Amathuba ST Technologies Inxanxathela ku Fly Ash

abstract

ST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe LLC (STET) bekulokhu ezisebenza impukane commercial umlotha lokuhlomulisa izinhlelo kusukela 1995. electrostatic lokuhlomulisa ubuchwepheshe STET kunciphisa okuqukethwe carbon kwamalahle impukane umlotha, esikhiqiza okuhlangene, ongaphakeme-carbon umlotha ukusetshenziswa njengendlela esikhundleni usimende. Fly umlotha nge amazinga carbon > 25% ziye zasetshenziswa ukuba proza umlotha nge elawulwa carbon ezingeni 2 ± 0.5%. I-carbon umkhiqizo ocebile is kanyekanye ekhiqizwa sokutakula Inani uphethiloli we-carbon.

iphrojekthi STET olusha olwakhiwayo lwemikhumbi ePoland okubandakanya ezimanzi- kuya-eyomile umlotha iqoqo ukuguqulwa kanye isihlukanisi STET carbon eyalwa ngempumelelo ngoMeyi 2010.

1.QUALITY nokukhawulela ukhonkolo ATHOLAKALAYO LIBAngA FLY ASH

Ezinhlotsheni ezingaba ngu- 70 amathani ayizigidi ezingu-fly umlotha elakhiwe unyaka ngamunye US izitshalo zikagesi ezisebenza ngamalahle ngamalahle, mayelana kuphela 14 amathani million asetshenziswa esikhundleni usimende ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo. Ingxenye enkulu yale ndawo sinqatshiwe impukane umlotha lungahlangabezani Ukucaciswa zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba ukuze isetshenziswe ukhonkolo. Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane kwenzeka e-Europe. Nakuba enye yale umlotha off-izinga iyasetshenziswa njengoba kwesakhiwo yokugcwalisa impahla noma kulokunye ongaphakeme-value, okuningi zikuthola omane ulahlwa landfills noma udoti amachibi.

Isamba ngokweqile carbon unburned e impukane umlotha inkinga ezivamile. I-American Association of State Highway no Ezokuthutha Izikhulu (Aas ः ukuze) futhi European Amazinga (EN 450 Isigaba A) adinga ukuthi inani carbon unburned e impukane umlotha, kukalwa ukulahlekelwa ku ukuthungela (UMTHETHO) singadluli 5% ngesisindo. Nokho, kusukela maphakathi nawo-1990, ukufakwa igunyazwe Nox imishini ukulawula izitshalo zikagesi ezisebenza ngamalahle wadubula anda carbon (UMTHETHO) okuqukethwe okukhuthazwa ngaphambilini izothandwa impukane umlotha. izidingo ephakeme ukunciphisa Nox nezinye kwekhabhoni amandla plant okuye kwaholela ukungcoliswa impukane umlotha i-ammonia. Ngenxa yalokho, kuyilapho ukuqonda izinzuzo usebenzisa impukane umlotha ukhonkolo liyaqhubeka landa, ukutholakala izinga efanelekayo impukane umlotha lehla. Izinqubo ukuze kwezomnotho beneficiate off-izinga fly ash kukhona kanjalo futhi okwandayo isithakazelo emandleni nokhonkolo izimboni. Ukwahlukana Technologies oye waphayona izinqubo ezinjalo kokubili carbon kanye ammonia ukususwa kusuka impukane umlotha.

2.ST imishini & TECHNOLOGY LLC TECHNOLOGY ISENDLALELO

2.1. Fly Ash Carbon Ngokwahlukana

Esikhathini isihlukanisi STET carbon (Figure 1), impahla kufakwa igebe mncane phakathi electrode ezimbili okuhambisana Planar. Izinhlayiya triboelectrically icala by interparticle contact. Ukuhlolwa kwe-carbon kahle icala kanye nokumbiwa omubi icala bakhangwa electrode okuphambene. Izinhlayiya ke sikhukhuleke ngumuntu okuqhubekayo ezihambayo ibhande abavezwa oluyi. Ibhande ushukumisela izinhlayiya ezakhelene electrode ngamunye ngase imikhawulo okuphambene isihlukanisi. I ngesivinini ibhande Lisenza throughputs eliphezulu kakhulu, kuya ku 40 amathani ngehora kwi isihlukanisi olulodwa. Igebe encane, high voltage ensimini, bali ukugeleza zamanje, eyingqabavu kuyizinhlayiyana-kuyizinhlayiyana ukuyaluza nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano yokuhlanza isenzo ibhande phezu electrode izici abagxeka isihlukanisi STET. Ngokulawula inqubo nemingcele ahlukahlukene, ezifana speed ibhande, feed iphuzu, kanye feed izinga, inqubo STET ukhiqiza ongaphakeme Loi impukane umlotha at okuqukethwe carbon esingaphansi 3.5% kulokho okuphakelayo impukane umlotha ezisukela ku-Loi 5% ukuze phezu 25%.

