Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation wa Landfilled Ntchentche Ash WOCA 2015

Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation wa

Land Anadzazidwa Ntchentche Ash

L. Baker, A. Gupta, ndipo S. Gasiorowski

cha ku Switzerland Zida & umisiri LLC, 101 nyumba ya Hampton Avenue, Needham MA 02494 USA

msonkhano: 2015 World wa Malasha Ash - (www.worldofcoalash.org)

Keywords: Triboelectrostatic, Beneficiation, ntchentche Ash, Landfilled, zouma, kupatukana, mpweya

Mkota

Triboelectrostatic kulekana lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa beneficiation malonda a malasha kuyaka ntchentche phulusa kutulutsa otsika mpweya mankhwala ntchito mmalo simenti auzidwa kuti pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. ndi 18 separators mu 12 malasha amapanga zomera mphamvu pa dziko, cha ku Switzerland Zida & Technology LLC ndi (STET) setifiketi electrostatic olekanitsa lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kubala pa 15 tonnes miliyoni mpweya mankhwala otsika.

Mpaka pano, beneficiation malonda a ntchentche phulusa wakhala anachita yekha pouma "kutha kwa phulusa station‿. Recent malamulo zachilengedwe walenga, m'misika ena, pakufunika kupereka beneficiated phulusa mu nthawi ya m'badwo otsika phulusa. izi, zolumukizidwa ndi chofunika mu malo ena kulowa mbiri phulusa akhala akutayirapo dothi malo, walenga kuti akhale ndondomeko kuti beneficiate mbiri landfilled phulusa.

maphunziro Previous asonyeza kuti padzuwa la ntchentche phulusa ndi chinyezi, ndipo wotsatira kuyanika anakopa triboelectrostatic nawuza limagwirira, ndi mpweya ndi mchere particles nawuza mu polarity mosiyana anakumana ndi kutha kwa siteshoni phulusa. Studies zikanatha kuchitika ndi olemba kudziwa zotsatira za padzuwa chinyezi pa kulekana dzuwa la phulusa angapo amene akhala wawawombola landfills ndi zouma. Lamulira zitasintha anaonanso kuyanika zotsatirazi, koma chonse kulekana Mwachangu anali akwaniritsa ofanana ndi chimwemwe ndi athamangadi atsopano siteshoni phulusa.

Zotsatira za phulusa zouma kudyetsa chinyezi wachibale pa dzuwa triboelectrostatic kulekana anali anafufuza, ndi tcheru anachepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chimwemwe ndi kutha kwa siteshoni phulusa, kutsitsa mtengo wonse ndondomeko.

MAU OYAMBA

The American Malasha Ash Association (ACAA) pachaka kafukufuku kupanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malasha ntchentche phulusa inanena kuti pakati pa 1966 ndi 2011, pa 2.3 biliyoni matani yochepa ntchentche phulusa kukhala itapangidwa malasha amapanga boilers zofunikira.1 Cha ndalamazo pafupifupi 625 matani miliyoni akhala mopindulitsa ntchito, makamaka simenti ndi kupanga konkire. Komabe, otsalira 1.7+ matani biliyoni kwenikweni opezeka landfills anadzazidwa ponded

impoundments. Ngakhale magwiritsidwe mitengo kwa mwatsopano kwaiye ntchentche phulusa awonjezera kwambiri pa zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi mitengo panopa pafupi 45%, pafupifupi 40 matani mamiliyoni a ntchentche phulusa kupitiriza kuwataya chaka. Ngakhale mitengo magwiritsidwe ku Ulaya akhala apamwamba kuposa mu US, mabuku ndithu ntchentche phulusa akhala kusungidwa mu landfills ndi impoundments m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya.

posachedwapa, chidwi akuchira nkhaniyi wabwino chawonjezeka, pang'ono chifukwa kufunika kwa apamwamba ntchentche phulusa kwa konkire ndi simenti kupanga pa nthawi yafupika kupanga monga malasha amapanga mphamvu za ali utachepa ku Ulaya ndi North America. Nkhawa yaitali zingakhudzire chilengedwe cha landfills amenewa komanso asanauzidwe zofunikira kupeza ntchito ntchito opindulitsa phulusa izi kusungidwa.

