Triboelectrostatic samaminerali ka Landfilled Fly Ash WOCA 2015

Triboelectrostatic samaminerali ka

Land Egcwele Fly Ash

L. Baker, A. Gupta, futhi S. Gasiorowski

ST Izinsiza kusebenza & Technologies LLC, 101 Hampton Avenue, Needham MA 02494 USA

INGQUNGQUTHELA: 2015 World of yamalahle Ash - (www.worldofcoalash.org)

Amagama abalulekile: Triboelectrostatic, samaminerali, fly Ash, Landfilled, omisiwe, Ukwahlukana, carbon

abstract

ngokuhlukana Triboelectrostatic isetshenzisiwe kokuzuza commercial amalahle omlilo impukane umlotha ukukhiqiza carbon umkhiqizo ongaphakeme ukusetshenziswa njengendlela esikhundleni usimende ukhonkolo for cishe engamashumi amabili. nge 18 separators e 12 izitshalo amalahle ngamalahle amandla emhlabeni jikelele, ST Izinsiza kusebenza & Ubuchwepheshe LLC sika (STET) lobunikazi isihlukanisi electrostatic isetshenzisiwe ukukhiqiza phezu 15 Million amathani ongaphakeme carbon umkhiqizo.

Kuze kube manje, lokuhlomulisa commercial ezindizayo umlotha eye eyenziwa kuphela ezomile "run umlotha station‿. umthetho kwakamuva kwemvelo idale, ezimakethe ezithile, isidingo ukuphakela umlotha beneficiated ezikhathini ongaphakeme umlotha isizukulwane. Lokhu, oluhambisana imfuneko kwezinye izindawo uthulule umlotha zomlando landfill amasayithi, idale isidingo ukuthuthukisa inqubo beneficiate umlotha ngokomlando landfilled.

Ucwaningo oluye lwenziwa ngaphambili lwabonisa ukuthi ukuchayeka ezindizayo umlotha ukuze umswakama, nokwesula okwalandela inomthelela triboelectrostatic ukushaja indlela, nge-carbon nokumbiwa izinhlayiya ukushaja ku polarity okuphambene nenjabulo nge run of esiteshini umlotha. Izifundo ziye ezenziwa ababhali ukunquma umphumela umswakama ukuchayeka ku ngokwahlukana kahle somlotha eziningana eziye wabophula kusukela landfills yomiswa. Shaja Ukubuyiselwa emuva okwaba omiswe elandelayo, kodwa jikelele ngokuhlukana kahle yafinyelelwa okulingana ukuthi nayo lapho run fresh esiteshini umlotha.

Umthelela umlotha omisiwe ukondla umswakama nesihlobo ku triboelectrostatic ngokwahlukana kahle ukuthi bahlola, lobukhali wancishiswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenjabulo nge run of esiteshini umlotha, ukwehlisa jikelele inqubo izindleko.

ISINGENISO

I-American yamalahle Ash Association (ACAA) ucwaningo lonyaka ka kukhiqizwa futhi kusetshenziswa amalahle impukane umlotha ibika ukuthi phakathi 1966 futhi 2011, phezu 2.3 bhiliyoni amathani esifushane impukane umlotha ukuba yakhiqizwa amalahle ngamalahle Umbuso boilers.1 Kuleli nani cishe 625 amathani kwesigidi ziye ezizuzisayo lisetshenziswe, ikakhulu for usimende kanye ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo. Nokho, okusele 1.7+ amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-ngokuyinhloko ezitholakala landfills noma egcwele ponded

impoundments. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa izilinganiso asanda elakhiwe impukane umlotha baye lenyuka kakhulu kuleminyaka edlulile, nge amanani zamanje eduze 45%, cishe 40 amathani ayizigidi ezingu-fly umlotha siqhubeke indle ngonyaka. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa amazinga e-Europe bebelokhu ephakeme kakhulu kunalokho e-US, amavolumu enkulu impukane umlotha tiphindze elondolozwe ku landfills kanye impoundments kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu.

Okusanda, nentshisekelo leli impahla ngokufanele ikhuphukile, ngokwengxenye kubangelwa isidingo eliphezulu impukane umlotha ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo kanye usimende phakathi nenkathi zokukhiqiza encishisiwe namalahle ngamalahle amandla isizukulwane sehlile aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ukukhathazeka okukhona mayelana namandla eside umthelela kwezemvelo landfills ezifana nazo esibatshela Izinsiza ukuthola ukusetshenziswa izicelo inenzuzo le umlotha egcinwe.

