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Mkota
ST Zida & Technology, LLC (STET) kuyamba tribo-electrostatic lamba kulekana dongosolo processing amene amapereka makampani mchere processing njira beneficiate zipangizo zabwino ndi luso kwathunthu youma. Mosiyana ndi zina njira electrostatic kulekana amene amagwiritsidwa okha particles kuposa 75μm kukula, ndi triboelectric lamba olekanitsa ndi oyenereradi kupatukana ya chabwino kwambiri (<1μm) kuti amtengo coarse (300μm) particles ndi matulukidwe kwambiri. The triboelectric lamba olekanitsa luso lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kupatukana osiyanasiyana zipangizo kuphatikizapo malasha kuyaka ntchentche phulusa, calcite / khwatsi, talc / magnesite, barite / khwatsi, ndipo feldspar / khwatsi. Zotsatira Kupatukana ndi kuperekedwa kufotokoza tribo-nawuza khalidwe kwa mchere bauxite.
Chiyambi
Chosowa kupeza madzi abwino wayamba mfundo yaikulu zokhudza kuthekera ntchito migodi padziko lonse. Malinga ndi Hubert Fleming, poyamba wotsogolera padziko lonse zimaswa Water, "Mwa ntchito zonse migodi mu dziko kuti mwina utaleka kapena mochedwa pa chaka chathachi, zinali, pafupifupi 100% la milandu, chifukwa cha madzi, kaya mwachindunji kapena ayi ".1 kuuma njira mchere processing kupereka yankho pabvuto ili imene yatsala.
njira youma monga kulekana electrostatic adzachotsa kufunika madzi abwino, ndi kupereka lingathe kuchepetsa. njira magetsi kulekana kuti ntchito kukhudzana, kapena tribo za magesi, adzapereke ndi particularity chidwi chifukwa angathe kudzipatula zosiyanasiyana zosakaniza munali conductive, zokutira zitsulo, ndi tinthu theka-conductive.
Tribo-magetsi adzapereke kumachitika pamene apawokha, particles yosiyana adzawombana wina ndi mzake, kapena ndi pamwamba lachitatu, chifukwa mu pamwamba mlandu kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiri tinthu. chizindikiro ndi ukulu wa kusiyana mlandu zimatengera mwina pa kusiyana elekitironi kuyandikana (kapena ntchito ntchito) pakati pa mitundu ndi tinthu. Kupatukana kenako mwana'yo ntchito kunja ntchito m'munda magetsi.
njira wakhala ntchito m'mafakitale mu ofukula chatsika mtundu separators. Mu separators chatsika, particles woyamba tikhale woyang'anira, igwani ndi yokoka kudzera chipangizo adani maelekitirodi kuti ntchito amphamvu munda chamagetsi nacho pa njira yodutsamo wa particles monga chizindikiro ndi ukulu padziko charge.2 awo Free kugwa separators akhoza kukhala amphamvu kwa particles coarse, koma ogwira mtima pa akuchitira particles bwino kuposa za 0.075 kuti 0.1 mm.3,4 Chimodzi mwa zingamuthandize zinthu zatsopano kusiyana youma mchere ndi tribo-electrostatic lamba olekanitsa. Njira imeneyi wandisonyeza ndi tinthu kukula osiyanasiyana kuti bwino particles kuposa ochiritsira umisiri electrostatic kulekana, mu uthunthu yekha flotation wakhala bwino m'mbuyomu.