Fig. 1. ST Isihlukanisi

Umklamo isihlukanisi lilula futhi icwecwe. Umshini yakhelwe ukucubungula 40 amathani ngehora cishe 9 m (30 ft.) eside, 1.5 m (5 ft.) ububanzi, futhi 2.75 m (9 ft.) okusezingeni eliphezulu. I ibhande ezinamasondo eziphathelene izingxenye ezinyakazayo kuphela. I electrode kukhona umile futhi yakhiwa i material onensika ngokufanele plastic. Ibhande eyenziwe ngepulasitiki. I isihlukanisi sika amandla ukusetshenziswa ingezansi 1 -Hora kilowatt tonne of indaba kusetshenzwe iningi amandla sokudliwa izinjini ezimbili ukushayela ibhande ngayinye.

Inqubo esomile ngokuphelele, aludingi izinto ezengeziwe ngaphandle impukane umlotha futhi ukhiqiza akukho amanzi angcolile noma umoya kwekhabhoni. Izinto walulama aqukethe impukane umlotha kwehliswa carbon okuqukethwe emazingeni ezifanele ukusetshenziswa njengendlela admixture pozzolanic ukhonkolo, kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu carbon ingxenyenamba ewusizo njengoba uphethiloli. Ukusetshenziswa kokubili ukusakaza umkhiqizo ihlinzeka 100% isixazululo ukundiza izinkinga umlotha.

2.2. Itholiwe fuel Inani ephezulu carbon impukane umlotha

Ngaphezu ongaphakeme carbon umkhiqizo, brand okuthiwa ProAsh® , ukusetshenziswa ukhonkolo, the STET ngokwahlukana inqubo futhi uyalulama ngenye okulahlwayo carbon unburned efomini carbon-ocebile impukane umlotha, EcoTherm uphawu™ . EcoTherm™ onezici eziphawulekayo fuel value futhi kalula phinda kagesi amandla plant usebenzisa EcoTherm STET™ Buyela uhlelo ukunciphisa ilahle asetjenziswa isitshalo. lapho EcoTherm™ uyaphakama e kubhayela Umbuso, amandla omlilo is kuguquka umfutho ophakeme / eliphezulu lokushisa umusi bese ugesi ngesikhathi kahle efanayo amalahle, ngokuvamile 35%. Ukuguquka energy ezishisayo livuke ugesi e EcoTherm STETs '™ Buyisela uhlelo izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwemithathu kunakunoma ubuchwepheshe yokuncintisana lapho amandla ayabuya njengoba ongaphakeme-ebangeni ukushisa ngesimo amanzi ashisayo okuyinto yaze yafika kubhayela uhlelo amanzi okuphakelayo. EcoTherm™ liyasetshenziswa njengendlela umthombo alumina e usimende bokushisa, displacing le bauxite ezibizayo ngokuvamile zithutha amabanga amade. Sisebenzisa okusezingeni eliphezulu carbon EcoTherm™ nomlotha kungaba isitshalo amandla noma kuhhonela usimende, maximizes yokutakula amandla amalahle zilethwe, ngokunciphisa isidingo kwesami futhi athutha uwoyela owengeziwe ezakhiweni.

Fig. 2. EcoTherm™ Buyisela uhlelo

STET sika Constellation Amandla Umthombo Generation Brandon Shores, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, futhi RWEnpower Aberthaw izitshalo, zonke zihlanganisa EcoTherm™ Buyisela izinhlelo (Figure 2). Ukufakwa entsha ye-STET carbon isihlukanisi ePoland ayohlanganisa i EcoTherm™ Buyisela uhlelo. Izingxenye ezibalulekile kohlelo ethulwa ePhuzwini 2. EcoTherm™ ohamba ngayo elomile ukuba isamukeli isihlungi amabhande amalahle. Ukuvimbela dusting mayelana 7-10 wt amanzi% yengezwe

EcoTherm™ e ngesivinini pin mixer ngaphambi kokushiya ungene amalahle phezu ibhande njengoba amalahle lidluliselwe Mills.