KOMHLABA siphuphume UMLOTHA QUALITY KANYE KUDINGEKA samaminerali

Phezu kokuba okunye kwalo agcinwe impukane umlotha angase afanelekele ukusetshenziswa nenzuzo njengoba ekuqaleni igodi, iningi kuzodinga ukucubungula ezinye ukuhlangabezana namazinga izinga for usimende noma ukukhiqizwa ukhonkolo. Kusukela Indaba ubulokhu ngokuvamile wetted ukunika amandla ukuphatha compaction ngenkathi kugwenywa sisemoyeni uthuli isizukulwane, omiswe cishe uyobe imfuneko sakugcina ukusetshenziswa ukhonkolo kusukela abakhiqizi ukhonkolo basazoqhubeka umkhuba wokusebenzisa batching impukane umlotha njengoba impuphu. Nokho, baqinisekisa ukwakheka amakhemikhali umlotha ihlangabezana Ukucaciswa, ephawuleka kakhulu ngokukhulekelwa okuqukethwe carbon alinganiswe njengahlukile ukulahlekelwa-on-ukuthungela (UMTHETHO), Kuyinselele enkulu. Njengoba impukane umlotha ukusetshenziswa liye lenyuka zinyanga 20+ iminyaka, kakhulu "in-spec‿ umlotha iye ezizuzisayo lisetshenziswe, kanye umlotha off-izinga ngokufanele. Ngakho, Loi ukunciphisa kuyoba ngempela imfuneko ukuze umuntu sisebenzisa iningi impukane umlotha ukuyithola kusukela Umbuso impoundments.

Loi ukuncishiswa BY NGOKUHLUKANA TRIBOELECTRIC

Ekubeni abasebenzi ezihlukahlukene baye basebenzisa amasu amandla omlilo futhi flotation nezinqubo Loi nokwehlisa walulama landfilled futhi ponded impukane umlotha, ST Izinsiza kusebenza & ubuchwepheshe (STET) ithole ngaleyo ndinganiso ukucutshungulwa uhlelo lwayo, eside esetshenziselwa kokuzuza asanda elakhiwe impukane umlotha, kuyaphumelela ngokulinganayo ku umlotha walulama emva omiswe ofanele futhi deagglomeration ngamanani aphansi jikelele izindleko.

Phakathi kummango-kuze kube isicelo kwezentengiselwano STET ukuhlelwa uhlelo for fly umlotha, abacwaningi STET ihlolwe ukwehlukana omisiwe umlotha landfilled. Lokhu umlotha walulama ahlukaniswe umlotha efanayo kakhulu asanda elakhiwe nomunye umehluko isimanga: ukukhokhiswa kuyizinhlayiyana sahoxiswa kusukela ukuthi umlotha fresh ne-carbon ukushaja negative maqondana nokumbiwa.2 Abanye abacwaningi ngokuhlukana electrostatic ezindizayo umlotha carbon futhi ngilugcinile lokhu imihlola.3,4,5

TECHNOLOGY ISENDLALELO - FLY UMLOTHA carbon NGOKUHLUKANA

Esikhathini isihlukanisi STET carbon (Figure 1), impahla kufakwa igebe mncane phakathi electrode ezimbili okuhambisana Planar. Izinhlayiya triboelectrically icala by interparticle contact. Ukuhlolwa kwe-carbon kahle icala kanye nokumbiwa omubi icala (umlotha asanda okukhiqizwa engakaze wetted yomiswa) bakhangwa electrode okuphambene. Izinhlayiya ke sikhukhuleke ngumuntu okuqhubekayo ezihambayo ibhande abavezwa oluyi. Ibhande ushukumisela izinhlayiya ezakhelene electrode ngamunye ngase imikhawulo okuphambene isihlukanisi. I ngesivinini ibhande Lisenza throughputs eliphezulu kakhulu, kuya ku 36 amathani ngehora kwi isihlukanisi olulodwa. Igebe encane, high voltage ensimini, bali ukugeleza zamanje, eyingqabavu kuyizinhlayiyana-kuyizinhlayiyana ukuyaluza nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano yokuhlanza isenzo ibhande phezu electrode izici abagxeka isihlukanisi STET. Ngokulawula inqubo nemingcele ahlukahlukene, ezifana speed ibhande, feed iphuzu, kanye feed izinga, inqubo STET ukhiqiza ongaphakeme Loi impukane umlotha at okuqukethwe carbon esingaphansi 1.5 ukuze 4.5% kulokho okuphakelayo impukane umlotha ezisukela ku-Loi 4% ukuze phezu 25%.