M'DZIKO Anadzazidwa phulusa KWAMBIRI NDI N'KOFUNIKA BENEFICIATION

Ngakhale ena mwa ichi ntchentche phulusa kusungidwa akhale oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito n'zothandiza poyamba zakale, ambiri mufunikira processing kukwaniritsa miyezo khalidwe simenti kapena kupanga konkire. Popeza nkhaniyo wakhala ambiri wasambitsa kuti athe akuchitira ndi compaction ongofuna fumbi m'badwo airborne, kuyanika mwina kukhala chofunika kochepa ntchito simenti kuyambira opanga konkire adzafuna kupitiriza mchitidwe batching ntchentche phulusa ngati ufa wouma. Komabe, kutsimikizila mipweya ya phulusa likumanenso specifications, makamaka zili mpweya anayeza monga imfa pa-poyatsira (LAMULO), ndi kovutirapo. Monga ntchentche phulusa magwiritsidwe chawonjezeka mu wotsiriza 20+ zaka, kwambiri "-spec‿ phulusa wakhala mopindulitsa ntchito, ndi kutali kwambiri phulusa kuwataya. Motero, kuchepetsa LOI adzakhala lamulo kugwiritsa ambiri ntchentche phulusa recoverable ku impoundments zofunikira.

LOI Kuchepetsa ndi kulekanitsidwa TRIBOELECTRIC

Pamene ogwira zosiyanasiyana ntchito njira kuyaka ndi njira flotation chifukwa kuchepetsa LOI wa anachira landfilled ndi ponded ntchentche phulusa, cha ku Switzerland Zida & umisiri (STET) linapeza kuti boma lake muyezo processing, yaitali ntchito beneficiation wa mwatsopano kwaiye ntchentche phulusa, Inunso othandiza pa phulusa anachira pambuyo kuyanika abwino ndi deagglomeration pa m'munsi mtengo wonse opaleshoni.

Pa limbikitsa-ku ntchito malonda a dongosolo STET processing kuti ntchentche phulusa, Akatswiri STET anayesedwa kulekana kwa zouma phulusa landfilled. Izi phulusa anachira anapambulwa phulusa ofanana kwambiri mwatsopano kwaiye ndi kusiyana kumodzi n'zosadabwitsa: ndi tinthu adzapereke chinafafanizidwa kuchokera kwa phulusa mwatsopano ndi mpweya ndi kulipiritsa zoipa poyerekezera ndi mchere ndi.2 Akatswiri ena olekanitsa electrostatic wa ntchentche phulusa mpweya apezanso zochitika izi.3,4,5

ZIPANGIZO ZAMAKONO mwachidule - ntchentche phulusa mpweya KUPATUKANA

Mu olekanitsa STET mpweya (chithunzi 1), zakuthupi zimalowa kusiyana woonda pakati maelekitirodi awiri kufanana planar. particles ndi triboelectrically mlandu ndi interparticle kukhudzana. The ndithu mlandu mpweya ndi mchere zoipa adawalamulira (mu phulusa mwatsopano kwaiye chimene sichinayambe wasambitsa ndi zouma) amakopeka maelekitirodi popenyana. particles kenako yosesa ndi yothandizira avundulidwe lamba ndi zoperekedwa mbali zosiyana. Lamba amasuntha particles pafupi wina ndi elekitirodi kwa malekezero wosiyana olekanitsa ndi. Mkulu lamba liwiro imathandizanso throughputs kwambiri, mpaka 36 tonnes paola pa olekanitsa limodzi. Kusiyana ang'onoang'ono, munda mkulu voteji, kutsutsa otaya panopa, wolimba tinthu-tinthu mukubwadamuka ndi kudzikonda kuyeretsa kanthu lamba pa maelekitirodi ndi mbali yapadera ya olekanitsa STET. Ndi kulamulira magawo osiyanasiyana ndondomeko, monga liwiro lamba, chakudya mfundo, ndi mlingo chakudya, ndondomeko STET umabala otsika LOI ntchentche phulusa pa nkhani mpweya wa zosakwana 1.5 kuti 4.5% kwa chakudya ntchentche phulusa kuyambira mu LOI ku 4% zoposa 25%.

chith. 1 STET olekanitsa

Kamangidwe olekanitsa ndi osavuta ndi yaying'ono. A makina cholinga pokonza 36 tonnes paola pafupifupi 9 mamita (30 ft.) yaitali, 1.5 mamita (5 ft.) lonse, ndi 2.75 mamita (9 ft.) mkulu. Lamba ndi odzigudubuza okhudzidwa ndi mbali chabe kusuntha. maelekitirodi ndi n'kupuma ndi lopangidwa ndi zinthu moyenera cholimba. lamba wopangidwa sanali- pulasitiki conductive. The olekanitsa a mowa mphamvu za 1 kilowatt maola pa tonne zakuthupi kukonzedwa ndi ambiri a mphamvu yochuluka Motors awiri galimoto lamba.