Tribo-Electrostatic m'Galimoto Kupatukana
Mu tribo-electrostatic lamba olekanitsa (chithunzi 1 ndi Chithunzi 2), zakuthupi zimalowa kusiyana woonda 0.9 - 1.5 masentimita awiri maelekitirodi kufanana planar. particles ndi triboelectrically mlandu ndi interparticle kukhudzana. Mwachitsanzo, mu nkhani ya malasha kuyaka ntchentche phulusa, chisakanizo cha particles mpweya ndi tinthu mchere, ndi mpweya ndithu mlandu mchere zoipa mlandu amakopeka maelekitirodi popenyana. particles kenako yosesa ndi yothandizira kusuntha lamba lotseguka-mauna ndi zoperekedwa mbali zosiyana. Lamba amasuntha particles pafupi wina ndi elekitirodi kwa malekezero wosiyana olekanitsa ndi. Munda magetsi Tiyenera kulimbikitsa particles chochepa centimeter kusamukira ndi tinthu kuchokera kumanzere chikusuntha kuti ufulu ukusuntha mtsinje. Kauntala panopa otaya wa particles kulekanitsa ndi zonse triboelectric adzapereke ndi mwansanga kaboni mchere amapereka kulekana Mipikisano gawo ndi zotsatira mu chiyero kwambiri ndi kuchira mu gulu limodzi-chiphaso. Mkulu lamba liwiro imathandizanso throughputs kwambiri, mpaka 40 tonnes paola pa olekanitsa limodzi. Ndi kulamulira magawo osiyanasiyana ndondomeko, monga liwiro lamba, chakudya mfundo, elekitirodi kusiyana ndi mlingo chakudya, chipangizo limapanga otsika mpweya ntchentche phulusa pa nkhani mpweya wa 2 % ± 0.5% kwa chakudya ntchentche phulusa kuyambira mu mpweya wochokera 4% zoposa 30%.
Kamangidwe olekanitsa ndi osavuta. Lamba ndi odzigudubuza okhudzidwa ndi mbali chabe kusuntha. maelekitirodi ndi n'kupuma ndi lopangidwa ndi zinthu moyenera cholimba. lamba wopangidwa ndi zinthu pulasitiki. The olekanitsa elekitirodi kutalika pafupifupi 6 meters (20 ft.) ndipo m'lifupi 1.25 meters (4 ft.) chifukwa chachikulu mayunitsi malonda. The mowa mphamvu ndi zosakwana 2 kilowatt maola pa tonne zakuthupi kukonzedwa ndi ambiri a mphamvu yochuluka Motors awiri galimoto lamba.
ndondomeko ndi youma kwathunthu, amafuna palibe zipangizo zina ndipo pomaliza palibe madzi zinyalala kapena mpweya mpweya. Pankhani ya mpweya ku ntchentche amapatukana phulusa, zipangizo anachira zigwirizana ntchentche phulusa yafupika zili mpweya kuchepetsa oyenera ntchito ngati kusakanizikana pozzolanic auzidwa, ndi mkulu mpweya kachigawo amene angathe awotchedwe magesi ikuyambitsa chomera. Magwiritsidwe mitsinje mankhwala onse imapereka 100% njira kuuluka mavuto phulusa nazo. Pakuti amapatukana mchere, processing bauxite Mwachitsanzo, ndi olekanitsa amapereka luso kuchepetsa ntchito madzi, kuwonjezera malo moyo ndi / kapena achire ndi reprocess tailings.
The tribo-electrostatic lamba olekanitsa zimakhalanso yaying'ono. A makina cholinga pokonza 40 tonnes paola pafupifupi 9.1 meters (30 ft.) yaitali, 1.7 meters (5.5 ft.) lonse ndi 3.2 meters (10.5 ft.) mkulu. Chofunika bwino chomera tichipeza machitidwe kusonyeza zinthu ouma ndi ku olekanitsa ndi. The compactness a dongosolo limalola kusinthasintha ziwembu unsembe.
The tribo-electrostatic lamba kulekana luso ndi wangwiro ndi m'mafakitale kutsimikiziridwa, ndipo woyamba ntchito m'mafakitale kwa processing wa malasha kuyaka ntchentche phulusa mu 1995. umisiri ndi mogwira kulekanitsa particles mpweya ku kuyaka chosakwanira wa malasha, kuchokera kunyezimira particles aluminosilicate mchere mu ntchentche phulusa. luso lathandiza kwambiri kuwapangitsa akonzanso ya mchere wolemera ntchentche phulusa mmalo simenti kupanga konkire. Popeza 1995, pa 20,000,000 tonnes wa ntchentche phulusa wakhala kukonzedwa ndi 19 tribo-electrostatic lamba separators anaika mu USA, Canada, UK, Poland, ndipo Korea South. Mbiri mafakitale kulekana ntchentche phulusa ndi kutchulidwa Table 1.