Fig. 1 STET Isihlukanisi

Umklamo isihlukanisi lilula futhi icwecwe. Umshini yakhelwe ukucubungula 36 amathani ngehora cishe 9 m (30 ft.) eside, 1.5 m (5 ft.) ububanzi, futhi 2.75 m (9 ft.) okusezingeni eliphezulu. I ibhande ezinamasondo eziphathelene izingxenye ezinyakazayo kuphela. I electrode kukhona umile futhi yakhiwa i material onensika ngokufanele. Ibhande wenziwe non- plastic conductive. I isihlukanisi sika amandla ukusetshenziswa imayelana 1 -Hora kilowatt tonne of indaba kusetshenzwe iningi amandla sokudliwa izinjini ezimbili ukushayela ibhande ngayinye.

Inqubo esomile ngokuphelele, aludingi izinto ezengeziwe ngaphandle impukane umlotha futhi ukhiqiza akukho amanzi angcolile noma umoya kwekhabhoni. Izinto walulama aqukethe impukane umlotha kwehliswa carbon okuqukethwe emazingeni ezifanele ukusetshenziswa njengendlela admixture pozzolanic e

ukhonkolo, kanye okusezingeni eliphezulu carbon ingxenyenamba ewusizo njengoba uphethiloli. Ukusetshenziswa kokubili ukusakaza umkhiqizo ihlinzeka 100% isixazululo ukundiza izinkinga umlotha.

Walulama OKOKUTHUNGELA INZUZO HIGH-carbon FLY ASH

Ngaphezu ongaphakeme carbon umkhiqizo ukusetshenziswa ukhonkolo, brand okuthiwa ProAsh®, the STET ngokwahlukana inqubo futhi uyalulama ngenye okulahlwayo carbon unburned efomini carbon-ocebile impukane umlotha, EcoTherm uphawu™. EcoTherm™ onezici eziphawulekayo fuel value futhi kalula phinda kagesi amandla plant usebenzisa EcoTherm STET™ Buyela uhlelo ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa amalahle simila. lapho EcoTherm™ uyaphakama e kubhayela Umbuso, amandla omlilo is kuguquka umfutho ophakeme / eliphezulu lokushisa umusi bese ugesi ngesikhathi kahle efanayo amalahle, ngokuvamile 35%. Ukuguquka energy ezishisayo livuke ugesi e ST Izinsiza kusebenza & Ubuchwepheshe LLC EcoTherm™ Buyisela uhlelo izikhathi ezimbili kuya kwemithathu kunakunoma ubuchwepheshe yokuncintisana lapho amandla ayabuya njengoba ongaphakeme-ebangeni ukushisa ngesimo amanzi ashisayo okuyinto yaze yafika kubhayela uhlelo amanzi okuphakelayo. EcoTherm™ liyasetshenziswa njengendlela umthombo alumina e usimende bokushisa, displacing le bauxite ezibizayo ngokuvamile zithutha amabanga amade. Sisebenzisa okusezingeni eliphezulu carbon EcoTherm™ nomlotha kungaba isitshalo amandla noma kuhhonela usimende, maximizes yokutakula amandla amalahle zilethwe, ngokunciphisa isidingo kwesami futhi athutha uwoyela owengeziwe ezakhiweni.

STET sika Raven Amandla Brandon Shores, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, futhi RWEnpower Aberthaw fly izitshalo umlotha, zonke zihlanganisa EcoTherm™ Buyisela izinhlelo. Izingxenye ezibalulekile kohlelo ethulwa ePhuzwini 2.

Fig. 2 EcoTherm™ Buyisela uhlelo

STET UMLOTHA ekucubunguleni IZAKHIWO

Elawulwa Loi ongaphakeme impukane umlotha ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe STET sika eziteshini nambili amandla lonke US, Canada, U.K, Poland, futhi Republic of Korea. ProAsh® fly umlotha sivunyiwe ukusetshenziselwa izinhlelo onguthelawayeka zikahulumeni phezu amabili, kanye eziningi nezinye izinhlaka sebhithi. ProAsh® Futhi liye eqinisekise ngaphansi Canadian Amazinga Association futhi EN 450:2005 namazinga izinga eYurophu. Ash ukucutshungulwa izindawo usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe STET ahlelwe kuThebula 1.

Ithebula 1. STET Commercial Operations

AMALAHLE UMLOTHA wasimama igcwalisa KOMHLABA

imithombo amabili umlotha eyatholakala kusukela landfills: isampula A ngesitshalo amandla elise

United Kingdom futhi isampula B: kusuka e-United States. Bobabili masampuli lalinabashumayeli umlotha kusukela amandla omlilo of amalahle bituminous ngu Umbuso boilers ezinkulu. Ngenxa intermingling ka nezinto landfills, kungekho ukwaziswa okwengeziwe iyatholakala ngokuphathelene umthombo amalahle omlilo nemibandela ethile.

