Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation wa Land Anadzazidwa ndi Ponded Ntchentche Ash

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Triboelectrostatic Beneficiation wa

Land Anadzazidwa ndi Ponded Ntchentche Ash

Ndi Lewis Baker, Abhishek Gupta, Stephen Gasiorowski, ndipo Frank Hrach

The American Malasha Ash Association (ACAA) pachaka kafukufuku kupanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malasha ntchentche phulusa inanena kuti pakati pa 1966 ndi 2011, pa 2.3 biliyoni matani yochepa ntchentche phulusa kukhala itapangidwa malasha amapanga boilers zofunikira.1 Cha ndalamazo pafupifupi 625 matani miliyoni akhala mopindulitsa ntchito, makamaka simenti ndi kupanga konkire. Komabe, otsalira 1.7+ matani biliyoni kwenikweni opezeka landfills anadzazidwa ponded impoundments. Ngakhale magwiritsidwe mitengo kwa mwatsopano kwaiye ntchentche phulusa awonjezera kwambiri pa zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi mitengo panopa pafupi 45%, pafupifupi 40 matani mamiliyoni a ntchentche phulusa kupitiriza kuwataya chaka. Ngakhale mitengo magwiritsidwe ku Ulaya akhala apamwamba kuposa mu US, mabuku ndithu ntchentche phulusa akhala kusungidwa mu landfills ndi impoundments m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya.

posachedwapa, chidwi akuchira nkhaniyi wabwino chawonjezeka, pang'ono chifukwa kufunika kwa apamwamba ntchentche phulusa kwa konkire ndi simenti kupanga pa nthawi yafupika kupanga monga malasha amapanga mphamvu za ali utachepa ku Ulaya ndi North America. Nkhawa yaitali zingakhudzire chilengedwe cha landfills amenewa komanso asanauzidwe zofunikira kupeza ntchito ntchito opindulitsa phulusa izi kusungidwa.

M'DZIKO Anadzazidwa phulusa KWAMBIRI NDI N'KOFUNIKA BENEFICIATION

Ngakhale ena mwa ichi ntchentche phulusa kusungidwa akhale oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito n'zothandiza poyamba zakale, ambiri mufunikira processing kukwaniritsa miyezo khalidwe simenti kapena kupanga konkire. Popeza nkhaniyo wakhala ambiri wasambitsa kuti athe akuchitira ndi compaction ongofuna fumbi m'badwo airborne, kuyanika ndi deagglomeration chofunika zofunika ntchito simenti kuyambira opanga konkire adzafuna kupitiriza mchitidwe batching ntchentche phulusa ngati wouma, ufa wosalala. Komabe, kutsimikizila mipweya ya phulusa likumanenso specifications, makamaka zili mpweya anayeza monga imfa pa-poyatsira (LAMULO), ndi kovutirapo. Monga ntchentche phulusa magwiritsidwe chawonjezeka mu wotsiriza 20+ zaka, kwambiri "-masuliridwe" phulusa wakhala mopindulitsa ntchito, ndi kutali kwambiri phulusa kuwataya. Motero, kuchepetsa LOI adzakhala lamulo kugwiritsa ambiri ntchentche phulusa recoverable ku impoundments zofunikira.

LOI Kuchepetsa ndi kulekanitsidwa TRIBOELECTRIC

Pamene ofufuza ena ankagwiritsa ntchito njira kuyaka ndi njira flotation chifukwa kuchepetsa LOI wa anachira landfilled ndi ponded ntchentche phulusa, cha ku Switzerland Zida & umisiri (STET) wapeza kuti dongosolo lake lapadera triboelectrostatic lamba kulekana, yaitali ntchito beneficiation wa mwatsopano kwaiye ntchentche phulusa, ndi wogwira pa anachira phulusa pambuyo kuyanika abwino ndi deagglomeration.