2.3. ST ammonia Ukususwa Inqubo

izitshalo Amandla zikhulisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia umjovo ukukwehlisela nox and SO3 kwekhabhoni. Nox ku igesi flue kuyehla ukuphendula i-ammonia ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ngokusebenzisa Catalytic okukhethwayo (SCR) noma okukhetha Non-Catalytic (SNCR) izinhlelo. Nakuba i-ammonia edliwe kulezi izinqubo, abanye ammonia ngokweqile liyadingeka ukulawula kahle Nox. Noma yimuphi asalile ammonia ezifakwa kwi impukane umlotha e ejwayelekile abandayo-side precipitator electrostatic umlotha zokuqoqa. Ukuze wehlise particulate noma SO3 aerosol kwekhabhoni, ammonia is injected uzongena kule gesi flue ngaphambi nje kokubhujiswa kwalo precipitators okuholela ammonium sulfate nokufaka epheshaneni umlotha. Nakuba umlotha ammoniated akuyona umonakala ukusebenza ngokhonkolo, lapho umlotha ammoniated ixubene usimende ane-alikhali ekukhiqizeni ngokhonkolo, ammonia is volatilized abasebenzi engase engozini.

Ukuze ususe ammonia njengoba igesi kusukela impukane umlotha, inqubo ST isebenzisa okufanayo eliyisisekelo chemical yokusabela eholela ammonia ukukhululwa in ukhonkolo. Liberation ammonia kusuka impukane umlotha kudinga ukuthi ion ammonium – yamangqamuzana ammonia yakhoibrium kube sigudluke esivuna ammonia khona alikhali. Fly umlotha nge ngokwemvelo ayinayo okusezingeni eliphezulu abawudingi alikhali ezengeziwe. Ukuze kancane umlotha ane-alikhali, iyiphi alikhali eqinile uyokhonza. Umthombo eshibhe kunazo alikhali kuyinto lime (Cao). Basabela kanjani ammonium nosawoti ngomcako kokukhulula ammonia kakhulu eyayithandwa yakhoibrium chemical. Ukusabela chemical kwenzeka ngokushesha uma compounds kuthiwa yahlakazeka.

Fig. 3: STET ammonia Ukususwa System

Umdwebo olotshiwe we ST ammonia ukususwa nqubo kuboniswe ePhuzwini 3. Ash, amanzi nomcako ngezabelo ebuswa alinganisiwe ukuba mixer. Ukuze siqinisekise kuhlangana ngokushesha futhi ukuhlakazwa umfaniswano amanzi kungezwa alikhali, mixer umfutho high isetshenziswa. A umfutho kudivayisi ongaphakeme ezifana isigayo Pug isetshenziswa njengoba mixer yesibili ukunikeza ezinhle emoyeni contact yokuvumela ezokuthutha ammonia kusuka omningi walo umlotha. Njengoba okuqukethwe umswakama ash sincane kakhulu, okokusebenza kugeleza le mixer njengoba powder ningakhathazeki kakhulu ezomile. Ammonia igesi eqoqwe kokubili eliphezulu futhi

ongaphakeme isivinini labathaki bamafutha mjikelezo kuya Generating iyunithi flue.

Udaka deammoniated womile by ukudlulisa izinto ngokusebenzisa uya woma flash ukususa amanzi okweqile. Final okushisa umlotha cishe 65ºC (150leF) kukhona eyanele ukukhiqiza nhlobo- egeleza umkhiqizo ezomile.

Inqubo uyalulama 100% ka impukane umlotha iphathwa kanye umlotha okuholela ihlangabezana yonke imininingwane ukusetshenziswa ukhonkolo. inqubo STET sika ammonia ukususwa ingasetshenziswa kuphela noma lihambisana carbon ngokwahlukana ubuchwepheshe yenkampani. Le ndlela Modular inikeza ikhambi aphansi izindleko zokwelapha ngenye engasebenziseki impukane umlotha.

Lo msebenzi yezomnotho Ungasingatha kuze kufinyelele

47 amathani ihora umlotha enobuthi ngayinye, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe ammonia ukuba ngaphansi kuka 75 mg / kg. manje-isikali Okugcwele STET ammonia ukususwa izinhlelo ezisebenza at Jacksonville Electric Authority SJRPP, TEC Big Bend, futhi RWE npower Aberthaw umlotha ukucutshungulwa izindawo.

