa ngokuyiko kwezinhlelo roller uhlelo olulodwa kuholela izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezifana kuboniswe ePhuzwini 1. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kubonakala sengathi Lesi silwane esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokungasebenzi ngendlela kulele jikelele yenqubo ikhinyabezwa uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza.

abahlukanisayo Triboelectrostatic ayigcini ukwehlukana conductive / izinto ezingekho conductive kodwa kuxhomeke mkhuba ukudluliswa icala ngokuthintana kokukhuhlana materials nge ezihluke ebusweni yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa iye yasetshenziswa "ukuwa" ngokwahlukana izinqubo amashumi eminyaka. inqubo enjalo kuboniswa Figure 3. Izingxenye ingxube izinhlayiya kuqala ukuthuthukisa amacala ehlukene ngokuthintana noma ngenhloso ngaphandle kwensimbi, njengokungathi tribo-ishaja, noma kuyizinhlayiyana ukuze kuyizinhlayiyana contact, njengokungathi fluidized kudivayisi embhedeni yokudla. Njengoba izinhlayiya iwe ngokusebenzisa

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Ubunginiyela 00 (2015) 000-000

emkhakheni kagesi ezonini electrode, trajectory kuyizinhlayiyana ngalinye baphambukile bubheke electrode kwenkokhiso okuphambene. Ngemva ibanga elithile, iqoqo imigqomo baqashwe ukuhlukanisa ukusakaza. ukufaka ejwayelekile zidinga isihlukanisi izigaba eziningi bavuselele we ingxenyenamba middling. Amanye amadivayisi zisebenzisa nohide igesi ukusiza Ukudlulisa izinhlayiya ngokusebenzisa zone electrode.

Figure 5: "Ukuwa Mahhala" triboelectrostatic isihlukanisi

Kunokuba kuye kuphela kuyizinhlayiyana ukuze kuyizinhlayiyana contact ntombazane ukudluliswa icala, izinhlelo eziningi lolu hlobo sebenzisa "ishaja" kwesigaba sakhiwa impahla ekhethiwe noma ngaphandle voltage isicelo ukuthuthukisa kuyizinhlayiyana ukushaja. Ngawo-1950, Lawver uphenyo isebenzisa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene kuhlanganise isigayo isando nenduku isigayo ashona impahla phakathi ngokwahlukana izigaba [4] kanye elula ipuleti amashaja materials ahlukahlukene. [5] [6] Nokho, Lawver baphetha ngokuthi lokushisa impahla bekungelegolide luba ukubaluleka kanye nezinhlayiya-kuyizinhlayiyana icala ukudluliswa ngenhla ezingeni lokushisa elifanele enikeziwe imiphumela engcono ukwedlula ukusetshenziswa ishaja. Lounge et al. [12] uphenyo degree eyisihlobo ukudluliswa icala futhi waphetha ngokuthi ezincane gangue impahla atholwe icala ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa kuyizinhlayiyana-kuyizinhlayiyana contact ngenxa ematfuba eliphansi umthelela imvamisa ipuleti ishaja. Lokhu kubonisa imincele ukuba ukusetshenziswa ishaja izinhlelo: zonke izinhlayiya kumele uxhumane ebusweni ishaja ngakho izinga feed kumele kube kuqondile ongaphakeme. Imininingwane kungenziwa ngcono ngoku usebenzisa izimo zeziyaluyalu ukudlulisa yezinto ezibonakalayo noma izikhundla ngokusebenzisa surface area ezinkulu ezinyakazayo ishaja. Umsebenzi kwakamuva kwe Tao [19] futhi Bada [20] futhi Sobhy [21] sebenzisa eziklanyelwe ujikelezisa ishaja voltage osetshenziswayo kodwa kodwa ngezinga laboratory isihlukanisi encane kakhulu. Nakuba lokhu ishaja Idizayini ethuthukisiwe esiye ukuba ngcono izinhlelo amadala, wabonisa ukucutshungulwa lokwenelisa lezi zinhlelo namanje ngempela ongaphakeme. [21]

Lolu hlobo khulula ukuwa isihlukanisi Ubuye zihibe ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana leyo nto zingahlungwa. Ukugeleza ngaphakathi zone electrode kumele alawulwe ukunciphisa omawala ukugwema "smearing" lokwehlukaniswa. I trajectory izinhlayiya emihle kakhulu okwenzeka omawala kusukela sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza hudula amabutho izinhlayiya emihle emikhulu kakhulu ukwedlula amandla adonsela phansi futhi electrostatic. Le nkinga zinganqotshwa ngezinga elithile uma impahla kanye kuqhathaniswa emincane ubukhulu kuyizinhlayiyana ububanzi icutshungulwe. Okunengi ucwaningo okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla kuhlanganisiwe zangaphambi Ukuhlolwa impahla ku ezahlukene usayizi amabanga ukuze nokwandisa ngokuhlukana. [5] [6] [7] [9] [12] [14] [16] [19] [20] [21] I