Akatswiri STET kuti mungayesedwe triboelectrostatic kulekana khalidwe la zouma landfilled phulusa landfills angapo ntchentche phulusa mu America ndi ku Ulaya. Izi phulusa anachira anapambulwa phulusa ofanana kwambiri mwatsopano kwaiye ndi kusiyana kumodzi n'zosadabwitsa: ndi tinthu adzapereke chinafafanizidwa kuchokera kwa phulusa mwatsopano ndi mpweya ndi kulipiritsa zoipa poyerekezera ndi mchere ndi.2 Akatswiri ena olekanitsa electrostatic wa ntchentche phulusa mpweya apezanso zochitika izi.3,4,5 The polarity wa STET triboelectrostatic olekanitsa mosavuta kusintha kulola kukana zoipa mlandu mpweya kuchokera zouma landfilled ntchentche magwero phulusa. No zosintha wapadera kwa kapangidwe olekanitsa kapena amazilamulira ndi zofunika kuti akomere zochitika izi.

ZIPANGIZO ZAMAKONO mwachidule - ntchentche phulusa mpweya KUPATUKANA

Mu olekanitsa STET mpweya (chithunzi 1), zakuthupi zimalowa kusiyana woonda pakati maelekitirodi awiri kufanana planar. particles ndi triboelectrically mlandu ndi interparticle kukhudzana. The ndithu mlandu mpweya ndi mchere zoipa adawalamulira (mu phulusa mwatsopano kwaiye chimene sichinayambe wasambitsa ndi zouma) amakopeka maelekitirodi popenyana. particles kenako yosesa ndi yothandizira avundulidwe lamba ndi zoperekedwa mbali zosiyana. Lamba amasuntha particles pafupi wina ndi elekitirodi kwa malekezero wosiyana olekanitsa ndi. Mkulu lamba liwiro imathandizanso throughputs kwambiri, mpaka 36 tonnes paola pa olekanitsa limodzi. Kusiyana ang'onoang'ono, munda mkulu voteji, kutsutsa otaya panopa, wolimba tinthu-tinthu mukubwadamuka ndi kudzikonda kuyeretsa kanthu lamba pa maelekitirodi ndi mbali yapadera

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wa olekanitsa STET. Ndi kulamulira magawo osiyanasiyana ndondomeko, monga liwiro lamba, chakudya mfundo, ndi mlingo chakudya, ndondomeko STET umabala otsika LOI ntchentche phulusa pa nkhani mpweya wa zosakwana 1.5 kuti 4.5% kwa chakudya ntchentche phulusa kuyambira mu LOI ku 4% zoposa 25%.

chith. 1 STET olekanitsa processing zouma, landfilled ntchentche phulusa

Kamangidwe olekanitsa ndi osavuta ndi yaying'ono. A makina cholinga pokonza 40 matani paola pafupifupi 30 Ft. (9 m.) yaitali, 5 Ft. (1.5 m.) lonse, ndi 9 ft., mamita (2.75 m.) mkulu. Lamba ndi odzigudubuza okhudzidwa ndi mbali chabe kusuntha. maelekitirodi ndi n'kupuma ndi lopangidwa ndi zinthu moyenera cholimba. Lamba unapangidwa pulasitiki sanali conductive. The olekanitsa a mowa mphamvu za 1 kilowatt maola pa tonne zakuthupi kukonzedwa ndi ambiri a mphamvu yochuluka Motors awiri galimoto lamba.

ndondomeko ndi youma kwathunthu, amafuna palibe zipangizo zina ena kuposa ntchentche phulusa ndi kubala palibe madzi zinyalala kapena mpweya mpweya. Zipangizo anachira zigwirizana ntchentche phulusa yafupika zili mpweya kuchepetsa oyenera ntchito ngati kusakanizikana pozzolanic auzidwa, ndi mkulu mpweya kachigawo zothandiza monga mafuta. Magwiritsidwe mitsinje mankhwala onse imapereka 100% njira kuuluka mavuto phulusa nazo.

PROASH® Pambuyo pa amadzadza M'DZIKO

magwero anayi phulusa kuwapeza landfills: chitsanzo A kuchokera magetsi ili mu United Kingdom ndi zitsanzo B, C, ndipo D ku United States. zitsanzo izi zonse inkakhala phulusa kuyaka wa malasha bituminous ndi boilers lalikulu zofunikira. Chifukwa kusakaniza nkhani landfills ndi, palibe mudziwe zambiri amapezeka za yeniyeni khala gwero kapena kuyaka zinthu.