3. STET UMLOTHA Icubungula IZAKHIWO

Elawulwa Loi ongaphakeme impukane umlotha ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe STET nganoma nanye iziteshi amandla lonke US, Canada, U.K, Poland futhi Korea. I kusetshenzwe impukane umlotha is imakethwa ngaphansi ProAsh® brand kulo lezi zindawo emakethe. ProAsh® fly umlotha sivunyiwe ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo onguthelawayeka zikahulumeni phezu amabili, kanye eziningi nezinye izinhlaka sebhithi. ProAsh® Futhi liye eqinisekise ngaphansi Canadian Amazinga Association futhi EN 450:2005 namazinga izinga eYurophu. STET umlotha ukucutshungulwa izindawo ezisohlwini Ithebula 1.

Ngo 2008, STET ethunywe ngobukhulu US fly umlotha lokuhlomulisa luhlobo yayo ngesikhathi Tampa Electric Inkampani Big Bend uphethiloli e Florida. separators ababili STET ezifakiwe ukukhiqiza Loi ongaphakeme ProAsh® . A isihlukanisi lokuqala-alo-hlobo lesithathu isetshenziselwa okunye ukugxilisa ingqondo kulokho okwenzayo carbon ukukhulisa inani fuel we EcoTherm™ futhi ukukhulisa inani ProAsh® walulama. The Big Bend luhlobo, oveza 260,000 amathani ngonyaka ka ProAsh®, kufaka 25,000 Dome ton ngoba okuphakelayo umlotha, a 10,000 ton silo ngoba ProAsh® kanye 6,500 ton silo ngoba EcoTherm™ .

3.1. ZGP Project, Poland

Ngo-April 2010 ukufakwa kuqala STET Isihlukanisi ezwekazini laseYurophu eyalwa ku umngcele kuhlanganiswe umusi namandla plant Soda Polska Ciech Sp z o.o. – Janikosoda futhi Inowrocław izitshalo ePoland. Lokhu umlotha ukucutshungulwa luhlobo, ithuthukiswe ngokuhlanganyela STET, is owned futhi eziqhutshwa ZGP Sp. o.o., inkampani ngokuhlanganyela ibhizinisi ka Lafarge Polska SA Soda Polska CIECH Sp. kusukela

o.o.Izitshalo amandla ukukhiqiza mayelana 180,000 amathani ngonyaka impukane umlotha okuyinto uthuthwa ezimanzi amachweba 2 km.

Lesi sikhungo lakhiwa e umngcele sokuphehla amandla. Le phrojekthi kuhlanganisiwe ngokuningiliziwe ukuguquka kwabantu ezimanzi umlotha Iqoqo ezokuthutha systems ezinhlanu

boilers a umlotha ezomile isigaba obukhulu zokuqoqa, i STET Isihlukanisi, isitoreji silos ukuze umlotha okuphakelayo, the ProAsh® kanye EcoTherm™ imikhiqizo, futhi EcoTherm™ Buyela System ukubuyisela EcoTherm™ kuya boilers sokutakula Inani uphethiloli, kanye izakhiwo asizayo, compressors futhi imigwaqo emisha. Ngenxa okuphakelayo umlotha is kumele kusetshenzwe kusukela Inowrocław eseduze- Cuttlefish amandla plant okungewakho Polish Soda Ciech Sp. o.o., malungiselelo aye kwenziwe athula okuphakelayo umlotha wadonsela kuya wenkundla womoya ngamaloli athwala amanzi. Inqubo ukugeleza idayagramu for sikhungo umlotha lokuhlomulisa is kuboniswe ePhuzwini 4 kanye jikelele luhlobo isakhiwo ePhuzwini 5. I ongaphakeme Loi ProAsh® ikhiqizwa ukuze EN450:2005 amazinga futhi lisetshenziswa ngesikhathi usimende isitshalo eseduze okungewakho Lafarge ukukhiqiza fly umlotha usimende. A 30,000 amathani ezomile umlotha USilo Yakhiwa ngaphakathi emagcekeni zalesi sihlahla usimende, ukugcina umlotha phakathi nobusika.

Fig. 4. ZGP Process Umdwebo

Fig. 6. ZGP ST fly umlotha lokuhlomulisa isitshalo

3.2 design Isisekelo

ivolumu Ash alunge ngonyaka: 180,000 T

EcoTherm™ combusted ngu sokuphehla amandla 24,000 amathani / ngonyaka, ivolumu esisele asetshenziswe

1.Disassembly of the ezimanzi nekambiso yeenthuthi

2.Delivery futhi inhlangano yabantwana bakwa-entsha isigaba obukhulu uhlelo eveza

3.Delivery futhi inhlangano yabantwana compressors

4.Ukwakhiwa ash ngokwahlukana luhlobo Silos: Okuphakelayo Ash USilo 1,200T

ProAsh® 1,000T EcoTherm ™1,000T

5.Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo kanye nengqalasizinda indawo yokuhlala qala-up ngoMeyi 2010

Le phrojekthi waqalwa ngaphakathi isabelomali kuhlelwe futhi usohlelweni.