Table 1. Industrial ntchito tribo-electrostatic lamba olekanitsa kwa ntchentche phulusa
| Kagwiritsidwe / opangira magetsi | Location | Yambani ntchito malonda | mfundo malo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Duke Energy - Roxboro Station | North Carolina USA | 1997 | 2 Separators |
| zinenero Energy- Brandon Shores | Maryland USA | 1999 | 2 Separators |
| Scottish Mphamvu- Longannet Station | Scotland UK | 2002 | 1 olekanitsa |
| Jacksonville Zamagetsi-St. Johns River Power Park | Florida USA | 2003 | 2 Separators |
| South Mississippi Electric Power -R.D. Morrow | Mississippi USA | 2005 | 1 olekanitsa |
| Latsopano Brunswick Mphamvu Belledune | Latsopano Brunswick Canada | 2005 | 1 olekanitsa |
| OF npower-Didcot Station | England UK | 2005 | 1 olekanitsa |
| Talen Energy-Brunner Island Station | Pennsylvania USA | 2006 | 2 Separators |
| Tampa Zamagetsi-Big Bend Station | Florida USA | 2008 | 3 Separators two-pass scavenging |
| OF npower Aberthaw-Station | Wales UK | 2008 | 1 olekanitsa |
| EDF Energy-West Burton Station | England UK | 2008 | 1 olekanitsa |
| ZGP (Lafarge Cement / Ciech Janikosoda JV) | Poland | 2010 | 1 olekanitsa |
| Korea Southeast Mphamvu- Yeongheung | Korea South | 2014 | 1 olekanitsa |
| PGNiG Termika-Sierkirki | Poland | 2018 | 1 olekanitsa |
| Taiheiyo Cement Company-Chichibu | Japan | 2018 | 1 olekanitsa |
| Armstrong Fly Ash- Eagle Cement | Philippines | Maulendo 2019 | 1 olekanitsa |
| Korea Southeast Mphamvu- Samcheonpo | Korea South | Maulendo 2019 | 1 olekanitsa |
Tribo-Electrostatic Kupatukana wa Bauxite Mchere
cha ku Switzerland Zida & Technology (STET) anachita benchi lonse youma tribo-electrostatic kulekana kuyezetsa pa zitsanzo angapo mchere bauxite. zitsanzo The zili m'munsimu mu Table 2.
Table 2. Katundu zitsanzo bauxite kukayesedwa ndi STET
| Description | Desired Product & Goals | |
|---|---|---|
| Zitsanzo 1 | ROM Bauxite | Al2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| Zitsanzo 2 | PLK (Partially Lateritized Khondalite) | Al2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
| Zitsanzo 3 | Red Mud | Fe2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 |
| Zitsanzo 4 | ROM Bauxite Slimes | Al2O3 recovery Reduce SiO2, Fe2O3, TiO2 |
Mipweya onse chakudya ndi mankhwala anapambulwa zitsanzo anali anayeza ndi X-Ray kuwala (XRF) ntchito dongosolo WD-XRF. The zotsatira za kuwunika mankhwala chifukwa zitsanzo chakudya ali pansipa mu Table 3.
Table 3. Chemical katundu zitsanzo bauxite kukayesedwa ndi STET
| Al2O3 wt.% | Fe2O3 wt.% | SiO2 wt.% | SiO2 wt.% | LOI wt.% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zitsanzo 1 | 43.7 | 25.9 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 23.6 |
| Zitsanzo 2 | 34.9 | 19.4 | 28.5 | 2.1 | 14.7 |
| Zitsanzo 3 | 19.0 | 52.1 | 6.7 | 4.9 | 11.1 |
| Zitsanzo 4 | 34.6 | 23.2 | 18.0 | 4.4 | 18.8 |
Tinthu kukula anali anayeza ndi laser tinthu kukula kayesedwe ntchito youma pneumatic kupezeka. Zotsatirazi zitsanzo chakudya ali pansipa mu Table 4.