ndondomeko ndi youma kwathunthu, amafuna palibe zipangizo zina ena kuposa ntchentche phulusa ndi kubala palibe madzi zinyalala kapena mpweya mpweya. Zipangizo anachira zigwirizana ntchentche phulusa yafupika zili mpweya kuchepetsa oyenera ntchito ngati kusakanizikana pozzolanic mu

konkire, ndi mkulu mpweya kachigawo zothandiza monga mafuta. Magwiritsidwe mitsinje mankhwala onse imapereka 100% njira kuuluka mavuto phulusa nazo.

Anachira MABATIRE KUFUNIKA KOVALA MKULU mpweya ntchentche phulusa

Kuwonjezera pa mpweya mankhwala otsika ntchito simenti, mtundu wotchedwa ProAsh®, ndi STET kupatukana ndondomeko komanso akuchira mwinamwake adadzonga unburned mpweya mu mawonekedwe a kaboni wolemera ntchentche phulusa, kuwasindikiza EcoTherm™. EcoTherm™ n'kopindulitsa kwambiri mafuta ndi mosavuta anabwerera ku mphamvu ya magetsi chomera ntchito STET EcoTherm™ Bwererani dongosolo kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito khala pa chomera. pamene EcoTherm™ ndi watentha kukatentha zofunikira, mphamvu kwa kuyaka ndi kutembenukira ku kuthamanga / mkulu kutentha nthunzi ndipo kenako magetsi pa dzuwa chimodzimodzi monga malasha, amangoona 35%. Kutembenuka kwa anachira mphamvu matenthedwe kwa magetsi cha ku Switzerland Zida & Technology LLC EcoTherm™ Bwererani dongosolo ndi kawiri atatu apamwamba kuposa luso kupikisana mphamvu ndi kubwezeretsedwanso monga kutentha otsika kalasi mu mawonekedwe a madzi otentha amene akufalitsa kwa kukatentha chakudya dongosolo madzi. EcoTherm™ amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gwero la aluminiyamu mu kilns simenti, chimakankhira ndi bauxite zodula amene inkatinyamulira ataliatali. Kugwiritsa ntchito mkulu mpweya EcoTherm™ phulusa kapena pa magetsi kapena uvuni simenti, maximizes ayambe mphamvu khala anapulumutsa, kuchepetsa kufunika kwanga ndi kunyamula mafuta ena owonjezera kuti malowa.

STET ndi khwangwala Mphamvu Brandon Shores, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, ndipo RWEnpower Aberthaw kuwuluka zomera phulusa, zonse zili EcoTherm™ kachitidwe Bwererani. The zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika a dongosolo ndi kuperekedwa Chithunzi 2.

chith. 2 EcoTherm™ dongosolo Bwererani

STET phulusa PROCESING NYUMBA

Ankalamulira otsika LOI ntchentche phulusa amapangidwa ndi luso STET pa khumi ndi ziwiri zopangira magetsiwa mu okhudza za boma la, Canada, ndi U.K., Poland, ndipo Republic of Korea. ProAsh® kuuluka phulusa kwavomelezedwa ntchito ndi makumi awiri akuluakulu msewu boma, komanso mabungwe ena ambiri mfundo. ProAsh® wakhalanso mbiri yabwino pansi Canada Mfundo Association ndi EN 450:2005 mfundo khalidwe Europe. Ash processing maofesi ntchito luso STET zalembedwa mu Table 1.

Table 1. STET malonda Ntchito

Malasha phulusa pambuyo pa amadzadza M'DZIKO

zinthu ziwiri zomwe phulusa kuwapeza landfills: chitsanzo A kuchokera magetsi ili mu

United Kingdom ndi chitsanzo B: ku United States. Onse zitsanzo izi inkakhala phulusa kuyaka wa malasha bituminous ndi boilers lalikulu zofunikira. Chifukwa kusakaniza nkhani landfills ndi, palibe mudziwe zambiri amapezeka za yeniyeni khala gwero kapena kuyaka zinthu.