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Ubunginiyela 00 (2015) 000-000

umehluko 8 ukuze 20 kV. ibhande, eyenziwe ngepulasitiki-non-kokuqhuba, kuyinto anezikhala enkulu nge mayelana 60% endaweni evulekile. I izinhlayiya izophela kalula ngokusebenzisa emigodini ibhande. Lapho engena igebe phakathi electrode izinhlayiya omubi icala bakhangwa yi kagesi amabutho field kuya electrode omuhle phansi. I izinhlayiya kahle icala badonseleka omubi icala electrode phezulu. Ijubane lale okuqhubekayo iluphu ibhande kuyinto variable kusuka 4 ukuze 20m / s. I-geometry we imicu cross-isiqondiso ukhonza wayofika izinhlayiya off the electrode kubenze ngasekupheleni kahle isihlukanisi futhi emuva zingene okusezingeni eliphezulu phuca zone phakathi izingxenye oppositely ezihambayo ibhande. Ngoba kwabantu inombolo kuyizinhlayiyana kuphezulu ngakho ngaphakathi igebe phakathi electrode (cishe oyedwa- wesithathu ivolumu kuhlala izinhlayiya) futhi ukugeleza is ngamandla ukuyaluza, kukhona ukushayisana abaningi phakathi izinhlayiya kanye ukushaja elilungile kwenzeka njalo kulo lonke indawo ngokuhlukana. Ukugeleza esiphikisayo zamanje esibangelwa ibhande izigaba oppositely ezihambayo kabusha ukushaja okuqhubekayo kabusha ngokwahlukana kudala esiphikisayo zamanje ngokwahlukana multistage kungakapheli ama-apharathasi olulodwa. Lokhu ukushaja okuqhubekayo kanye lingatshajwa izinhlayiya ngaphakathi isihlukanisi aqede noma yikuphi "ishaja" uhlelo edingekayo ngaphambi ethula ezibonakalayo isihlukanisi, ngaleyo ndlela lisuse imincele sina ikhono nezinye separators electrostatic. Okuphuma lokhu isihlukanisi kuyinto ukusakaza ezimbili, a CONCENTRATE kanye ezisalayo, ngaphandle ekusakazeni middlings. Ukusebenza kahle lokhu isihlukanisi esiye lufana cishe ezintathu izigaba ukuwa ngokwahlukana nge middlings kabusha.

Mineral A Ukuphela

Figure 7: Kubaluleka STET Belt Isihlukanisi

Ephumelelayo kakhul ukwehlukana izinhlayiya esingaphansi 0.5 mm kwenza le inketho ekahle futhi kungase kutholakale for ukwehlukana izinhlawulo (uthuli) emthonjeni owomile ukugaya operation umanyolo. I isihlukanisi STET bakwazi ukucubungula anhlobonhlobo kuyizinhlayiyana osayizi kahle ngaphandle kwesidingo ngezigaba ku ewumngcingo usayizi amabanga. Ngenxa sokuyaluza eyingqabavu, high rate phuca phakathi amabhande ezihambayo, kanye nekhono lokusingatha izinhlayiya emihle kakhulu (<0.001 mm) the isihlukanisi ST angase zisebenzile uhlukanisa phosphate ore slimes lapho nezinye separators electrostatic zehlulekile.

3.1 Capital opharetha Izindleko

Ucwaningo izindleko ngokuqhathanisa eyalwa STET futhi olwenziwa Soutex Inc. [25] Soutex kuyinto Quebec Canada yenkampani ubunjiniyela anolwazi kokubili flotation elina electrostatic inqubo ngokuhlukana kokuhlaziywa kanye nomklamo. Lolu cwaningo kuqhathaniswa dolobha yokusebenza yezindleko triboelectrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana inqubo ezivamile froth flotation kokuzuza ephansi-grade barite ore. Izindleko zokusebenzisa abangu kulinganiselwa ukufaka yokusebenza zabasebenzi, yesondlo, amandla (kagesi nophethiloli), futhi okudlekayo (isb, chemical reagent izindleko flotation). Izindleko okokufaka zazisekelwe amagugu ejwayelekile isitshalo yezinto etholakala eduze Battle Intaba, Nevada USA. Imali ephelele yale ubunikazi engaphezu kweyishumi yabalelwa kusukela enhlokodolobha kanye namasistimu okusebenza izindleko ngokunakekela imithwalo i