Zitsanzo anamlandira ndi STET uli pakati 15% ndi 27% madzi monga mmene chifukwa cha nkhani landfilled. zitsanzo The analinso ndi ndalama osiyanasiyana lalikulu >1/8 inchi (~ 3 mamilimita) zakuthupi. Kuti akonze zitsanzo kwa mpweya kulekana, zinyalala lalikulu adachotsedwa ndi kuphimba ndi zitsanzo ndiye zouma ndi deagglomerated isanafike mpweya beneficiation. njira zingapo kuyanika / deagglomeration akhala ayesedwa pa woyendetsa-ang'ono kuti konza moyenera ndondomeko akukhudzidwira. STET wasankha ndi m'mafakitale kutsimikiziridwa, chakudya processing dongosolo umene opambana munthawi yomweyo kuyanika ndi deagglomeration zofunika zothandiza electrostatic kulekana. A pepala ambiri ndondomeko otaya kwake Chithunzi 2.

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chithunzi 2: Ndondomeko mumayenda Chithunzi

The katundu wa zitsanzo okonzeka anali mkati osiyanasiyana ntchentche phulusa analandira mwachindunji ku boilers yachibadwa zofunikira. The katundu zogwirizana kwambiri kwa onse amadyetsa olekanitsa ndi mankhwala zakambidwa mwachidule mu Table 2 pamodzi ndi mankhwala anachira.

mpweya KUPATUKANA

mayesero mpweya kuchepetsa ntchito STET triboelectric lamba olekanitsa zinachititsa kuchira wabwino kwambiri mankhwala otsika LOI ku anayi akhala akutayirapo dothi malo ntchentche phulusa. N'zosiyana adzapereke kwa mpweya monga zafotokozedwa pamwambapa sanali amanyoza kulekana mwa njira iliyonse poyerekeza processing phulusa atsopano.

The katundu wa otsika LOI ntchentche phulusa anachira ntchito ndondomeko STET onse phulusa mwatsopano anasonkhana ku kukatentha ndi phulusa anachira kuyambira akhala akutayirapo dothi lapansi zalongosoledwa mwachidule mu Table 1. Zotsatira kusonyeza kuti mankhwala khalidwe kwa ProAsh® yopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu landfilled ndi ofanana ndi mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera mwatsopano ntchentche magwero phulusa.

Table 1: Katundu chakudya ndipo anachira ProAsh®.

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Magwiridwe auzidwa

The katundu wa ProAsh® kwaiye ku watenganso akhala akutayirapo dothi zakuthupi poyerekezera ndi wa ProAsh® yopangidwa kuchokera mwatsopano ntchentche phulusa kwaiye boilers zofunikira kuchokera pamalo omwewo. The kukonzedwa watenganso phulusa likukwaniritsa specifications onse ASTM C618 ndi mfundo AASHTO M250. Tebulo izi mwachidule umagwirira chifukwa zitsanzo kuchokera awiri mwa zinthu zosonyeza kusiyana zonyozeka pakati pa zinthu zatsopano ndi watenganso.

Table 2: Ash Chemistry wa otsika LOI phulusa.

Mphamvu pakhale 20% m'malo otsika LOI ntchentche phulusa mu mtondo okhala 600 LB cementitious / lipande3 (Onani Table 3 pansipa) anasonyeza ProAsh® mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku phulusa landfilled zidapatsa mortars ndi mphamvu ofanana mortars pogwiritsa ntchito ProAsh® ku atsopano ntchentche phulusa opangidwa pamalo omwewo. Mapeto mankhwala a beneficiated watenganso phulusa adzakhala mkulu mapeto amagwiritsa makampani konkire mogwirizana ndi udindo kwambiri wapatali ProAsh® Amasangalala m'misika panopa akutumikira.

Table 3: Compressive mphamvu ya matope zonenepa.