Zitsanzo anamlandira ndi STET uli pakati 15% ndi 20% madzi monga mmene chifukwa cha nkhani landfilled. zitsanzo The analinso ndi ndalama osiyanasiyana lalikulu >1/8 inchi (~ 3 mamilimita) zakuthupi. Kuti akonze zitsanzo kwa mpweya kulekana, zinyalala lalikulu adachotsedwa ndi kuphimba ndi zitsanzo ndiye zouma ndi deagglomerated isanafike mpweya beneficiation. njira zosiyanasiyana kuyanika / deagglomeration akuchitiridwa ayesedwa kuti konza moyenera ndondomeko akukhudzidwira. A pepala ambiri ndondomeko otaya kwake Chithunzi 3.

chithunzi 3: Ndondomeko otaya pepala

The katundu wa zitsanzo okonzeka anali mkati osiyanasiyana ntchentche phulusa analandira mwachindunji ku boilers yachibadwa zofunikira. The katundu zogwirizana kwambiri kwa onse amadyetsa olekanitsa ndi mankhwala zakambidwa mwachidule mu Table 2 pamodzi ndi mankhwala anachira.

mpweya KUPATUKANA

mayesero mpweya kuchepetsa ntchito STET triboelectric lamba olekanitsa zinachititsa kuchira bwino LOI mankhwala otsika. The zochitika chidwi zinali za kusintha kwa nawuza ya mpweya zafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Ngakhale khalidwe yakula kale ndi STET komanso ofufuza ena, limagwirira kuti wasintha ntchito wachibale ntchito motero kukhudzana nawuza khalidwe la chuma sanamvetsetse. Yemwe ananenapo limagwirira ndi kusokonekera kwa ayoni sungunuka pa mchere ndi

zotsatirazi tebulo mwachidule umagwirira kwa zitsanzo kuchokera ku gwero B. Kuyesedwa pa gwero A siinamalizidwe.

Table 4: Ash Chemistry wa otsika LOI phulusa.

Mphamvu pakhale 20% m'malo otsika LOI ntchentche phulusa mu mtondo okhala 600 LB / lipande3 anasonyeza nkhani anachokera ku phulusa landfilled anachita penapake kuposa nkhani yopanga atsopano. Onani Table 5 pansipa.

Table 5: Compressive mphamvu ya matope cubes.

Mawuwo

Pambuyo scalping yabwino zinthu zazikulu, kuyanika, ndipo deagglomeration, kuuluka phulusa anachira kuyambira zofunikira mbewu landfills zikhoza kuchepetsedwa amanena mpweya ntchito malonda STET triboelectric lamba olekanitsa. Mwachangu a dongosolo STET makamaka ofanana kwa phulusa analandira mwatsopano ku ntchito kukatentha ndi zouma landfilled zakuthupi. The olekanitsa mankhwala ndi oyenera ntchito yopanga konkire popanda beneficiation nanu katundu pafupifupi zofanana ntchito. The achire komanso beneficiation wa phulusa landfilled adzapereka chakudya kupitiriza mwambambande phulusa opanga simenti ngakhale yafupika yopanga "phulusa fresh‿ monga malasha amapanga zofunikira kuchepetsa m'badwo. Komanso, mphamvu zomera kuti ayenera kuchotsa phulusa landfills kukumana kusintha malamulo zachilengedwe adzatha ntchito ndondomeko ya kusintha kungotaya mankhwala udindo mu mfundo zamtengo wapatali yaiwisi opanga konkire.

Mabuku

[1]American Malasha Ash Malasha mankhwala kuyaka ndi Ntchito Kafukufuku: https://www.acaa-usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports/

[2]Cha ku Switzerland lipoti mkati, August 1995.

[3]mu,T.X,. Schaefer, JL, Ban, H., Neathery, J.K., ndipo Stencel, J.M. Youma Beneficiation Processing wa kuyaka Ntchentche Ash, Kuthi munthu Conference Doe pa Mpweya Unburned pa Kagwiritsidwe Ntchentche Ash, mulole 19 20, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.

[4]Baltrus, J.P., Diehl, J.R., Soong, Y., Sands, W. Triboelectrostatic kulekana kwa ntchentche phulusa ndi mlandu zitasintha, wamafuta 81, (2002) pp.757-762.

[5]Cangialosi, F., Notarnicola, M., Liberti, L, Stencel, J. Udindo wa weathering pa ntchentche phulusa mlandu kugawa nthawi beneficiation triboelectrostatic, Journal of woopsawo zipangizo, 164 (2009) pp.683-688.

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