Amasampula njengoba etholwe STET oluqukethwe phakathi 15% futhi 20% amanzi njengoba ejwayelekile izinto landfilled. Amasampula zaziqukethe amanani ehlukene enkulu >1/8 intshi (~ 3 mm) impahla. Ukulungisa amasampula for carbon ngokuhlukana, lowo doti ezinkulu isuswe ngu ukuhlolwa kanye amasampula ke omisiwe futhi deagglomerated ngaphambi carbon lokuhlomulisa. Izindlela ezahlukene ukuze omiswe / deagglomeration ayengezwa esikalini ukuze nokwandisa inqubo jikelele. A inqubo jikelele ukugeleza ishidi uvezwa Figure 3.

Figure 3: Inqubo ukugeleza ishidi

Izakhiwo amasampula ukulungele base bekhulile esezingeni impukane umlotha etholwe ngokuqondile evamile Umbuso boilers. I izakhiwo oluhlobene kakhulu kokubili izifunzo isihlukanisi nemikhiqizo ifinyeziwe Ithebula 2 kanye umkhiqizo walulama.

carbon NGOKUHLUKANA

Carbon ukunciphisa nokulingwa usebenzisa STET triboelectric ibhande isihlukanisi kuholele yokutakula ezinhle kakhulu ongaphakeme Loi umkhiqizo. I izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo waphawula kwaba kubuyekezwe ukushaja we-carbon okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla. Nakuba le ndlela yokuziphatha Kuye kwaphawulwa ngaphambilini by STET kanye nabanye abacwaningi, lo mshini olushintsha isihlobo umsebenzi imisebenzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela contact ukushaja ukuziphatha impahla bengayiqondi. Omunye indlela oluphakanyisiwe kuyinto ukuhanjiswa ion encibilikayo phezu amaminerali kanye

Umdwebo olandelayo ubeka ngokufingqiwe chemistry ngoba amasampula avela emthonjeni B. Ukuhlola ku umthombo A impahla awukapheli.

Ithebula 4: Ash Chemistry of ongaphakeme Loi umlotha.

ukuthuthukiswa Amandla we 20% esikhundleni se-ongaphakeme Loi impukane umlotha esigqulweni equkethe 600 lb / yd3 iyibonakalisa impahla ethathwe umlotha landfilled kwenziwa kancane ungcono impahla ekukhicitweni fresh. Bona Ithebula 5 ngezansi.

Ithebula 5: amandla compressive sikakhonkolo cubes.

NEZIPHETHO

Ngemva scalping ezifanele impahla enkulu, omiswe, futhi deagglomeration, fly umlotha wasimama Umbuso isitshalo landfills zingancishiswa carbon okuqukethwe usebenzisa STET inzuzo triboelectric ibhande isihlukanisi. Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo STET kusala okulingana emlotheni etholwe asanda kusukela kubhayela imisebenzi yomiswa impahla landfilled. Umkhiqizo isihlukanisi kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukhonkolo ngaphandle lokuhlomulisa phambili izakhiwo ukusebenza kucishe. Yokutakula nokuzuza umlotha landfilled ngeke ukulethela Ngokuqhubeka high umlotha kubakhiqizi ukhonkolo ngaphakathi spite of ukukhiqizwa ukuncipha "umlotha fresh‿ njengoba Izinsiza amalahle ngamalahle ukunciphisa isizukulwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla izitshalo ukuthi udinga ukususa umlotha landfills ukuhlangabezana ezishintshayo iziqondiso kwemvelo uzokwazi ukusebenzisa inqubo kokulungiswa ehluphayo imfucuza umkhiqizo ibe impahla eyigugu zokusetshenziswa for abakhiqizi ukhonkolo.

IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI

[1]American yamalahle Ash yamalahle imikhiqizo amandla omlilo futhi Sebenzisa Izibalo: https://www.acaa-usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports/

[2]umbiko yangaphakathi ST, Agasti 1995.

[3]e,T.X,. Schaefer, JL, Ban, H., Neathery, J.K., futhi Stencel, J.M. Dry samaminerali Ukucubungula Combustion Fly Ash, Ekuqhubeni lenkomfa DoE ku Carbon Unburned ku Umfelandawonye Fly Ash, May 19 20, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.

[4]Baltrus, J.P., Diehl, J.R., Soong, Y., Sands, W. ngokuhlukana Triboelectrostatic ezindizayo umlotha futhi inkokhelo Ukubuyiselwa emuva, Okokhelekayo 81, (2002) pp.757-762.

[5]Cangialosi, F., Notarnicola, M., Liberti, L, Stencel, J. Indima weathering ku impukane umlotha icala ukusatshalaliswa ngesikhathi lokuhlomulisa triboelectrostatic, Journal of Materials Kuyingozi, 164 (2009) pp.683-688.

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