J.D. Bittner a al./ Procedia Ubunginiyela 00 (2015) 000-000

8% izinga Isaphulelo. Imiphumela ukuqhathanisa izindleko abakhona njengoba amaphesenti isihlobo kuThebula 3. Ithebula 3. Izindleko Ukuqhathanisa I-Barite Icubungula

Inani lokuthenga izindleko imishini dolobha ngenxa triboelectrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana nqubo kancane esingaphansi ngoba flotation. Nokho lapho emikhulu yentuthuko ehlinzekelwe Imininingwane ibalwa ukufaka ukufakwa imishini, piping kagesi kanye nezindleko, kanye nenqubo yokwakha izindleko, umehluko mkhulu. Inani dolobha izindleko triboelectrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana nqubo 63.2% yezindleko inqubo flotation. Izindleko aphansi ngenqubo ezomile kubangelwa lula ukugeleza ishidi. Izindleko zokusebenzisa ukuze triboelectrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana nqubo 75.5% yenqubo flotation ngenxa ikakhulukazi aphansi nezidingo abasebenzi yokusebenza aphansi amandla ukusetshenziswa.

Imali ephelele yale ubunikazi triboelectrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana nqubo ngokuphawulekayo esingaphansi ngoba flotation. Umbhali cwaningo, Soutex Inc., baphetha ngokuthi triboelectrostatic ibhande ngokwahlukana inqubo linikeza izinzuzo asobala CAPEX, Opex, elinganayo futhi engeyona inkimbinkimbi tekusebenta.

4. Okufingqiwe

Nakuba kokuzuza phosphate imikhando ngezinqubo ezomile electrostatic iye yazama ngokokukhetha kwabacwaningi ehlukahlukene kusukela ngawo-1940 kuye kwaba kakhulu umkhawulo ukusetshenziswa izinqubo enjalo ngezinga elingaphezu kwalokho commercial. Impumelelo elinganiselwe ubelokhu ngenxa ezahlukahlukene ezibangelwa isihlukanisi izinhlelo imiklamo kanye yinkimbinkimbi imikhando.

ukulungiselela Okuphakelayo (lokushisa, usayizi ngezigaba, conditioning ejenti) has nomthelela omkhulu ukusebenza kwezimiso ngokuhlukana. Amathuba umsebenzi okunye kule ndawo, ikakhulukazi ukuhlola amakhemikhali conditioning ejenti ukuthuthukisa ukushaja umehluko izinhlayiya ukunika amandla benta kahle kakhulu kuyo ngokwahlukana okwalandela. Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo ejenti icala-ukulungisa kungaholela eziqhubekayo ongaphumelela beneficiate imikhando nge eziyinkimbinkimbi gangue impahla, kubandakanya kokubili silicates futhi carbonates.

Nakuba umsebenzi uyaqhubeka eminye zizilungise yalezi zindlela, ukulinganiselwa ezibalulekile izinhlelo ezivamile electrostatic zihlanganisa umthamo, loludzingekako ngoba izigaba eziningi ukuthuthukiswa ezanele ore, nezinkinga tekusebenta kubangelwa izinhlawulo. Ukuze izicelo commercial ukuziphilisa iphila amathekhiniki laboratory wabonisa, Ukuthuthukiswa abalulekile kumele kwenziwe ukuze siqinisekise okuthembekile, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo ngaphandle nokucekelwa ukusebenza kahle.

I isihlukanisi STET triboelectric inikeza nekuhanjiswa umkhakha liyindlela beneficiate izinto enhle kodwa ubuchwepheshe ezomile ngokuphelele. Inqubo imvelo ongaqeda ukucutshungulwa elina omiswe okwakufuneka kuma impahla lokugcina. Inqubo STET usebenza umthamo high - kuze kufinyelele 40 amathani ngehora ngu umshini compact. I isihlukanisi STET bakwazi ukucubungula anhlobonhlobo kuyizinhlayiyana osayizi kahle ngaphandle kwesidingo ngezigaba ku ewumngcingo usayizi amabanga. Ngenxa sokuyaluza eyingqabavu, high rate phuca phakathi amabhande ezihambayo, kanye nekhono lokusingatha izinhlayiya emihle kakhulu (<0.001 mm) the isihlukanisi STET angase zisebenzile uhlukanisa slimes kusukela imikhando phosphate lapho nezinye separators electrostatic zehlulekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi iphansi, cishe 1-2 kWh / amathani indaba kusetshenzwe. Njengoba ekushayweni kuphela bezikhali nqubo uthuli, evumela uqobo lula.

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