Table 4. Tinthu kukula zitsanzo bauxite kukayesedwa ndi STET
| D10 micron | D50 micron | D90 micron | D90 micron |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zitsanzo 1 | 2 | 19 | 73 | 118 |
| Zitsanzo 2 | 2 | 45 | 575 | 898 |
| Zitsanzo 3 | 1 | 27 | 212 | 325 |
| Zitsanzo 4 | 1 | 7 | 59 | 93 |
Zitsanzo munalekanitsidwa ntchito STET benchtop olekanitsa. The olekanitsa benchtop ntchito kuphimba umboni wa tribo-electrostatic adzapereke ndi kudziwa ngati chuma ndi wophunzira wabwino beneficiation electrostatic. Kusiyana chachikulu pakati pa olekanitsa benchtop ndi woyendetsa-ang'ono ndi separators malonda-ang'ono ndi kutalika kwa olekanitsa benchtop pafupifupi 0.4 nthawi kutalika mayunitsi woyendetsa-ang'ono ndi malonda-ang'ono. Monga dzuwa olekanitsa ndi ntchito ya kutalika elekitirodi, benchi-ang'ono kuyezetsa sangathe ntchito m'malo kuyezetsa woyendetsa-ang'ono. Pilot-ang'ono kuyezetsa m'pofunika kudziwa mmene olekanitsa kuti ndondomeko STET akhoza kukwaniritsa, ndi kudziwa ngati STET ndondomeko akhoza kukumana mipherezero mankhwala pansi mitengo kupatsidwa chakudya. m'malo, ndi olekanitsa benchtop ntchito akatsimikizire zipangizo wakonzekera kuti zimavuta kusonyeza kusiyana kulikonse kwambiri pa mlingo woyendetsa-ang'ono. Zotsatira analandira pa benchi-ang'ono adzakhala sanali wokometsedwa, ndi kulekana anaona ndi zosakwana lomwe kuti anaona pa malonda kakulidwe STET olekanitsa.
Kuyesedwa ndi olekanitsa STET benchtop anasonyeza gulu lapadera la Al2O3 ndi ambiri zitsanzo mayesedwe. Mu atatu zitsanzo zinayi kukayesedwa ndi STET, kayendedwe zochuluka Al2O3 unkachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu ina ikuluikulu Fe2O3, SiO2 ndi TiO2 anasonyeza gulu lapadera nthawi zambiri. mu Zitsanzo 1, Zitsanzo 3 ndi Zitsanzo 4, kayendedwe ka chitayiko poyatsira (LAMULO) adamtsata kayendedwe ka Al2O3. Kayendedwe ka zinthu zikuluzikulu chili m'munsimu mu chithunzi 5.
The STET olekanitsa ndi thupi kupatukana ndondomeko ndi kusankha alekanitsa mbali mchere zochokera tribocharging, chodabwitsa pamwamba. mmene mchere atengeke tribocharging ndi zina wokhoza ananeneratu kudzera upo wa mndandanda triboelectric, koma mu nkhani ya zovuta ores mchere, Nthawi zambiri kuchita ayenera kutsimikiza mtima empirically. A mwachidule katundu tribocharging kwa zitsanzo mayesedwe ali pansipa mu Table 5.
Table 5. Chidule cha tribocharging khalidwe kwa zinthu zazikulu. POS = mlandu zabwino, NEG = mlandu zoipa.
| Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | SiO2 | TiO2 | LAMULO | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zitsanzo 1 | POS | NEG | NEG | NEG | POS |
| Zitsanzo 2 | NEG | POS | NEG | N/A | N/A |
| Zitsanzo 3 | POS | NEG | N/A | NEG | POS |
| Zitsanzo 4 | POS | N/A | NEG | NEG | POS |
Youma processing ndi olekanitsa STET mipata kupanga phindu kwa bauxite ndi zotayidwa opanga. The magwiritsidwe wa m'munsi kalasi madipoziti bauxite angalole kuti ndalama m'munsi migodi ndi kuchepetsa magawanidwe anamuvula ndi kuchepetsedwa m'badwo wa tailings. Kuphatikiza apo, kusanachitike kwa miyala ya bauxite ndi kupatukana kwa triboelectrostatic kouma kumatha kuyambitsa kukonza kwachuma kwa aluminiyumu popereka ma bauxite apamwamba pantchito yoyenga, kapena kuchepetsa mabuku a matope ofiira kwaiye. Kuphatikiza apo, zotayidwa zili apamwamba mu matope ofiira angalole kuti reprocessing. A mwachidule makhalidwe abwino zitsulo kalasi bauxite limaoneka, komanso chidule cha phindu la olekanitsa STET, pansi Table 6.
Table 6. Chidule cha makhalidwe abwino zitsulo kalasi bauxite.5
| Ideal Grade Characteristic | Impact if Inadequate | Observed with STET Separation |
|---|---|---|
| Low “reactive silica” (>1.5% - <3.0%) (kaolinite) | Increases caustic usage, a critical operating cost factor. | Reduction in total silica |
| High extractable alumina | Increases capital and operating costs for mining, processing and mud disposal. | Increase in alumina |
| Low organic carbon | Increases operating costs by reducing plant efficiency. | |
| Low boehmite (<3%) | Precludes low-temperature processing that can increase capital and operating costs. | |
| Low goethite (tolerable in a high-temperature plant or with high hematite) | Slows clarification, lowers product quality and increases alumina loss via mud circuit. | Reduction in total iron |
| Low moisture (can create nuisance dust if too low) | Increases capital costs (larger evaporation facility), fuel consumption, shipping costs. | |
| Iron content (ideally >5%-<15%) | Low iron can lower product quality. High iron dilutes alumina content of bauxite. | Reduction in total iron |
| Low quartz | Increases maintenance costs (pipe wear). Increases caustic usage in high-temperature plants. | Reduction in total silica |
| Low impurities and trace elements | Can lower process efficiency (sulfur, chlorine, calcium) and metal quality (gallium, zinc, vanadium, phosphorus). | |
| Soft and friable | Increases mining and grinding costs. | |
| Dissolves readily | Increases capital (larger digestion equipment) and operating costs. | |
| Low titania | Can increase caustic usage in high-temperature plants. | Reduction in titania |
| Low carbonates | Can require special processing. |
Kutsiliza
kulekana Tribo-electrostatic zinaoneka ngati njira zothandiza kupoletsa mkulu amasankha bauxite miyala ntchito yopanga aluminiyamu. Kuyesedwa ndi olekanitsa STET benchtop anasonyeza gulu lapadera la Al2O3 ndi ambiri zitsanzo mayesedwe. Mu atatu zitsanzo zinayi kukayesedwa ndi STET, kayendedwe zochuluka Al2O3 unkachitika. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu ina ikuluikulu Fe2O3, SiO2 ndi TiO2 anasonyeza kulekana kwambiri nthawi zambiri. Youma processing ndi olekanitsa STET mipata kupanga phindu kwa bauxite ndi zotayidwa opanga.
Zothandizira
1. Blin, P & Dion-Ortega, A (2013) Mkulu ndi kuuma, CIM Magazine, Vol. 8, palibe. 4, mas. 48-51.
2. Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Fors Mountain, K (2000), Review Njira Magetsi Kupatukana, Part 1: mbali wofunikila, mchere & Processing zitsulo, Vol. 17, palibe. 1 mas 23-36.
3. Manouchehri, H, Hanumantha Roa, K, & Fors Mountain, K (2000), Review Njira Magetsi Kupatukana, Part 2: othandiza tiganizira, mchere & Processing zitsulo, Vol. 17, palibe. 1 mas 139-166.
4. Ralston O. (1961) Electrostatic Kupatukana wa zolimba obwerawa Granular, Elsevier Yofalitsa Company, kusindikizidwa.
5. Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Trivedi, Nikhil C; Barker, James M; Krukowski, Stanley T.; Industrial Mchere ndi miyala: uphungu, misika, ndi Ntchito 7 Edition, (2006), Page 237.