NJIRA ZACHUMA

Kupezeka kwa mtengo wotsika gasi mu USA timapitiriza kwambiri zachuma njira kuyanika, kuphatikizapo kuyanika wa wasambitsa ntchentche phulusa landfills. Table 4 chifupikitso ndalama nkhuni za ntchito mu USA kwa 15% ndi 20% nkhani chinyezi. inefficiencies ankaikira kuyanika aphatikizidwa mfundo za masamu. Ndalama zochokera misa zakuthupi pambuyo kuyanika. Ndalama owonjezekera kwa kuyanika ntchentche phulusa kwa STET processing triboelectrostatic kulekana ndi wotsika.

Table 4: ndalama kuyanika pa maziko a misa zouma.

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Ngakhale Kuwonjezera kuyanika ndalama chakudya, ndondomeko STET kulekana amapereka mtengo wotsika, m'mafakitale kutsimikiziridwa, ndondomeko kuchepetsa LOI wa landfilled ntchentche phulusa. The STET ndondomeko watenganso ntchentche phulusa ndi gawo limodzi kwa theka la mtengo likulu poyerekeza kachitidwe kuyaka zochokera. The STET ndondomeko watenganso ntchentche phulusa alinso mpweya kwambiri m'munsi chilengedwe poyerekeza kuyaka kapena machitidwe flotation ofotokoza. Popeza okha owonjezera mpweya umuna gwero muyezo STET ndondomeko unsembe Mwachibadwa mpweya amapanga chowumitsira, zololera adzakhala osavuta.

Anachira MABATIRE KUFUNIKA KOVALA MKULU mpweya ntchentche phulusa

Kuwonjezera pa mpweya mankhwala otsika ntchito simenti, mtundu wotchedwa ProAsh®, ndi STET kupatukana ndondomeko komanso akuchira mwinamwake adadzonga unburned mpweya mu mawonekedwe a kaboni wolemera ntchentche phulusa, kuwasindikiza EcoTherm™. EcoTherm™ n'kopindulitsa kwambiri mafuta ndi mosavuta anabwerera ku mphamvu ya magetsi chomera ntchito STET EcoTherm™ Bwererani dongosolo kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito khala pa chomera. pamene EcoTherm™ ndi watentha kukatentha zofunikira, mphamvu kwa kuyaka ndi kutembenukira ku kuthamanga / mkulu kutentha nthunzi ndipo kenako magetsi pa dzuwa chimodzimodzi monga malasha, amangoona 35%. Kutembenuka kwa anachira mphamvu matenthedwe kwa magetsi cha ku Switzerland Zida & Technology LLC EcoTherm™ Bwererani dongosolo ndi kawiri atatu apamwamba kuposa luso kupikisana mphamvu ndi kubwezeretsedwanso monga kutentha otsika kalasi mu mawonekedwe a madzi otentha amene akufalitsa kwa kukatentha chakudya dongosolo madzi. EcoTherm™ amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati gwero la aluminiyamu mu kilns simenti, chimakankhira ndi bauxite zodula amene inkatinyamulira ataliatali. Kugwiritsa ntchito mkulu mpweya EcoTherm™ phulusa kapena pa magetsi kapena uvuni simenti, maximizes ayambe mphamvu khala anapulumutsa, kuchepetsa kufunika kwanga ndi kunyamula mafuta ena owonjezera kuti malowa.

STET a Talen Energy Brandon Shores, SMEPA R.D. Morrow, NBP Belledune, RWEnpower Didcot, EDF Energy West Burton, RWEnpower Aberthaw, ndi Korea South-East Mphamvu kuwuluka zomera phulusa zonse monga EcoTherm™ kachitidwe Bwererani.

STET phulusa processing NYUMBA

STET ndi ndondomeko kulekana lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito malonda kuyambira 1995 kuti ntchentche phulusa beneficiation ndipo kwaiye pa 20 matani mamiliyoni a mkulu khalidwe kuuluka phulusa kupanga konkire. Ankalamulira otsika LOI ntchentche ProAsh®, panopa opangidwa ndi luso STET pa okwerera mphamvu khumi mu okhudza za boma la, Canada, ndi U.K., Poland, ndipo Republic of Korea. ProAsh® kuuluka phulusa kwavomelezedwa ntchito ndi makumi awiri akuluakulu msewu boma, komanso mabungwe ena ambiri mfundo. ProAsh® wakhalanso mbiri yabwino pansi Canada Mfundo Association ndi EN 450:2005 mfundo khalidwe Europe. Ash processing maofesi ntchito luso STET zalembedwa mu Table 5.