3.3Ukusebenza sikhungo e 2011

Nakubukwa tekusebenta omuhle aluthola ngesikhathi imisebenzi ekuqaleni-up, futhi 2010 ukusebenza, ukuphathwa isikhungo kunqunywa ukucubungula umlotha ezengeziwe ezivela kwezinye izitshalo amandla, ne wokuqukethwe ephakeme carbon e impukane umlotha kuka bamukeleke ngokombono EN 450 ejwayelekile.

I Loi ku umlotha zilethwe wayevela 8 ukuze 20%. Ekukhanyeni okungenhla, ivolumu umlotha kusetshenzwe by sikhungo ZGP anda 2011 ukuze 220,000 amathani.

Loi for fly umlotha, ProAsh® futhi EcoTherm™ e 2011

4. UKUFINGQA

Impukane igcwaliswe umlotha ukucutshungulwa luhlobo, esekelwe ubuchwepheshe ezilethwa yi Ngokwahlukana Technologies LLC iqedwe ngokuphelele isidingo ukugcina fly umlotha e-Matwy futhi Janikowo izitshalo amandla.

Udaka imfucuza fly ukuthi wayebangele umonakalo kwezemvelo iminyaka futhi Kwakugcinwe ngaphandle emagcekeni eyingozi kakhulu baba umkhiqizo izothandwa ngokuthi ProAsh® futhi manje ngokuphelele isetshenziswe umkhakha usimende, kokuhambisana nendlela ejwayelekile EN-450.

EcoTherm™ manje esetshenziswa njengoba uphethiloli nge sokuphehla amandla futhi usimende isitshalo, kuncishiswe inani amalahle yokushiswa ngalezo zitshalo kukhula nekusebenta boilers.

Le phrojekthi imigomo yayo zezimali kanye nezemvelo kokubili. Lesi sikhungo wabonisa umlotha okusezingeni eliphezulu ukucutshungulwa khono, ngokuya izinga, ubuningi nokucubungula ubuchwepheshe, futhi owayeqinisile.

Ukuyeka ukusetshenziswa impukane umlotha esikhundleni usimende ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo kakhulu kunciphisa kwekhabhoni-carbon dioxide ephathelene nomsebenzi wokwakha. Ukuze ugweme ukulahlekelwa lo mthombo wosizo amaphuzu ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo kanye nokwehlisa oluhlaza endlini amagesi elihlobene ne ukwakhiwa ukhonkolo, izinqubo sokubuyisela izinga impukane umlotha ngendlela kwezomnotho nezemvelo iphila kudingeka.

Kokuzuza impukane umlotha nge izinqubo Ngokwahlukana Technologies 'eminye kwandisa supply le nto ebaluleke. I ST lokuhlomulisa izinqubo ukuba iqhubeke ibonisa izindlela eziningi ngezinga elikhulu isetshenziswa uthuthukise ngenye engasebenziseki impukane umlotha nenani eliphezulu zokwakha usimende esikhundleni ukhonkolo. 19 STET carbon separators akhona nge phezu 100 Umshini-iminyaka wokusebenza.

ProAsh® ithole zamukelwa kabanzi embonini ukhonkolo njengoba premium impukane umlotha ezidinga ukuqapha omncane izidingo emoyeni Entrainment ngenxa ngaphansi Loi kokuhlukana kunamanye umlotha.

Ukubuyisela lesi CONCENTRATE ephezulu carbon enchubeni STET ukuze kubhayela ngesikhathi isitshalo amandla evumela nokuvulwa walulama carbon fuel kwenani ngisho kahle efana amalahle.

STET inikeza eziyinkimbinkimbi ubuchwepheshe kahle kwezomnotho ukuthola umlotha we eseqophelweni ebesingase sifakwe kuyi landfilled. Technologies of electrostatic carbon ngokuhlukana, Ecotherm™ ubuyele kubhayela, kanye ammonia ukususwa ukunikeza isixazululo Modular zezinkinga eziphathelene fly umlotha ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo emandleni wemboni. Lezi ubuchwepheshe ezintathu ezingase zithathwe ngezigaba, noma

Ithebula. STET Commercial Operations

njengendlela project olulodwa. Ngo Ithebula idatha kafushane imiphumela ukuqaliswa kanye operation kwezentengiselwano STET amalahle umlotha lokuhlomulisa ukufaka ethulwa.