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Table 5. Kuwuluka maofesi Ash Processing ntchito STET luso kulekana

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Mawuwo

Pambuyo scalping yabwino zinthu zazikulu, kuyanika, ndipo deagglomeration, kuuluka phulusa anachira kuyambira zofunikira mbewu landfills zikhoza kuchepetsedwa amanena mpweya ntchito malonda STET triboelectric lamba olekanitsa. Khalidwe la ntchentche phulusa mankhwala, ProAsh® ntchito dongosolo STET pa akhala akutayirapo dothi zinthu owomboledwa ndi lofanana ProAsh® yopangidwa kuchokera ku atsopano chakudya ntchentche phulusa. The ProAsh® mankhwala ndi bwino yosayenera ndi kutsimikiziridwa kupanga konkire. The achire komanso beneficiation wa phulusa landfilled adzapereka chakudya kupitiriza mwambambande phulusa opanga simenti ngakhale yafupika yopanga "atsopano" phulusa monga malasha amapanga zofunikira kuchepetsa m'badwo. Komanso, mphamvu zomera kuti ayenera kuchotsa phulusa landfills kukumana kusintha malamulo zachilengedwe adzatha ntchito ndondomeko ya kusintha kungotaya mankhwala udindo mu mfundo zamtengo wapatali yaiwisi opanga konkire. The STET kupatukana ndondomeko ndi zida chakudya Pre-processing kwa kuyanika ndi deagglomerating landfilled ntchentche phulusa ndi njira wokongola kwa phulusa beneficiation ndi mtengo kwambiri m'munsi ndi mpweya wotsika poyerekeza kuyaka zina ndi machitidwe flotation ofotokoza.

Mabuku

[1]American Malasha Ash Malasha mankhwala kuyaka ndi Ntchito Kafukufuku: HTTP://www.acaa- usa.org/Publications/Production-Use-Reports.

[2]Cha ku Switzerland lipoti mkati, August 1995.

[3]mu,T.X,. Schaefer, JL, Ban, H., Neathery, J.K., ndipo Stencel, J.M. Youma Beneficiation Processing wa kuyaka Ntchentche Ash, Kuthi munthu Conference Doe pa Mpweya Unburned pa Kagwiritsidwe Ntchentche Ash, mulole 19 20, Pittsburgh, PA, 1998.

[4]Baltrus, J.P., Diehl, J.R., Soong, Y., Sands, W. Triboelectrostatic kulekana kwa ntchentche phulusa ndi mlandu zitasintha, wamafuta 81, (2002) pp.757-762.

[5]Cangialosi, F., Notarnicola, M., Liberti, L, Stencel, J. Udindo wa weathering pa ntchentche phulusa mlandu kugawa nthawi beneficiation triboelectrostatic, Journal of woopsawo zipangizo, 164 (2009) pp.683-688.

olemba

Lewis Baker ndi Manager European zaumisiri Zothandizira cha ku Switzerland Zida & Technology (STET) zochokera ku United Kingdom

Abhishek Gupta ndi Njira akatswiri okonza zochokera pa Kupatukana matekinoloje woyendetsa zomera ndi labu malo, STET Center zaumisiri, 101 nyumba ya Hampton Ave, Needham MA 02494 +1-781-972-2300

Dr. Stephen Gasiorowski, Ph.D. ndi Senior Research Scientist kwa cha ku Switzerland Zida & Technology (STET) zochokera ku New Hampshire.

Frank Hrach ndi wotsatila mutsogoleli wa Njira Engineering zochokera pa Kupatukana matekinoloje woyendetsa zomera ndi labu malo, STET Center zaumisiri, 101 nyumba ya Hampton Ave, Needham MA 02494 +1-781-972-2300